Organic manure and fertilizer N management strategies improve soil health at different growth stages of pearl millet under pearl millet-wheat sequence.

Background: Incorporating organic manure improves soil properties and crop productivity. A long-term study started in October 1967 examined the effects of farmyard manure and nitrogen fertilization on the soil at key growth stages of pearl millet in a pearl millet-wheat cropping system over its 51st cycle.

Results: Applying 15 Mg of farmyard manure (FYM) per hectare in both growing seasons significantly boosted soil organic carbon (SOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and key nutrients compared to one-season application.

Nutraceutical Impact of Pumpkin Seed Oil on Expression Levels of EZH-2 and KRT-14 Genes against DSS-induced Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the Rat Model.

Inflammatory bowel disease is a collection of intestinal disorders that cause inflammation in the digestive tract. Prolonged inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract is a major risk factor for colorectal cancer. The objective of this study was to fucus on gene expression levels of (KRT-14; associated with epithelial cell integrity) and enhancer of zeste homolog-1 (EZH-2; involved in cellular proliferation) in a IBD rat model in order to rule out impact of nutraceuticals (pumpkin seed oil; PSO) as a complementary approach to conventional treatments of IBD.

Capsule network approach for monkeypox (CAPSMON) detection and subclassification in medical imaging system.

In response to the pressing need for the detection of Monkeypox caused by the Monkeypox virus (MPXV), this study introduces the Enhanced Spatial-Awareness Capsule Network (ESACN), a Capsule Network architecture designed for the precise multi-class classification of dermatological images. Addressing the shortcomings of traditional Machine Learning and Deep Learning models, our ESACN model utilizes the dynamic routing and spatial hierarchy capabilities of CapsNets to differentiate complex patterns such as those seen in monkeypox, chickenpox, measles, and normal skin presentations. CapsNets' inherent ability to recognize and process crucial spatial relationships within images outperforms conventional CNNs, particularly in tasks that require the distinction of visually similar classes.

Empowering wastewater treatment with step scheme heterojunction ternary nanocomposites for photocatalytic degradation of nitrophenol.

The ongoing challenge of water pollution necessitates innovative approaches to remove organic contaminants from wastewater. In this work, new two-dimensional S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts BiO/CdS and MoS/BiO/CdS that are intended for the effective photocatalytic destruction of 4-nitrophenol, a dangerous organic pollutant, are synthesized and characterized. Utilizing a solvothermal method, successfully generated these ternary nanocomposites, which were characterized through various techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), high resolution transmission electronmicroscopy (HRTEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Telle (BET) and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS).

Distinct relative abundances in pathogens detected in mechanically ventilated patients with suspected pneumonia in the intensive care unit at King Abdulaziz University Hospital.

In this study, we present for the first time the landscape of the lung microbiota in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia in Intensive Care Units in Saudi Arabia. DNA from 83 deep endotracheal aspirate lung samples was subjected to PacBio sequencing to identify pathogens in comparison with conventional diagnostic techniques. Patients on ventilation with pneumonia presented with similar lung flora to those of patients on ventilation without pneumonia.

Digital transformation project risks assessment using hybrid picture fuzzy distance measure-based additive ratio assessment method.

Digital transformation (DT) has become vital for companies trying to remain competitive in the recent ever-changing technological environment. DT is the integration of digital technologies into all disciplines of business from regular activities to strategic decision making. Risk management planning requires projects to assess possible risks that may negatively or positively affect a DT project.

Skeletal progenitor LRP1 deficiency causes severe and persistent skeletal defects with Wnt pathway dysregulation.

Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is a multifunctional endocytic receptor whose dysfunction is linked to developmental dysplasia of the hip, osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Our work addresses the critical question of how these skeletal pathologies emerge. Here, we show the abundant expression of LRP1 in skeletal progenitor cells at mouse embryonic stage E10.

Potential of carbon micro/nanofibers derived from lignocellulose biomass valorisation for CO adsorption: A review on decarbonization biotechnology for climate change solutions.

