Gamma oscillations and auditory perception: A cluster-based statistic investigation in infants at higher likelihood of autism and developmental language disorder.

The ability to process auditory information is one of the foundations of the ability to appropriately acquire language. Moreover, early difficulties in basic auditory abilities have cascading effects on the appropriate wiring of brain networks underlying higher-order linguistic processes. Language impairments represent core difficulties in two different but partially overlapping disorders: developmental language disorder (DLD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Targeting kallikrein proteases for dandruff therapy.

Kallikrein proteases (KPs) are vital enzymes involved in the formation of dermatosomes and are regulated by the body's internal inhibitors. Maintaining a balance between KPs and their inhibitors is essential for promoting a healthy scalp. The scalp specifically contains two KPs: human kallikrein (hK) 5 and hK7, which are encoded by their respective genes.

Identification and Analysis of Reference-Independent Movement Event-Related Desynchronization.

Characterization of the electroencephalography (EEG) signals related to motor activity, such as alpha- and beta-band motor event-related desynchronizations (ERDs), is essential for Brain Computer Interface (BCI) development. Determining the best electrode combination to detect the ERD is crucial for the success of the BCI. Considering that the EEG signals are bipolar, this involves the choice of the main and reference electrodes.

Scalp Lipofibromatosis - A case report on comprehensive management in a two-year-old child from Pakistan.

Lipofibromatosis is a rare benign soft tissue tumor that primarily affects children. There is limited cytological description and management of this rare condition in the literature which leads to misdiagnosis. The two years old patient first presented with a big, non-tender swelling on the scalp's right temporoparietal area.

Post-traumatic extensive chronic osteomyelitis of skull vault: An illustrative case report.

Chronic osteomyelitis of the skull base is a commonly reported pathology in existing scientific literature, but chronic osteomyelitis of the skull vault (COSV) is a rarely documented disease. We report the case of a 38 years old Afghan male with a presenting complaint of irregular swelling on the skull vault for six months. The patient had a history of head trauma one year back with a compound depressed fracture which had been surgically managed then.

Double encephalocele in a four-year-old girl: A case report with literature review.

Encephalocele is a congenital neural tube defect (NTD). The pathophysiology of the NTDs is exceedingly complex. Numerous explanations have been proposed to explain it.

Efficacy of different acupuncture-related therapies for tension-type headache: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: Tension-type headache (TTH) is among the most common primary headache disorders, characterized by recurrent episodes that are difficult to manage, thus posing a significant public health challenge. Acupuncture, a well-recognized non-pharmacological treatment, is frequently employed for pain management, including TTH. However, the variety of acupuncture techniques and inconsistent treatment outcomes underscore the need for a thorough evaluation.

The Potential of Hair-Follicle-Associated Pluripotent (HAP) Stem Cells for Regenerative Medicine.

Nestin-expressing hair-follicle-associated pluripotent (HAP) stem cells from mouse and human have been shown to differentiate into neurons, glia, keratinocytes, smooth muscle cells, cardiac muscle cells, and melanocytes in vitro. HAP stem cells have promoted the recovery of peripheral nerve and spinal cord injuries in mouse models by differentiating into glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive Schwann cells. HAP stem cells enclosed on polyvinylidene fluoride membranes (PFM) were transplanted into the severed thoracic spinal cord of nude mice.

Prior memory responses modulate behavior and brain state engagement.

Memory encoding and retrieval constitute neurally dissociable brain states and prior behavioral work suggests that these states may linger in time. Thus memory states may influence both the current experience and subsequent events; however, this account has not been directly tested. To test the hypothesis that memory judgments induce brain states that persist for several hundred milliseconds, we recorded scalp electroencephalography while participants completed a recognition task.

Depilation Before, During, or After Scalp Flap Expansion for Facial Reconstruction Using a Long-pulse 800-nm Diode Laser.

Following facial reconstruction with a scalp flap, unwanted hair is a common esthetic problem. Reports on the safety, effectiveness, and differences in laser hair removal before, during, and after tissue expansion are lacking. The authors aimed to assess the efficacy of 800-nm diode laser hair removal before, during, and after flap expansion.

Tactile imagery affects cortical responses to vibrotactile stimulation of the fingertip.

Mental imagery is a crucial cognitive process, yet its underlying neural mechanisms remain less understood compared to perception. Furthermore, within the realm of mental imagery, the somatosensory domain is particularly underexplored compared to other sensory modalities. This study aims to investigate the influence of tactile imagery (TI) on cortical somatosensory processing.

Scalp and Forehead Reconstruction following Mohs Micrographic Surgery.

For proper reconstruction of scalp and forehead defects following Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS), knowledge of the unique anatomy and aesthetic importance of these structures is necessary to restore function and appearance. However, the inflexibility, convexity, and hair-bearing nature of the scalp and forehead can make reconstruction challenging. Detailed planning and precise management are essential to achieve adequate reconstructive results.

A case report about focal status epilepticus as first presentation in Alzheimer's disease: finding the culprit.

Background: Neuronal hyperexcitability has been proposed to play a key role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Understanding the relation between this enhanced excitability and AD pathology could provide a window for therapeutic interventions. However epileptiform activity is often subclinical, hidden on scalp EEG and very challenging to assess with current diagnostic modalities.

hair growth-promoting effects of araliadiol via the p38/PPAR-γ signaling pathway in human hair follicle stem cells and dermal papilla cells.

