Outcomes and Complications of the Mustardé Otoplasty: A "Good-Fast-Cheap" Technique for the Prominent Ear Deformity.

Background: The Mustardé otoplasty is a commonly used procedure for the correction of the prominent ear deformity. Complication rates related to suture extrusion and long-term outcomes are variable in the literature. The study's purpose was to examine the efficacy and safety of the Mustardé otoplasty and its resource utilization, using an "iron triangle" methodology incorporating quality, time, and cost.

How did COVID-19 impact air transportation? A first peek through the lens of complex networks.

The current outbreak of COVID-19 is an unprecedented event in air transportation. This is probably the first time that global aviation contributed to the planet-wide spread of a pandemic, with casualties in over two hundred countries. As of August 23rd, 2020, the number of infected cases has topped 23 million, reportedly relating to more than 800,000 deaths worldwide.

Socially optimal lockdown and travel restrictions for fighting communicable virus including COVID-19.

This paper examines the socially optimal lockdown and travel (social activity) restriction policies for communicable virus including COVID-19. In our simple model, we exploit the remarkable similarity in the structure of external costs causing market failure between the socially optimal choices of the COVID-19 pandemic case and the socially optimal urban traffic congestion level. By identifying this similarity, the results obtained from our simple model allow for future pandemic researchers to use the well-established research methodologies for designing socially optimal traffic levels and associated policy tools to find the socially optimal lockdown and travel restrictions.

Does China's high-speed rail development lead to regional disparities? A network perspective.

This research examines whether cities are getting more equally accessible and connected via high-speed rail (HSR) in China over the period from 2010 to 2015. Existing studies mainly use network centralities to describe the spatial pattern of HSR network without measuring the spatial disparity of these centralities, and most of them rely on the infrastructure network and thus fail to incorporate HSR service quality in the centrality measures. Using HSR timetable data, we incorporate both scheduled travel time and daily frequency of each origin-destination city pair into three centrality measures and further quantify their inequalities using Theil's T index.

The whiplash effect: The (moderating) role of attributed motives in emotional and behavioral reactions to abusive supervision.

Although extant research shows a clear link between abusive supervision and detrimental consequences for organizations and their members, the popular press and media are replete with suggestions that abusive supervision can be positive and motivating. Drawing from the social functional view of emotions and emerging research on attributed motives of abusive supervision, we examine this phenomenon, which we refer to as the -the notion that subordinates may display different emotional and behavioral reactions to supervisory abuse depending on their attributions for abuse. We conduct 3 studies to examine this effect at both the between- and within person level.

Dual pathways to bias: Evaluators' ideology and ressentiment independently predict racial discrimination in hiring contexts.

Despite organizations' professed commitment to fairness, thousands of employees file race-based discrimination claims every year. The current article examines how people deviate from impartiality when evaluating candidates in hiring decisions. Researchers have argued the ideological endorsement of elitism (i.

The package as a weapon of influence: Changes to cigarette packaging design as a function of regulatory changes in Canada.

Introduction: Given existing regulations that ban the tobacco industry from engaging in traditional forms of advertising and require warning labels on cigarette packaging, we suggest that one response on the part of tobacco manufacturers has been to make alterations to design elements of cigarette packages themselves. The current research seeks to examine how cigarette manufacturers have altered elements of cigarette packaging in response to regulatory changes by the Government of Canada in 2011, which increased health warning sizes on cigarette packages from 50% of the principal display surface to 75%.

Methods: Cigarette packages (n=1689) that had been on the market in Canada in the period 2001-2017 were examined and coded for package design elements including package innovation (size and package style), color (hue and saturation), and branding elements (use of iconography and variant names).

Photographic assessment of postsurgical facial scars epidermally sutured with rapidly absorbable polyglactin 910 or nylon: A randomized clinical trial.

Background: Surgeons use absorbable and nonabsorbable sutures for epidermal wound closure. No large, randomized studies have compared the effect of these suture types on facial scar appearance.

Objective: To assess postsurgical facial scar appearance using either rapidly absorbable polyglactin 910 or nylon for epidermal closure.

Effects of snack portion size on anticipated and experienced hunger, eating enjoyment, and perceived healthiness among children.

Background: Large portion sizes encourage overconsumption. Prior studies suggest that this may be due to errors in anticipating the effects of portion size, although the studies were limited to adults and energy-dense foods.

Objective: Our aim was to investigate potential anticipation errors related to the effects of portion size on hunger, eating enjoyment, and healthiness ratings among 8-to-11-year-old children, for snacks differing in energy density and healthiness perception, and as a function of initial hunger.

Do Microsurgical Outcomes Differ Based on Which Specialty Does the Operation? A NSQIP Analysis.

Background: Because plastic surgeons do not "own" a specific anatomic region, other surgical specialties have increasingly assumed procedures historically performed by plastic surgery. Decreased case volume is postulated to be associated with higher complication rates. Herein, we investigate whether volume and surgical specialty have an impact on microsurgical complications, specifically surgical site infection (SSI) and reoperation rates.

Social, ethical, and other value judgments in health economics modelling.

Modelling is a major method of inquiry in health economics. In other modelling-intensive fields, such as climate science, recent scholarship has described how social and ethical values influence model development. However, no similar work has been done in health economics.

