Patterns and trends in burden of asthma and its attributable risk factors from 1990 to 2021 among south Asian countries: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Objective: Asthma poses a significant health burden in South Asia, with increasing incidence and mortality despite a global decline in age-standardized prevalence rates. This study aims to analyze asthma trends from 1990 to 2021, focusing on prevalence, incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) across South Asia. The study also assesses the impact of risk factors like high body mass index (BMI), smoking, and occupational exposures on asthma outcomes.

Green Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles Using Ficus benghalensis for Visible Light-Driven Photocatalytic Degradation of Crystal Violet and Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities.

Crystal Violet (CV) is a vibrant and harmful dye known for its toxicity to aquatic life and potential carcinogenic effects on humans. This study explores the removal of CV through photocatalysis driven by visible light, as well as examining the antibacterial and antibiofilm characteristics of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) synthesized from the aerial roots of Ficus benghalensis. Various characterization techniques were employed to confirm the optical properties, crystal lattices, and morphology of ZnO NPs.

Engineering geological evaluation of Bowa Dayole dam site, North Shewa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia.

Developing nations like Ethiopia face food and water shortages due to weather and droughts. The Bowa Dayole masonry gravity dam is expected to irrigate farmland downstream. Despite this, the engineering geology is complicated by the presence of highly fractured and weathered aphanitic basaltic rock, along with a weak unwelded to welded tuff rock mass in the dam foundation.

Burden of rheumatic diseases among people with diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) is a prevalent metabolic condition affecting over 500 million people globally and associated with serious comorbidities, including various rheumatologic conditions. Some studies have reported a significant association between rheumatological conditions and DM2. However, the global burden of rheumatological conditions among people with DM2 remains unknown.

Effect of the maternal sleep disturbances and obstructive sleep apnea on feto-placental Doppler: A systematic review.

Literature evidenced an association of maternal sleep disturbances and maternal obstructive sleep apnea with significant obstetric complications. Moreover, the maternal sleep disturbances effect on feto-placental circulation had not been extensively examined. Our objective is to explore the possible maternal sleep disturbances impact on the feto-placental indices evaluated through the Doppler study.

Bifunctional NiCo-CuO Nanostructures: A Promising Catalyst for Energy Conversion and Storage.

This investigation explores the potential of co-incorporating nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co) into copper oxide (CuO) nanostructures for bifunctional electrochemical charge storage and oxygen evolution reactions (OER). A facile wet chemical synthesis method is employed to co-incorporate Ni and Co into CuO, yielding diverse nanostructured morphologies, including rods, spheres, and flake. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman analyses confirmed the formation of NiCo-CuO nanostructure, with minor phases of nickel oxide (NiO) and cobalt tetraoxide (CoO).

Gelatin/PLA-loaded gold nanocomposites synthesis using Syzygium cumini fruit extract and their antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and anti-Alzheimer's activities.

Nanotechnology has experienced significant advancements, attracting considerable attention in various biomedical applications. This innovative study synthesizes and characterizes Ge/PLA/AuNCs (gelatin/PLA/gold nanocomposites) using Syzygium cumini extract to evaluate their various biomedical applications. The UV-Visible spectroscopy results in an absorption peak at 534 nm were primarily confirmed by Ge/PLA/AuNCs synthesis.

Green Synthesis of Eosin-Y Coated Silver Nanoparticles for Sensitive and Selective Fluorometric Detection of L-Dopa.

This study is to produce biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by utilizing aqueous extracts derived from Turnera Sublata (TS) leaves under visible light. Subsequently, these nanoparticles are coated with eosin-yellow (EY) to enhance sensitivity and selectivity in L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa) detection. This method encompasses the deposition of metal onto the Ag NPs, resulting in the formation of EY-AgNPs.

Effect of Fibrates on Lipoprotein-associated Phospholipase A2 Mass and Activity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Controlled Clinical Trials.

Background: In vascular tissue, macrophages and inflammatory cells produce the enzyme lipoprotein- associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2). Treatment with fibrates decreases Lp-PLA2 levels in individuals with obesity and metabolic syndrome; however, these findings have not been fully clarified.

Objective: The goal of this study was to investigate the possible effects of fibrate therapy on Lp-PLA2 mass and activity through a meta-analysis of clinical trials.

Enhancing glaucoma diagnosis: Generative adversarial networks in synthesized imagery and classification with pretrained MobileNetV2.

