Enteral Nutrition Practices and Complications in ICU Settings: A Cross-Sectional Study of Healthcare Professionals' Perspectives in Saudi Arabia.

Background: Enteral Nutrition (EN) is the preferred method for providing nutritional support in intensive care units (ICUs) compared to parenteral nutrition (PN) due to its physiological advantages, safety profile, and cost-effectiveness compared to parenteral nutrition (PN). However, evidence suggests that EN might be associated with some complications. In this study, we aimed to identify the most common EN complications, as reported by healthcare professionals (HCPs) working in adult and paediatric ICUs (PICUs) in Saudi Arabia.

Unusual presentation and management of parathyroid carcinoma with pulmonary metastasis: a case report.

Background: Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare and challenging malignancy, often confirmed by histopathological analysis. Due to its rarity, it can present in atypically. We present a case of parathyroid carcinoma with an unusual course of pulmonary metastasis emphasizing the complexities of its diagnosis and management.

Phakomatosis pigmentovascularis type 2a: a rare case report.

Background: Phakomatosis pigmentovascularis (PPV) is a rare congenital cutaneous syndrome characterized by capillary malformation and extensive dermal melanosis. The complexity of PPV is reflected in its evolving classification systems. Systemic manifestations encompass ocular, neurological, vascular, musculoskeletal, and renal involvement.

Chitosan capped-NLCs enhanced codelivery of gefitinib and simvastatin into MDR HCC: impact of compositions on cell death, JNK3, and Telomerase.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a health problem due to multi-drug resistance (MDR). Codelivery of multiple oncotherapy in one cargo as chimeric cancer therapy (CCT) is suggested as a solution for MDR. This study aims to engineer chitosan-coated nanostructure lipid carriers (NLCs) loaded with gefitinib (GF) and simvastatin (SV) as CCT for HCC.

Central Corneal Subepithelial Haze Following Keratoplasty With Interrupted Sutures: A Novel Clinical Finding.

Purpose: This study aims to describe a newly identified clinical finding of central corneal subepithelial haze following keratoplasty (both penetrating and lamellar) with interrupted sutures, and to explore its causes and management strategies.

Methods: Case series.

Results: The study included 7 males and 3 females, with an average age of 24.

Human upper limb kinematics using a novel algorithm in post-stroke patients.

Assessing the kinematics of the upper limbs is crucial for rehabilitation treatment, especially for stroke survivors. Nowadays, researchers use computer vision-based algorithms for Human motion analysis. However, specific challenges include less accuracy, increased computational complexity and a limited number of anatomical key points.

Mechanistic Insight of Pharmacological Aspects of Violacein: Recent Trends and Advancements.

Since its discovery in the bacterium Chromobacterium violaceum, violacein-a striking purple pigment-has garnered significant interest due to its promising applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Violacein exhibits a range of pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, and antiparasitic effects, yet its complete molecular mechanisms are still being elucidated. Its mechanisms of action likely involve complex interactions with cellular receptors, signaling pathways, and specific molecular targets.

Orbital textiloma: Two case reports and a literature review.

Purpose: This report presents two cases of orbital textiloma resulting from retained surgical gauze.

Case Description: Both patients presented with postoperative orbital inflammation unresponsive to medical treatment: one eight weeks after excision of an orbital cavernous hemangioma, and the other six months following surgical repair of an orbital floor fracture. CT scans of the orbit revealed well-defined lesions with a heterogeneous center.

Impact of frailty and comorbidity on initial response to lung cancer screening invitation and low-dose CT screening uptake: Findings from the Yorkshire Lung Screening Trial.

Background: Low-dose computed tomography screening reduces lung cancer-specific mortality in high-risk individuals. Lung cancer risk factors overlap with comorbid diseases, highlighting the significance of frailty and comorbidities for lung cancer screening (LCS). Here, we describe the prevalence of frailty and comorbidity in those invited for LCS and evaluate their associations with response to telephone risk assessment invitation and subsequent uptake of LCS.

Crosstalk: Biochemical Signatures and Clinical Implications in Rare Hereditary Hemolytic Anemias (Hereditary Spherocytosis).

Background: Clinical Hereditary Hemolytic Anemia (HAA) particularly Hereditary Spherocytosis (HS) encompasses diverse genetic disorders causing premature red blood cell destruction and intrinsic RBC defects. There's a pressing need for standardized diagnostic protocols tailored to the Asian population, particularly in Saudi Arabia, underscoring the significance of thorough blood biochemistry analysis.

Materials And Methods: A case-control prospective study was conducted at King Abdulaziz University, samples were obtained from King Fahad, hospital Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, serving a significant population, and blood samples from 27 patients meeting ethical criteria for HHA and HS.

Enhancing paediatric and congenital cardiology e-learning postgraduate education: insights from the Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology directed webinar series.

Objective: A series of webinars covering widespread knowledge on paediatric cardiology and cardiac surgery topics was initiated by Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology, serving towards preparation for the Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology certification in paediatric and congenital cardiology. This study investigated the impact of webinars as educational tools for junior paediatric cardiologists in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional survey design study using an online survey as a tool for the assessment of trainees.

Professional Identity and Self-efficacy Among Occupational Therapy Students Engaged in Objective Structured Clinical Examination Utilizing Simulation Learning.

Objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) is widely used in health programs and has been applied in medical education to enhance clinical knowledge and help build clinical competence and confidence. It is carried out in different clinical stations that simulate real clinical situations and scenarios and helps prepare students for clinical training and practical applications. The purpose of this study was to investigate the change in professional identity and self-efficacy of occupational therapy students after applying OSCE utilizing simulated learning.

