Monitoring Influenza A (H1N1, H3N2), RSV, and SARS-CoV-2 Using Wastewater-Based Epidemiology: A 2-Year Longitudinal Study in an Indian Megacity Covering Omicron and Post-Omicron Phases.

The bourgeoning field of wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) for the surveillance of several respiratory viruses which includes Influenza A, H1N1pdm09, H3N2, respiratory syncytial viruses (RSV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is of interest for public health concerns. However, there are few long-term monitoring studies globally. In this study, respiratory viruses were detected and quantified from 11 sewer sheds by utilizing reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis in Pune city, India, from Jan 2022 to Dec 2023.

Wastewater surveillance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 in open drains of two Indian megacities captures evolutionary lineage transitions: a zonation approach.

Wastewater-based environmental surveillance (WBES) has been proven as proxy tool for monitoring nucleic acids of pathogens shed by infected population before clinical outcomes. The poor sewershed network of low to middle-income countries (LMICs) leads to most of the wastewater flow through open drains. We studied the effectiveness of WBES using open drain samples to monitor the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 variants in 2 megacities of India having dense population through zonation approach.

Dynamics of the lipid body lipidome in the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia sp.

Time-dependent changes in the lipid body (LB) lipidome of two oleaginous yeasts, Yarrowia lipolytica NCIM 3589 and Yarrowia bubula NCIM 3590 differing in growth temperature was investigated. LB size and lipid content were higher in Y. lipolytica based on microscopy, Feret, and integrated density analysis with lipid accumulation and mobilization occurring at 48 h in both strains.

A culture-independent approach, supervised machine learning, and the characterization of the microbial community composition of coastal areas across the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea.

Background: Coastal areas are subject to various anthropogenic and natural influences. In this study, we investigated and compared the characteristics of two coastal regions, Andhra Pradesh (AP) and Goa (GA), focusing on pollution, anthropogenic activities, and recreational impacts. We explored three main factors influencing the differences between these coastlines: The Bay of Bengal's shallower depth and lower salinity; upwelling phenomena due to the thermocline in the Arabian Sea; and high tides that can cause strong currents that transport pollutants and debris.

A perspective on digital health platform design and its implementation at national level.

Accessible and affordable health services and products including medicines, vaccines, and public health are an important health agenda of all countries. It is well understood that without digital health technologies, countries will face difficulties in tackling the needs and demands of their population. Global agencies including the World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations (UN), International Telecommunication Union (ITU), etc.

Apigenin and its combination with Vorinostat induces apoptotic-mediated cell death in TNBC by modulating the epigenetic and apoptotic regulators and related miRNAs.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a metastatic disease and a formidable treatment challenge as it does not respond to existing therapies. Epigenetic regulators play a crucial role in the progression and metastasis by modulating the expression of anti-apoptotic, pro-apoptotic markers and related miRNAs in TNBC cells. We have investigated the anti-TNBC potential of dietary flavonoid 'Apigenin' and its combination with Vorinostat on MDA-MB-231 cells.

Evaluation of Awareness Toward Various Treatment Options and Maintenance Practices among Removable Partial and Complete Denture Patients in Western Maharashtra - A Questionnaire-Based Study.

Introduction: Researchers must concentrate their focus on whether patients understand various treatment options available among removable complete and partial denture patients and whether they are aware of the maintenance protocol of the prosthesis.

Materials And Methods: All the patients who completed removable partial or complete denture treatment in a period of 6 months were included in the study. Collected data were statistically analyzed using Chi-square test at a significance level of < 0.

Genomic surveillance reveals early detection and transition of delta to omicron lineages of SARS-CoV-2 variants in wastewater treatment plants of Pune, India.

The COVID-19 pandemic has emphasized the urgency for rapid public health surveillance methods to detect and monitor the transmission of infectious diseases. The wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has emerged as a promising tool for proactive analysis and quantification of infectious pathogens within a population before clinical cases emerge. In the present study, we aimed to assess the trend and dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 variants using a longitudinal approach.

Extremophiles: the species that evolve and survive under hostile conditions.

Extremophiles possess unique cellular and molecular mechanisms to assist, tolerate, and sustain their lives in extreme habitats. These habitats are dominated by one or more extreme physical or chemical parameters that shape existing microbial communities and their cellular and genomic features. The diversity of extremophiles reflects a long list of adaptations over millions of years.

Mapping metabolic perturbations induced by glutathione activatable synthetic ion channels in human breast cancer cells.

Ion channels and transporters play key roles in various biological processes, including cell proliferation and programmed cell death. Recently, we reported that 2,4-dinitrobenzene-sulfonyl-protected N,N-dihexy-2-hydroxyisophthalamide (1) forms ion channels upon activation by glutathione (GSH) and results in the induction of apoptosis by depleting the intracellular GSH reservoir in cancer cells. However, the detailed molecular events leading to the induction of apoptosis by these synthetic transport systems in cancer cells still need to be uncovered.

