Exosome-mediated delivery of CRISPR-Cas9: A revolutionary approach to cancer gene editing.

Several molecular strategies based on targeted gene delivery systems have been developed in recent years; however, the CRISPR-Cas9 technology introduced a new era of targeted gene editing, precisely modifying oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and other regulatory genes involved in carcinogenesis. However, efficiently and safely delivering CRISPR-Cas9 to cancer cells across the cell membrane and the nucleus is still challenging. Using viral vectors and nanoparticles presents issues of immunogenicity, off-target effects, and low targeting affinity.

Effectiveness of Tecovirimat in Mpox Cases: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence.

Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, has re-emerged as a significant global health concern, particularly during the widespread outbreak of 2022. As an orthopoxvirus related to the eradicated smallpox virus, mpox has been primarily managed with smallpox vaccines and treatments, including the antiviral agent Tecovirimat. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Tecovirimat in treating mpox, focusing on its use during the 2022 outbreak, especially among high-risk populations, including men who have sex with men and people living with HIV.

Liquid biopsies and exosomal ncRNA: Transforming pancreatic cancer diagnostics and therapeutics.

Pancreatic cancer is a highly fatal malignancy due to poor early detection rate and resistance to conventional therapies. This review examines the potential for liquid biopsy as a transformative technology to identify diagnostic and therapeutic targets in pancreatic cancer. Specifically, we explore emerging biomarkers such as exosomal non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), and circulating tumor cells (CTCs).

Environmental performance improvement of ammonium hydroxide-diesel blends via carbon nanotube catalysis and electrostatic nanoparticle filtration.

This study explores the integration of ammonium hydroxide with diesel fuel, focusing on enhancing combustion efficiency and reducing emissions. The research addresses the challenge of ammonia's high activation energy during decomposition by introducing a carbon nanotube catalyst, which significantly improves catalytic performance. Additionally, an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) was developed to capture nanoparticles from engine exhaust, preventing their release into the atmosphere.

Recent advances in stem cell therapy: efficacy, ethics, safety concerns, and future directions focusing on neurodegenerative disorders - a review.

Neurodegeneration refers to the gradual loss of neurons and extensive changes in glial cells like tau inclusions in astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, α-synuclein inclusions in oligodendrocytes and SOD1 aggregates in astrocytes along with deterioration in the motor, cognition, learning, and behavior. Common neurodegenerative disorders are Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's disease (HD), spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA), and supranuclear palsy. There is a lack of effective treatment for neurodegenerative diseases, and scientists are putting their efforts into developing therapies against them.

Coleus vettiveroides Root Extract Protects Against Thioacetamide-Induced Chronic Liver Injury by Inhibiting NF-κB Signaling Pathway.

The roots of Coleus vettiveroides (CV) have been traditionally used in Indian medicinal systems such as Ayurveda and Siddha for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic effects. This study examines the antifibrotic potential of CV ethanolic root extract (CVERE) against thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver fibrosis in Wistar rats. TAA was administered via i.

Biogenesis and functional implications of extracellular vesicles in cancer metastasis.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role in the complex process of cancer metastasis by facilitating cellular communication and influencing the microenvironment to promote the spread and establishment of cancer cells in distant locations. This paper explores the process of EV biogenesis, explaining their various sources that range from endosomal compartments to plasma membrane shedding. It also discusses the complex mechanisms that control the sorting of cargo within EVs, determining their chemical makeup.

Histopathological Assessment of Tricalcium Aluminate-free Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and Two Antibacterial Enhanced Mineral Trioxide Aggregates As Pulpotomy Agents in Rat Model.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of a newly developed MTA-based material and two antibacterial-enhanced MTAs as pulp capping materials in immature permanent dental elements underwent full pulpotomy.

Methods: The present animal study included 20 Wistar albino rats that, after full pulpotomy, were randomly divided into 4 groups receiving different MTA formulations as pulp capping materials: conventional MTA, Tricalcium aluminate (TCA)- free MTA, and MTA enhanced with metronidazole or doxycycline. Histopathological assessments were carried out at 7- and 28-days post-treatment to evaluate dentinal bridge formation, inflammatory reactions, pulp tissue necrosis and internal resorption.

In Vitro Evaluation of Bacterial Adhesion of Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis on Sand-Blasted, Acid-Etched, and Anodized Titanium Dental Implants.

Although the surface modifications of the implant have been widely proposed to enhance the osseointegration, their impact on microbial adhesion is still not explored. The present in vitro study was done to compare the bacterial adhesion of S. mutans and Enterococcus faecalis on sand-blasted acid-etched and anodized titanium dental implants.

Classifying Alzheimer's Disease Using a Finite Basis Physics Neural Network.

The disease amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, synaptic dysfunction, and neuronal death gradually accumulate throughout Alzheimer's disease (AD), resulting in cognitive decline and functional disability. The challenges of dataset quality, interpretability, ethical integration, population variety, and picture standardization must be addressed using deep learning for the functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) classification of AD in order to guarantee a trustworthy and practical therapeutic application. In this manuscript Classifying AD using a finite basis physics neural network (CAD-FBPINN) is proposed.

The role of combined problem-based learning (PBL) and case-based learning (CBL) teaching methodologies in dental education.

Background: Innovative methods of teaching such as problem-based learning (PBL) and case-based learning (CBL) have shown promising results in academic understanding and application and enable one to manage their patients in a better manner. The study aimed to analyze the role of a combination of PBL and CBL teaching methodologies in a dental teaching institute in India.