Factors Influencing Knowledge and Attitudes towards Second-Hand Smoking Exposure Among University Students: An Exploratory Study.

Despite extensive global research on second-hand smoking (SHS) exposure, there is a noticeable lack of studies focusing on the knowledge and attitudes of university students in Bangladesh. This cross-sectional study aimed to address this gap by assessing the levels of knowledge and attitudes towards SHS exposure among university students in Bangladesh. Utilizing a convenience sampling technique, data were collected from 383 university students, encompassing socio-demographic information, as well as knowledge and attitude-related inquiries.

Latrunculin U: a potent actin-disrupter from the Red Sea marine sponge .

During our efforts to identify biologically active compounds from Red Sea marine invertebrates, a new compound, latrunculin U (), was identified from the Red Sea sponge along with latrunculins A (), B (), and 16--latrunculin B (). The structures of the latrunculins were elucidated based on a combination of comprehensive 1D and 2D NMR analyses and high-resolution mass spectral determinations. The antiproliferative potency of each compound in HeLa cells was evaluated, and they had IC values ranging from 0.

Digital Surveillance of Mental Health Care Services in Saudi Arabia: Cross-Sectional Study of National e-Referral System Data.

Background: Mental illness affects an estimated 25% of the global population, with treatment gaps persisting worldwide. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated these challenges, leading to a significant increase in mental health issues globally. In Saudi Arabia, the lifetime prevalence of mental disorders is estimated at 34.

Body Fat and Obesity Rates, Cardiovascular Fitness, and the Feasibility of a Low-Intensity Non-Weight-Centric Educational Intervention Among Late Adolescents: Quasi-Experimental Study.

Background: Obesity rates among Saudi adolescents are increasing, with regional variations highlighting the need for tailored interventions. School-based health programs in Saudi Arabia are limited and often emphasize weight and body size, potentially exacerbating body image dissatisfaction. There is limited knowledge on the feasibility of non-weight-centric educational programs in Saudi Arabia and their effects on health behaviors and body image.

AAC narrative intervention for children with autism.

In research, augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) interventions have primarily focused on teaching children to make requests; however, AAC intervention should not stop there. There is a dearth of AAC intervention research targeting other communicative functions, despite there being a significant need to enhance children's communication competence in a variety of social and educational contexts. The purpose of this study was to examine the initial efficacy and feasibility of an AAC narrative intervention on the picture-supported retelling skills of three children with autism, aged 6-9 years old.

Organic manure and fertilizer N management strategies improve soil health at different growth stages of pearl millet under pearl millet-wheat sequence.

Background: Incorporating organic manure improves soil properties and crop productivity. A long-term study started in October 1967 examined the effects of farmyard manure and nitrogen fertilization on the soil at key growth stages of pearl millet in a pearl millet-wheat cropping system over its 51st cycle.

Results: Applying 15 Mg of farmyard manure (FYM) per hectare in both growing seasons significantly boosted soil organic carbon (SOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and key nutrients compared to one-season application.

Nutraceutical Impact of Pumpkin Seed Oil on Expression Levels of EZH-2 and KRT-14 Genes against DSS-induced Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the Rat Model.

Inflammatory bowel disease is a collection of intestinal disorders that cause inflammation in the digestive tract. Prolonged inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract is a major risk factor for colorectal cancer. The objective of this study was to fucus on gene expression levels of (KRT-14; associated with epithelial cell integrity) and enhancer of zeste homolog-1 (EZH-2; involved in cellular proliferation) in a IBD rat model in order to rule out impact of nutraceuticals (pumpkin seed oil; PSO) as a complementary approach to conventional treatments of IBD.

Capsule network approach for monkeypox (CAPSMON) detection and subclassification in medical imaging system.

In response to the pressing need for the detection of Monkeypox caused by the Monkeypox virus (MPXV), this study introduces the Enhanced Spatial-Awareness Capsule Network (ESACN), a Capsule Network architecture designed for the precise multi-class classification of dermatological images. Addressing the shortcomings of traditional Machine Learning and Deep Learning models, our ESACN model utilizes the dynamic routing and spatial hierarchy capabilities of CapsNets to differentiate complex patterns such as those seen in monkeypox, chickenpox, measles, and normal skin presentations. CapsNets' inherent ability to recognize and process crucial spatial relationships within images outperforms conventional CNNs, particularly in tasks that require the distinction of visually similar classes.

Empowering wastewater treatment with step scheme heterojunction ternary nanocomposites for photocatalytic degradation of nitrophenol.

The ongoing challenge of water pollution necessitates innovative approaches to remove organic contaminants from wastewater. In this work, new two-dimensional S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts BiO/CdS and MoS/BiO/CdS that are intended for the effective photocatalytic destruction of 4-nitrophenol, a dangerous organic pollutant, are synthesized and characterized. Utilizing a solvothermal method, successfully generated these ternary nanocomposites, which were characterized through various techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), high resolution transmission electronmicroscopy (HRTEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Telle (BET) and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS).

Distinct relative abundances in pathogens detected in mechanically ventilated patients with suspected pneumonia in the intensive care unit at King Abdulaziz University Hospital.

In this study, we present for the first time the landscape of the lung microbiota in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia in Intensive Care Units in Saudi Arabia. DNA from 83 deep endotracheal aspirate lung samples was subjected to PacBio sequencing to identify pathogens in comparison with conventional diagnostic techniques. Patients on ventilation with pneumonia presented with similar lung flora to those of patients on ventilation without pneumonia.