Background: Scalp hair plays a crucial role in social communication by expressing personal appearance and self-identity. Consequently, hair loss often leads to a perception of unattractiveness, negatively impacting an individual's life and mental health. Currently, the use of Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs for hair loss is associated with several side effects, highlighting the need for identifying new drug candidates, such as plant-derived phytochemicals, to overcome these issues.

Alpha rhythm slowing in temporal lobe epilepsy across scalp EEG and MEG.

EEG slowing is reported in various neurological disorders including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Epilepsy. Here, we investigate alpha rhythm slowing in individuals with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy compared with healthy controls, using scalp EEG and magnetoencephalography. We retrospectively analysed data from 17 (46) healthy controls and 22 (24) individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy who underwent scalp EEG and magnetoencephalography recordings as part of presurgical evaluation.

STRIAA (Severity TRichoscopy Index Alopecia Areata): Validation of a Novel Trichoscopic Tool for Evaluation of Alopecia Areata.

Introduction: Alopecia areata (AA) is a non-scarring autoimmune disease characterized by patchy hair loss. The aim of this study was to validate a novel trichoscopic scoring tool, the Severity TRichoscopy Index for Alopecia Areata (STRIAA), for rapid assessment of AA severity.

Methods: Anonymized images from 340 patients were scored by two independent raters who analyzed four scalp areas (vertex, occipital, and left and right parietal) for trichoscopic signs: black dots, yellow dots, exclamation mark hairs, broken hairs, and short vellus hairs.

Non-invasive scalp recording of electroencephalograms and evoked potentials in unanesthetized horses using a 12-channel active electrode array.

Despite the long history of the horse-human bond, our understanding of the brain and mind of horses remains limited due to the lack of methods to investigate their brain functions. This study introduces a novel methodology for completely non-invasive, multi-channel recording of electroencephalography (EEG) and evoked potentials in awake horses to examine equine auditory cortical processing. The new approach utilizes specially designed brush-shaped active electrodes that facilitate stable signal acquisition through the hair coat by penetrating electrode pins and integrated pre-amplifiers.

Integrated approach of scalp electroacupuncture and pharmacotherapy in managing Parkinson's disease: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and trial sequential analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Background: Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder that may be managed with therapies like scalp electroacupuncture (SEA). The combination of SEA and medication could potentially offer a new approach for managing PD symptoms. The systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the combined impact of SEA and medication on PD through a comprehensive analysis of randomized clinical trials, focusing on outcomes like effective rate and various scores (total Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), UPDRS III, and Webster).

Scalp-Implanted Ultra-Wideband Circularly Polarized MIMO Antenna for Biotelemetry Systems.

This paper presents an innovative, compact, dual-element, implantable, ultra-wideband, circularly polarized multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna designed to operate within the 2.45 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical band, and both of its radiating units are circularly polarized antennas with polarization diversity. Specifically, antenna-1 exhibits left-handed circular polarization properties, while antenna-2 demonstrates right-handed circular polarization properties.

Touch Helps Hearing: Evidence From Continuous Audio-Tactile Stimulation.

Objectives: Identifying target sounds in challenging environments is crucial for daily experiences. It is important to note that it can be enhanced by nonauditory stimuli, for example, through lip-reading in an ongoing conversation. However, how tactile stimuli affect auditory processing is still relatively unclear.

Efficacy of combination scalp acupuncture for post-stroke cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of combination scalp acupuncture in treating post-stroke cognitive impairment.

Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across eight databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Database, Embase, CBM, CNKI, WanFang, and VIP, targeting randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from the inception of these databases until October 24, 2024. The inclusion criteria focused on RCTs that compared scalp acupuncture with conventional treatments as therapeutic interventions for patients suffering from post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI).

Primary Cutaneous Rhabdoid Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report and Review of Molecular Features.

We present a rare case of rhabdoid squamous cell carcinoma (RSCC) on the scalp of a non-immunosuppressed male patient in his late 60s. This aggressive variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is characterized by tumor cells with eccentrically located nuclei and abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, as observed on histopathological examination. While rhabdoid morphology has been reported in various anatomical sites, its occurrence in primary cutaneous tumors is exceptionally uncommon, with fewer than 10 cases documented to date.

Scalp Bogginess in the Presence of Lichen Planopilaris: Isolated Occurrence or Reactionary Process?

Lipedematous scalp (LS) and lipedematous alopecia (LA) are rare conditions involving focal or diffuse hyperplasia within subcutaneous adipose tissue of the scalp. Little is known regarding the etiology of these conditions, and there is no consensus on management strategies. Overall, the condition is benign and often isolated.

Stereotactic Frame-based Targeting of the Posterior Fossa: A systematic workflow for the Leksell G Frame.

Introduction Cerebellar deep brain stimulation (DBS) is gaining traction as a potential treatment for movement disorders and stroke and there is renewed interest in the cerebellum as a target for neuromodulation. Despite the safety and accuracy of frame-based approaches to the posterior fossa, unconventional stereotactic frame placement may be necessary to allow for low posterior fossa trajectories. Current literature lacks a comprehensive protocol detailing inverted frame placement and targeting.