Materials And Methods: This prospective, cross-sectional randomized study comprised 500 students divided into two study groups, each consisting of 250 participants.

Burden of neurologic diseases in BRICS countries (1990 to 2021): an analysis of 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study.

Background: Neurological disorders are a major global health concern, especially in BRICS nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa), where demographic and socio-economic changes have amplified their impact. This study evaluates trends in incidence, prevalence, mortality, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) associated with neurological diseases in these countries from 1990 to 2021, focusing on sex disparities and key risk factors.

Methods: Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database.

Spatial analysis and mapping of malaria risk areas using geospatial technology in the case of Nekemte City, western Ethiopia.

Background: Malaria is a major public health issue in Nekemte City, western Ethiopia, with various environmental and social factors influencing transmission patterns. Effective control and prevention strategies require precise identification of high-risk areas. This study aims to map malaria risk zones in Nekemte City using geospatial technologies, including remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS), to support targeted interventions and resource allocation.

Assessing correlation between different temporary restorative materials for microleakage following endodontic treatment: an in-vitro study.

Background: Coronal microleakage, the passage of fluids and bacteria through the interface between the temporary restoration and the tooth structure, can potentially result in endodontic treatment failure.

Purpose: This study evaluated and compared the sealing efficacy of various temporary restorative materials utilized during endodontic procedures.

Methods: All seventy premolar teeth were extracted, measured, and restored, except for the negative control group, where the teeth were left whole.

Stem cell transplantation therapy for advanced liver damage-associated neurodegenerative disorders.

Hepatic encephalopathy and other neurodegenerative disorders have profound implications for extensive liver impairment, calling for new ways of treating the condition. The application of stem cell transplantation to treat these severe disorders is a new and encouraging technique. This review article digs deep into the subject of stem cell transplantation therapy, neurodegenerative disorders associated with advanced liver damage, and liver transplantation.

Impact of Sensitizer Yb on Structural and Optical Properties of AESiO (AE = Ba, Ca, Sr) Orthosilicates.

In the present work, BaSrSiO: Yb and CaSrSiO: Yb (Yb = 0 mol %, 1 mol %, 2 mol % and 3 mol %) nanophosphors were synthesized using the co-precipitation method, and their comparative structural and optical properties were studied to demonstrate the effect of Yb ion on the characteristic properties of the prepared nanophosphors. The powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) patterns of BaSrSiO:Yb and CaSrSiO:Yb suggest the formation of a single-phase orthorhombic structure with space groups Pbnm and Pna21, respectively. The Raman shifts in BaSrSiO (BSS) and CaSrSiO (CSS) indicate out-of-phase bending of Sr-O and symmetric stretching of Si-O.

Tetracarpidium conophorum nuts (African walnuts) up-regulated adiponectin and PPAR-γ expressions with reciprocal suppression of TNF-α gene in obesity.

Tetracarpidium conophorum nuts are nutrient-dense Nigerian snacks associated with weight regulation. This study explores the nuts' impact on adipose tissue gene expression associated with low-grade inflammation. Ethanol whole extract (EWE), ethyl-acetate fraction (EAF) and the resulting residue (RES) were orally administered once daily to MSG-induced obese rats for 6 weeks (n = 6).

Combined and isolated effects of workstation ergonomics and physiotherapy in improving cervicogenic headache and work ability in office workers: a single-blinded, randomized controlled study.

Objective: The objective of the study is to compare and investigate the combined and individual effects of workstation ergonomics, physiotherapy and patient education in improving CgH headaches and work ability in office workers.

Methods: 96 eligible CgH participants were divided into the ergonomics modifications group (EMG;  = 24), physiotherapy group (PTG;  = 24), and ergonomics modifications combined with physiotherapy group (EPG;  = 24) and education control group (CNG;  = 24), the participants received the respective treatment for 4 weeks. Primary (CgH frequency) and secondary (CgH pain intensity, CgH disability, flexion rotation test (right and left), neck disability index and work ability) scores were measured.

The effect of fabrication procedures and thermomechanical loading on the structural properties of screw-retained metal-ceramic implant restorations: An in vitro study.

Purpose: Metal-ceramic screw-retained implant restorations persist as a fundamental choice in specific clinical scenarios. Little is known about the effects of fabrication steps and aging on their structural properties. This study aimed to investigate how laboratory fabrication procedures and thermomechanical loading affect the structural properties of screw-retained metal-ceramic implant restorations.

Effect of statins on arterial wall inflammation as assessed by 18F-FDG PET CT: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is largely mediated by inflammatory process. Statins are lipid-lowering drugs which also have anti-inflammatory effects. 18 fluorine radiolabeled fluorodeoxyglucose (18 F-FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) is considered to be a good indicator of arterial wall inflammation.

Regulatory effects of statins on CCL2/CCR2 axis in cardiovascular diseases: new insight into pleiotropic effects of statins.

Background: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors are well-known medications in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders due to their pleiotropic and lipid-lowering properties. Herein, we reviewed the effects of statins on the CCL2/CCR2 axis.

Method: Scopus and Pubmed databases were systematically searched using the following keywords:" Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductase Inhibitors"," HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors"," Statins", "CCL2, Chemokine", "Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1" and "Chemokine (C-C Motif) Ligand 2".