Prolonged exposure to insulin might cause epigenetic alteration leading to insulin resistance.

Glucose homeostasis is maintained by insulin. Insulin resistance is caused by multiple factors including hereditary factors and diet. The molecular mechanism underlying insulin resistance (IR) is not completely understood.

Stem cell secretome restore the adipo-osteo differentiation imbalance in diabetic dental pulp-derived mesenchymal stem cells.

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) individuals exhibit increased adipogenesis and decreased osteogenesis. We investigated the potential of adipose tissue-derived MSCs (ADMSCs) secretome obtained from healthy individuals in restoring the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) mediated imbalance in the adipo/osteogenic differentiation in the dental pulp-derived MSCs obtained from T2DM individuals (dDPMSCs).

Methods: dDPMSCs were differentiated into adipocytes and osteocytes using a standard cocktail in the presence of (a) induction cocktail, (b) induction cocktail + TNF-α, and (c) induction cocktail+ TNF-α + ADMSCs-secretome (50%) for 15 and 21 days resp.

Copper Nanoparticles: Characterization, Synthesis, and Biological Activity - A Review.

Copper and copper-based nanoparticles, derived from the abundant and cost-effective copper metal, have garnered significant attention due to their unique properties and potential for various applications. Copper is a biogenic metal that is found in all kingdoms of life and has a variety of essential biological activities. Among the earliest metals that humanity has harvested and exploited, copper has played a crucial role in maintaining and advancing civilization since the beginning of time.

Harnessing the potential of Achromobacter sp. M1 to remediate heavy metals from wastewater: Genomic insights and environmental applications.

Lead, mercury, and cadmium are classified as toxic under the toxic Substances' Priority List by CDC-ATSDR (Center for Disease Control-Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry). This toxic trio is capable of disrupting the one-health harmony due to its human, animal, and environmental hazards. The present study aimed in removing the toxic trio within 24 h using a novel Achromobacter sp.

A one-pot synthesis of 2,3-dihydrobenzofurans, benzofuran-2(3)-ones, and indoles a [4 + 1] annulation reaction of -substituted -quinone methides and bromonitromethane.

Under mild and metal-free reaction conditions, a facile one-pot synthesis of oxygen- and nitrogen-containing benzoheterocycles has been achieved through [4 + 1] annulation of -quinone methides, followed by an oxidation/elimination sequence, efficiently synthesizing functionalized 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran, benzofuran-2(3)-one, and indole derivatives in moderate to good yields (up to 72%). A novel functional group tolerant oxidative Nef reaction utilizes DDQ without a base.

In vitro cytotoxicity assessment of biosynthesized Apis mellifera bee venom nanoparticles (BVNPs) against MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines.

In this work, we reported the synthesis of honey bee (Apis mellifera) venom-derived nanoparticles via a hydrothermal method. This method not only ensures the preservation of the bee venom's bioactive components but also enhances their potential stability, thus broadening the scope for their applications in the biomedicinal field. The synthesis method started with the homogenization suspension of bee venom, followed by its hydrothermal process to synthesize bee venom nanoparticles (BVNPs).

Structural insights into the initiation of free radical formation in the Class Ib ribonucleotide reductases in Mycobacteria.

Class I ribonucleotide reductases consisting of α and β subunits convert ribonucleoside diphosphates to deoxyribonucleoside diphosphates involving an intricate free radical mechanism. The generation of free radicals in the Class Ib ribonucleotide reductases is mediated by di-manganese ions in the β subunits and is externally assisted by flavodoxin-like NrdI subunit. This is unlike Class Ia ribonucleotide reductases, where the free radical generation is initiated at its di-iron centre in the β subunits with no external support from another subunit.

Integrated approaches for plastic waste management.

Plastic pollution is the challenging problem of the world due to usage of plastic in daily life. Plastic is essential for packaging food and other goods and utensils to avoid the risk of microbial attack. Due to its hydrophobic nature, it is used for wrapping as laminates or packaging liquid substances in pouches and sachets.

Chitosan-thiourea and their derivatives: Applications and action mechanisms for imparting drought tolerance.

The increasing abiotic stresses from changing global climatic conditions, including drought, extreme temperatures, salinity, storms, pollutants, and floods, impend crop cultivation and sustainability. To mitigate these effects, numerous synthetic and non-synthetic chemicals or plant growth regulators are in practice. Chitosan, a natural organic substance rich in nitrogen and carbon, and thiourea, a synthetic plant growth regulator containing sulfur and nitrogen, have garnered significant interest for their roles in enhancing plant stress tolerance.

Regional variation in prevalence of frailty in India: Evidence from longitudinal ageing study in India (LASI) wave-1.