Biomass, as a source of lignocellulose, can be valorized into carbon micro/nanofibers for adsorbing greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions, especially CO. This article is derived from systematic evidence evaluation of published studies, presenting new, innovative, and systemic approaches to lignocellulose-based carbon micro/nanofiber studies. The review covers a general overview of carbon micro/nanofiber studies, mapping chronicles of the studies, carbon micro/nanofiber types for CO uptake, carbon micro/nanofibers fabrication and characterization, obtained carbonaceous material activation and performances, regulatory frameworks, and sustainability.

Chronic stress-induced neuroplasticity in the prefrontal cortex: Structural, functional, and molecular mechanisms from development to aging.

Chronic stress profoundly affects the structure and function of the prefrontal cortex (PFC), a brain region critical for executive functions and emotional regulation. This review synthesizes current knowledge on stress-induced PFC plasticity, encompassing structural, functional, and molecular changes. We examine how chronic stress leads to dendritic atrophy, spine loss, and alterations in neuronal connectivity within the PFC, particularly affecting the medial PFC.

Edaphic factors mediate the response of nitrogen cycling and related enzymatic activities and functional genes to heavy metals: A review.

Soil nitrogen (N) transformations control N availability and plant production and pose environmental concerns when N is lost, raising issues such as soil acidification, water contamination, and climate change. Former studies suggested that soil N cycling is chiefly regulated by microbial activity; however, emerging evidence indicates that this regulation is disrupted by heavy metal (HM) contamination, which alters microbial communities and enzyme functions critical to N transformations. Environmental factors like soil organic carbon, soil texture, water content, temperature, soil pH, N fertilization, and redox status play significant roles in modulating the response of soil N cycling to HM contamination.

Impact of smoking on oral mucosa: A cytological and cellular proliferation study.

Background: Cigarette smoking is known to induce various cellular changes and proliferative activities within the oral mucosa. This study compares the effects of smoking on cellular proliferation and cytological alterations using the AgNORs and Pap staining methods.

Methods: We performed statistical analyses to evaluate the mean AgNORs count in smokers and non- smokers.

Revealing the enhanced role of hydroxylamine and bimetals in the CuFeO/PMS/HA system towards effective degradation of organic contaminants.

In this study, a hydroxylamine (HA)-enhanced magnetic spinel catalyst CuFeO-activated peroxymonosulfate (PMS) system (CuFeO/PMS/HA) was constructed to degrade Sulfamethoxazole (SMX). Results from experiments and theoretical calculations indicated that active species generation mechanism involved the direct activation of PMS by HA, the redox cycles acceleration on the surface of CuFeO by HA, and the synergistic action of the low valence Fe and Cu species in CuFeO for PMS activation. The efficacy of other organic pollutants removal was further validated in bio-treated landfill leachate through removal performance and toxicity assessment.

Unravelling the moderating roles of environmental regulations on the impact of foreign direct investment on environmental sustainability.

In the era of economic globalization, China attracts significant foreign direct investment (FDI) to accelerate economic prosperity. FDI inflows could have ramifications on environmental degradation (ED) despite the enactment of different environmental regulations (ERs) such as market-incentive, command-and-control as well as informal regulations. Though some studies have shown that FDI and ED have significant relationship, the moderating roles of different ERs on the environmental impact of FDI has not been empirically unraveled.

Immune checkpoint expression and therapeutic implications in IDH1-mutant and wild-type glioblastomas.

Programmed cell death protein 1 (PDCD1) and cluster of differentiation 274 (CD274) expression is implicated in escaping tumors from immune surveillance. Immune checkpoint inhibitors show promise in cancer therapy, yet their efficacy in glioblastomas, particularly with IDH1 mutations, remains unclear. This study analyzed two independent NGS datasets (n = 577 and n = 153) from TCGA to investigate the expression of PDCD1 and CD274 in glioblastomas and their relationship with IDH1 mutations.

Radiation dose assessment and establishment of diagnostic reference levels for MDP Tc-99m bone scans: A multi-hospital study in Saudi Arabia.