High-Risk Plastic Surgery: An Analysis of 108,303 Cases From the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP).

Background: There is a lack of large-scale data that examine complications in plastic surgery. A description of baseline rates and patient outcomes allows better understanding of ways to improve patient care and cost-savings for health systems. Herein, we determine the most frequent complications in plastic surgery, identify procedures with high complication rates, and examine predictive risk factors.

On the relation between felt trust and actual trust: Examining pathways to and implications of leader trust meta-accuracy.

Research has long emphasized that being trusted is a central concern for leaders (Dirks & Ferrin, 2002), but an interesting and important question left unexplored is whether leaders feel trusted by each employee, and whether their felt trust is accurate. Across 2 field studies, we examined the factors that shape the accuracy of leaders' felt trust-or, their trust meta-accuracy-and the implications of trust meta-accuracy for the degree of relationship conflict between leaders and their employees. By integrating research on trust and interpersonal perception, we developed and tested hypotheses based on 2 theoretical mechanisms-an external signaling mechanism and an internal presumed reciprocity mechanism-that theory suggests shape leaders' trust meta-accuracy.

The red-derogation effect: How the color red affects married women's ratings of male attractiveness.

The present research addresses the question of how the color red affects married women's evaluations of male attractiveness. Three studies demonstrate a red-derogation effect for married women's judgments such that men are perceived to be less attractive and less sexually desirable when their profiles are displayed on a red versus a white background. We show that married (vs.

The Sign Effect in Past and Future Discounting.

We compared the extent to which people discounted positive and negative events in the future and in the past. We found that the tendency to discount gains more than losses (i.e.

Association of intensive care unit occupancy during admission and inpatient mortality: a retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: There is conflicting evidence regarding the influence of intensive care unit (ICU) occupancy at the time of admission on important patient outcomes such as mortality. The objective of this analysis was to characterize the association between ICU occupancy at the time of ICU admission and subsequent mortality.

Methods: This single-centre, retrospective cohort study included all patients admitted to the ICU at the Vancouver General Hospital between 4 January 2010 and 8 October 2017.

Do Financial Incentives Change Length-of-stay Performance in Emergency Departments? A Retrospective Study of the Pay-for-performance Program in Metro Vancouver.

Background: Pay-for-performance (P4P) programs have been implemented in various forms to reduce emergency department (ED) patient length of stay (LOS). This retrospective study investigated to what extent the timing of patient disposition in Metro Vancouver EDs was influenced by a LOS-based P4P program.

Methods: We analyzed ED visit records of four major hospitals in Metro Vancouver, Canada.

An Empirical Investigation of Factors Affecting Perceived Quality and Well-Being of Children Using an Online Child Helpline.

Child helplines provide free, accessible, and confidential support for children suffering from issues such as violence and abuse. Helplines lack the barriers often associated with the use of many other health services; and for many children, the helpline is the first point of contact with any kind of child protection and an important venue to go to in times of socio-economic distress. For instance, more children attempt to call the helpline in times of high unemployment, and relatively more of those conversations are about violence.

Associations between sexual satisfaction and function and the severity of lower urinary tract symptoms among men in a rural sub-Saharan African community.

Introduction: The recognized association between erectile dysfunction (ED) with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) from high-income countries is unreported from Africa. Authentic figures on prevalence of ED and LUTS from Africa are scarce in the literature. This study was conducted to quantify sexual function and satisfaction among Ugandan men in relation to LUTS severity.

Self-reported use of family physician, chiropractor and physiotherapy services among adult Canadians with chronic back disorders: an observational study.

Background: Chronic back disorders (CBD) are prevalent, costly, and among the most common reasons for seeking primary care; however, little is known regarding the comparative use of family physician, chiropractic, and physiotherapy services among people with CBD in Canada. Elucidating these differences may identify potential gaps in access to care and inform the development of strategies to improve access. The research objectives were to investigate patterns of health care use and to profile factors associated with self-reported use of family physicians, chiropractors, and physiotherapists among adult Canadians with CBD.

Low-acuity presentations to the emergency department: Reasons for and access to other health care providers before presentation.

Objective: To describe the demographic characteristics of patients who present to the emergency department (ED) for low-acuity issues and to explore their self-reported contact with other sources of primary health care before presenting to the ED.

Design: Survey distributed in the ED waiting room.

Setting: A high-volume ED in Vancouver, BC.

Prevalence estimates for lower urinary tract symptom severity among men in Uganda and sub-Saharan Africa based on regional prevalence data.

Introduction: In the absence of specific regional data, the prevalence of urinary symptoms in the developing world is currently estimated. Regional prevalence data and estimates based on them have relevance for accurate planning/provision of future healthcare. We sought to extrapolate prevalence estimates for lower urinary tract symptom (LUTS) severity and associated sexual dysfunction for Uganda as a whole and sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) using newly available regional data from a community-based cohort of men in Uganda.

Sustainability issues of commercial non-timber forest product extraction in West Suriname.

Background: Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) have been traded for millennia by indigenous communities. Current increased demands driven by globalisation, however, put more pressure on local harvesters and their surrounding ecosystems. The safeguarding of indigenous access rights to harvesting grounds is needed, either through communal land titles or collaborative management agreements, both to secure prior indigenous rights and to minimise further negative ecological impacts.