Background & objectives Frailty is a geriatric syndrome with clinical and public health implications. It represents the state of increased vulnerability. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of frailty and pre-frailty by demographic characteristics and geographical regions in India.

Rapid evolution leads to extensive genetic diversification of cattle flu Influenza D virus.

Influenza D virus (IDV), the cattle flu virus, is a novel multi-host RNA virus, circulating silently worldwide, with widespread seropositivity among US cattle, reaching up to 80% in some areas raising a potential threat of cattle-to-human transmission. Currently, five genetic lineages of IDV have been described, but their evolutionary dynamics have not been studied. Although IDV was first identified in 2011, our comprehensive analysis of all known IDV genomes suggests that the earliest ancestors of IDV likely to have evolved towards the end of the 20 century and D/OK lineage appears to have emerged in 2005.

Assessment of Vitamin D Status, its Determinants and Relationship with Bone Health in Indian Children and Young Adults with Type-1 Diabetes.

Introduction: Recent evidence suggests that vitamin D deficiency and type-1 diabetes (T1D) have a bidirectional cause-effect relationship. The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence and determinants of vitamin D deficiency in Indian children and young adults with T1D and assess the relationship between vitamin D status and their bone health.

Methods: It was a single-centre, cross-sectional study.

Lead-Free CsAgBiCl Double Perovskite: Experimental and Theoretical Insights into the Self-Trapping for Optoelectronic Applications.

Lead-free double perovskites (DPs) will emerge as viable and environmentally safe substitutes for Pb-halide perovskites, demonstrating stability and nontoxicity if their optoelectronic property is greatly improved. Doping has been experimentally validated as a powerful tool for enhancing optoelectronic properties and concurrently reducing the defect state density in DP materials. Fundamental understanding of the optical properties of DPs, particularly the self-trapped exciton (STEs) dynamics, plays a critical role in a range of optoelectronic applications.

Air pollution, dysbiosis and diseases: pneumonia, asthma, COPD, lung cancer and irritable bowel syndrome.

With substantial effects on human health, air pollution has become a major global concern. Air pollution has been linked to numerous gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases with increasing mortalities. The gut and respiratory dysbiosis brought about by air pollution has recently received much attention.

Strain-Dependent Adhesion Variations of Isolated from Healthy Human Volunteers: A Study on Cell Surface Properties and Potential Probiotic Benefits.

The probiotic potential of is widely recognized, but little is known about its adhesive properties. Hence, this study aims to investigate the adhesion potential and cell surface properties of four human-origin strains (B619/R, B603/Nb, B106, and B637/Nm). We evaluated epithelial adhesion, Extracellular Matrix (ECM) binding, aggregation ability, and cell surface hydrophobicity and used genome analysis for validation.

Metabolic perturbations associated with hIAPP-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscles: Implications to the development of type 2 diabetes.

The human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) tends to misfold and self-assemble to form amyloid fibrils, which has been associated with the loss of function and viability of pancreatic β-cells in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The role of hIAPP in the development of insulin resistance (a hallmark of T2DM) in skeletal muscles - the major sites for glucose utilization - needs further investigation. Even though, insulin-resistant conditions have been known to stimulate hIAPP aggregation, the events that lead to the development of insulin resistance due to hIAPP aggregation in skeletal muscles remain unidentified.

Impact of singular versus combinatorial environmental stress on RONS generation in larvae.

We investigated environmentally correlated abiotic stressor desiccation (D), heat (H), and starvation (S) in the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) using larvae as an experimental model, subjected to either individual stressors or exposed to a combinatorial form of stressors (D + H, H + S, and D + S). The study was also extended to find synergistic endpoints where the impacts of all three stressors (D + H + S) were exerted simultaneously. We estimated the lethal time (LT) at specific doses using regression and probit analyses based on the larval survival.

Sodium stress-induced oxidative damage and antioxidant responses during grain filling in Indica rice.

Sodium treatment caused the sodium ion accumulation at the milk stage of immature rice grains which in turn triggered the overproduction of reactive oxygen species and oxidative damage. The tolerant cultivar showed an enhanced antioxidative response and induced expressions of OsNHX and OsHKT ion-transporters. Sodium chloride-(NaCl) induced soil salinity is a major constraint hindering global rice production.

Insights into the biodegradation of polyhydroxyalkanoates by the tropical marine isolate, NCIM 5124.

Unlabelled: In the current study, the ability of an indigenous marine Actinomycete (NCIM 5124) to degrade poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-PHB was examined. From the whole genome sequencing data of the organism, information regarding the PHB depolymerase gene and amino acid sequence (Accession number: MCK9871921.1) was retrieved.