The disease affects the optic nerve and represents the principle reasons of irreversible vision loss, mostly asymptomatic and uncontrolled. Consequently, early and accurate diagnosis is critical to prevent or reduce its effect, however, conventional diagnostic techniques often fail to provide concrete results. In this regard, we present a new approach built on Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) and MobileNetV2 pretrained architecture for diagnosing glaucoma.

Novel ionic liquid-infused PVA-based anion exchange membranes boosting bioelectricity yield from microbial fuel cells.

The goal of this research is to develop and characterize low-cost NHI doped polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-4-ethyl-4-methylmorpholiniumbromide (ionic liquid) anion exchange membranes (AEM) and its application for membrane cathode assembly. Physical characterization like FTIR, POM, and XRD notified the functional groups, basic structure, and amorphosity of the produced membrane, and it was employed in single-chambered microbial fuel cells (sMFCs) as a separator. The membranes in terms of oxygen diffusion, proton conductivity, and ion exchange capabilities were evaluated.

Utilization of refuse-derived fuel in industrial applications: Insights from Uttar Pradesh, India.

Urbanization and population growth in India have quickened, leading to an annual generation of around 62 million tonnes of municipal solid waste (MSW). Improper management of organic waste presents a major environmental problem due to air and water pollution, soil contamination and greenhouse gas production. This research aims to develop refuse-derived fuel (RDF) as a viable option, converting waste into a high-calorific energy carrier for industrial use.

The role of GATA4 in mesenchymal stem cell senescence: A new frontier in regenerative medicine.

The Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) is a multipotent progenitor cell with known differentiation potential towards various cell lineage, making it an appealing candidate for regenerative medicine. One major contributing factor to age-related MSC dysfunction is cellular senescence, which is the hallmark of relatively irreversible growth arrest and changes in functional properties. GATA4, a zinc-finger transcription factor, emerges as a critical regulator in MSC biology.

Rituximab (monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody) induced posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES): A case report and literature review.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is an uncommon neurological condition characterized by reversible subcortical vasogenic edema that primarily affects the posterior areas of the brain. Subcortical vasogenic edema resulting from endothelial injury and hypertension is the pathogenesis. Here, we present a 23-year-old female patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis who developed PRES following Rituximab (a monoclonal anti-CD-20 antibody) administration.

Membrana preformativa: Unveiling the unexplored facets of dental development.

Aim: Odontogenesis is a complex and highly regulated biological process that involves a range of molecular mechanisms. Among these, Ki67 and Cyclin D1 are crucial cell cycle regulators that play pivotal roles in controlling cell proliferation during tooth development. This study aims to provide detailed insights into the expression patterns and functional significance of Ki67 and Cyclin D1 in tooth development.

Comprehensive characterization of tobacco-induced changes in enamel surface topography.

Introduction: Enamel translucency, essential for the aesthetic appeal of teeth, is primarily determined by its thickness, quality, and refractive index. Several factors, including age, genetics, diet, oral hygiene practices, fluoride exposure, and acidic challenges, can influence enamel translucency. Tobacco use, in particular, leads to significant alterations in enamel appearance by penetrating its micropores, causing yellowing and browning.

Innovative applications of MXenes in dialysis: enhancing filtration efficiency.

MXenes, a family of two-dimensional transition metal carbides and nitrides, exhibit exceptional properties such as high electrical conductivity, large surface area, and chemical versatility, making them ideal candidates for various dialysis applications. One prominent application of MXenes lies in the efficient removal of toxic metals and harmful dyes from wastewater. Their unique structure allows for rapid adsorption and selective separation, significantly improving purification processes.

Variational graph autoencoder for reconstructed transcriptomic data associated with NLRP3 mediated pyroptosis in periodontitis.

The NLRP3 inflammasome, regulated by TLR4, plays a pivotal role in periodontitis by mediating inflammatory cytokine release and bone loss induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis. Periodontal disease creates a hypoxic environment, favoring anaerobic bacteria survival and exacerbating inflammation. The NLRP3 inflammasome triggers pyroptosis, a programmed cell death that amplifies inflammation and tissue damage.

Bougainvillea glabra-mediated synthesis of Zr₃O and chitosan-coated zirconium oxide nanoparticles: Multifunctional antibacterial and anticancer agents with enhanced biocompatibility.

The effectiveness and safety of nanomaterials (NMs) are essential for their use in healthcare. This study focuses on creating NPs with multifunctional antibacterial and anticancer properties to combat bacterial infections and cancer disease more effectively than traditional antibiotics. This study investigates the synthesis of ZrO and chitosan (ch) coated zirconium oxide nanoparticles (chZrO NPs) using Bougainvillea glabra (B.