Determinants of early initiation of breastfeeding in The Gambia: a population-based study using the 2019-2020 demographic and health survey data.

Background: Early initiation of breastfeeding within the first hour of life prevents neonatal and infant mortality. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Target 3.2 aims to reduce neonatal mortality and under 5 mortality globally.

Deciphering the melatonin-mediated response and signalling in the regulation of heavy metal stress in plants.

Melatonin has a protective effect against heavy metal stress in plants by immobilizing HM in cell walls and sequestering them in root cell vacuoles, reducing HM's translocation from roots to shoots. It enhances osmolyte production, increases antioxidant enzyme activity, and improves photosynthesis, thereby improving cellular functions. Understanding the melatonin-mediated response and signalling can sustain crop production in heavy metal-stressed soils.

Tolerance and adaptation mechanism of Solanaceous crops under salinity stress.

Solanaceous crops act as a source of food, nutrition and medicine for humans. Soil salinity is a damaging environmental stress, causing significant reductions in cultivated land area, crop productivity and quality, especially under climate change. Solanaceous crops are extremely vulnerable to salinity stress due to high water requirements during the reproductive stage and the succulent nature of fruits and tubers.

Modelling and analysis for higher education shadow institutions in Indian context: an ISM approach.

The Indian education sector is booming with increasing number of students enrolling for various educational courses for acquiring higher education. The competition for lucrative jobs adds to the pressure on students to perform in competitive exams for higher education and other skill development courses.Query As a result, students turn to Private Coaching Classes also called Shadow Education and Private Supplementary Tutoring for additional help.

In Vitro and In Silico Approaches for the Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity, Time-Kill Kinetics, and Anti-Biofilm Potential of Thymoquinone (2-Methyl-5-propan-2-ylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione) against Selected Human Pathogens.

Thymoquinone (2-methyl-5-propan-2-ylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione; TQ), a principal bioactive phytoconstituent of essential oil, has been reported to have high antimicrobial potential. Thus, the current study evaluated TQ's antimicrobial potential against a range of selected human pathogens using in vitro assays, including time-kill kinetics and anti-biofilm activity. In silico molecular docking of TQ against several antimicrobial target proteins and a detailed intermolecular interaction analysis was performed, including binding energies and docking feasibility.

Detection of Iris Presentation Attacks Using Feature Fusion of Thepade's Sorted Block Truncation Coding with Gray-Level Co-Occurrence Matrix Features.

Iris biometric detection provides contactless authentication, preventing the spread of COVID-19-like contagious diseases. However, these systems are prone to spoofing attacks attempted with the help of contact lenses, replayed video, and print attacks, making them vulnerable and unsafe. This paper proposes the iris liveness detection (ILD) method to mitigate spoofing attacks, taking global-level features of Thepade's sorted block truncation coding (TSBTC) and local-level features of the gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) of the iris image.

Label-free quantitative proteomics of Sorghum bicolor reveals the proteins strengthening plant defense against insect pest Chilo partellus.

Background: Spotted stem borer- Chilo partellus - a Lepidopteran insect pest of Sorghum bicolor is responsible for major economic losses. It is an oligophagous pest, which bores through the plant stem, causing 'deadheart' and hampering the development of the main cob. We applied a label-free quantitative proteomics approach on three genotypes of S.

Rotatory Response of Molecular Electron Momentum Densities in Linear, Homogeneous Weak Electric Fields: A Topographical Analysis.

One-electron properties for molecules such as electron density, electrostatic potential (ESP), and electron momentum density (EMD) are experimentally tractable quantities, useful in understanding chemical characteristics. In this work, effects of a uniform homogeneous external electric field on some characteristic one-electron properties of simple molecules are analyzed. EMDs and ESPs were used to understand the response of water, hydrogen fluoride, carbon monoxide, chloroacetylene, and ammonia in an electric field.

Generation and Characterization of Germline-Specific Autophagy and Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Reporters in .

Oogenesis is a fundamental process that forms the egg and, is crucial for the transmission of genetic information to the next generation. oogenesis has been used extensively as a genetically tractable model to study organogenesis, niche-germline stem cell communication, and more recently reproductive aging including germline stem cell (GSC) aging. Autophagy, a lysosome-mediated degradation process, is implicated in gametogenesis and aging.

Andrographolide enhances redox status of liver cells by regulating microRNA expression.

Andrographis paniculata Nees and its principal compound andrographolide are well known for exerting beneficial effects by modulating signaling pathways in different biological systems. Our earlier studies have demonstrated the ability of andrographolide as well as andrographolide enriched extracts to activate Nrf2/HO-1 pathway through adenosine A receptor. Present study investigated ability of andrographolide to regulate Nrf2 induced antioxidant defense systems by miRNAs using HepG2 cells.