Background: Bone scans using technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) are widely used in nuclear medicine for diagnosing various bone disorders. However, the radiation exposure associated with these procedures necessitates careful consideration and optimization.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate radiation doses in terms of Effective Dose (ED) and establish Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs) for 99mTc-MDP bone scans in Saudi Arabia.

Distress and coping mechanisms among people with diabetes: cross-sectional assessment from an NCD screening clinic of a tertiary care hospital in North India.

Background: Of the numerous complications encountered by people with diabetes (PWD), the effect on mental health is concerning. Within mental health, diabetes distress (DD) occurs when a patient has unfavourable emotional stress while managing their condition, which can be managed by coping strategies but are less studied together in Indian settings. So, the present study aimed to determine the proportion of DD and associated factors and coping skills among the PWD.

Non-thermal atmospheric plasma treatments enhance the growth, photosynthesis, metabolite accumulation, and nutritional value of geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L'Herit) leaves.

This study investigated the effects of non-thermal atmospheric plasma (NTAP) treatment on the growth, chemical composition, and biological activity of geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L'Herit) leaves. NTAP was applied at a frequency of 13.56 MHz, exposure time of 15 s, discharge temperature of 25 °C, and power levels (T1 = 50, T2 = 80, and T3 = 120 W).

Application of artificial intelligence in nursing practice: a qualitative study of Jordanian nurses' perspectives.

Background: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly applied in healthcare to boost productivity, reduce administrative workloads, and improve patient outcomes. In nursing, AI offers both opportunities and challenges. This study explores nurses' perspectives on implementing AI in nursing practice within the context of Jordan, focusing on the perceived benefits and concerns related to its integration.

Predicting land use and land cover changes for sustainable land management using CA-Markov modelling and GIS techniques.

This study addresses the significant issue of rapid land use and land cover (LULC) changes in Lahore District, which is critical for supporting ecological management and sustainable land-use planning. Understanding these changes is crucial for mitigating adverse environmental impacts and promoting sustainable development. The main goal is to evaluate historical LULC changes from 1994 to 2024 and forecast future trends for 2034 and 2044 utilizing the CA-Markov hybrid model combined with GIS methodologies.

Balloon-assisted placement of rib graft in endoscopic posterior cricoid split; a new technique.

Objective: This study aims to compare the outcomes of balloon-assisted rib graft placement with traditional graft placement in Endoscopic Posterior Cricoid Split with Rib Graft Placement (EPCS/RG).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 23 patients who underwent EPCS/RG by a single senior surgeon at King Saud University Medical City from 2017 to 2024. Data were collected on demographics, surgical approach, and operative time.

Foliar application of nano biochar solution elevates tomato productivity by counteracting the effect of salt stress insights into morphological physiological and biochemical indices.

Nano-biochar considers a versatile and valuable sorbent to enhance plant productivity by improving soil environment and emerged as a novel solution for environmental remediation and sustainable agriculture in modern era. In this study, roles of foliar applied nanobiochar colloidal solution (NBS) on salt stressed tomato plants were investigated. For this purpose, NBS was applied (0%, 1% 3% and 5%) on two groups of plants (control 0 mM and salt stress 60 mM).

Controlling the energies of the single-rotor large wind turbine system using a new controller.

In wind energy generation systems, ensuring high energy quality is critical but is often compromised due to the limited performance and durability of conventional regulators. To address this, this work presents a novel controller for managing the machine-side inverter of a single-rotor large wind turbine system using an induction machine-type generator. The proposed controller is designed using proportional, integral, and derivative error-based mechanisms, which fundamentally differ from traditional proportional-integral (PI) regulators.

Leveraging two-dimensional pre-trained vision transformers for three-dimensional model generation via masked autoencoders.

Although the Transformer architecture has established itself as the industry standard for jobs involving natural language processing, it still has few uses in computer vision. In vision, attention is used in conjunction with convolutional networks or to replace individual convolutional network elements while preserving the overall network design. Differences between the two domains, such as significant variations in the scale of visual things and the higher granularity of pixels in images compared to words in the text, make it difficult to transfer Transformer from language to vision.