Synergic effect of eugenol oleate with amphotericin B augments anti-leishmanial immune response in experimental visceral leishmaniasis in vitro and in vivo.

Present treatment regimen on visceral leishmaniasis has multiple limitations including severe side effects, toxicity, and resistance of Leishmania strains. Amphotericin B is a well-established pharmacologically approved drug; however, mainly toxicity is a foremost issue with that drug. Recently, our group identified eugenol oleate as an anti-leishmanial immunomodulatory compound.

Epidemiological and ES cell-based functional evaluation of BRCA2 variants identified in families with breast cancer.

The discovery of high-risk breast cancer susceptibility genes, such as Breast cancer associated gene 1 (BRCA1) and Breast cancer associated gene 2 (BRCA2) has led to accurate identification of individuals for risk management and targeted therapy. The rapid decline in sequencing costs has tremendously increased the number of individuals who are undergoing genetic testing world-wide. However, given the significant differences in population-specific variants, interpreting the results of these tests can be challenging especially for novel genetic variants in understudied populations.

The effect of refractive surgery on blur thresholds.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to measure blur thresholds before and after refractive surgery.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study conducted in a tertiary eye hospital in South India. Blur thresholds were measured for 30 young adult myopic patients 1 month prior to and after refractive surgery.

Lamotrigine Nanoparticle Laden Polymer Composite Oral Dissolving Films for Improving Therapeutic Potential of the Hydrophobic Antiepileptic Molecule.

, in vitro in vivo .

Methylated PP2A stabilizes Gcn4 to enable a methionine-induced anabolic program.

Methionine, through -adenosylmethionine, activates a multifaceted growth program in which ribosome biogenesis, carbon metabolism, and amino acid and nucleotide biosynthesis are induced. This growth program requires the activity of the Gcn4 transcription factor (called ATF4 in mammals), which facilitates the supply of metabolic precursors that are essential for anabolism. However, how Gcn4 itself is regulated in the presence of methionine is unknown.

Hepatoprotective effects of on mitochondrial enzymes and inflammatory markers in carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity.

Objective: The present investigation was aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective potential of ethanolic extract of () and its isolated quercetin fraction on carbon tetrachloride (CCl)-induced hepatotoxicity.

Materials And Methods: The rats were divided into 6 groups and each group contained 6 rats. CCl (1.

Asymmetric chromosome segregation and cell division in DNA damage-induced bacterial filaments.

Faithful propagation of life requires coordination of DNA replication and segregation with cell growth and division. In bacteria, this results in cell size homeostasis and periodicity in replication and division. The situation is perturbed under stress such as DNA damage, which induces filamentation as cell cycle progression is blocked to allow for repair.

Remediation of textile effluents for water reuse: Decolorization and desalination using Escherichia fergusonii followed by detoxification with activated charcoal.

Textile effluents contain high levels of pollutants of different categories like dyes, metal salts, acids, bases and microorganisms. Remediation of textile effluents is often challenging because of its composition, which also varies between dyeing units. In this study, we demonstrate the novel use of a waste-water bacterium, Escherichia fergusonii, in the effective remediation of textile effluents.

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: an overview.

Neuromyelitis optica also known as Devic's syndrome is a rare autoimmune disorder that predominantly targets the optic nerves and the spinal cord. It is a debilitating disorder that damages a person's health. Initially it was considered as a variant of multiple sclerosis (MS).

Pharmacogenetic determinants of thiopurines in an Indian cohort.

Background: Several genetic variants of thiopurine metabolic pathway are associated with 6-thiopurine-mediated leucopenia. A population-based evaluation of these variants lays the foundation for Pharmacogenetic-guided thiopurine therapy.

Methods: A total of 2000 subjects were screened for the pharmacogenetic determinants using the infinium global screening array (GSA).

Antipredatory Responses of Mosquito Pupae to Non-Lethal Predation Threat-Behavioral Plasticity Across Life-History Stages.

Antipredatory behavioral responses tend to be energetically expensive, and prey species thus need to resolve trade-offs between these behaviors and other activities such as foraging and mating. While these trade-offs have been well-studied across taxa, less is known about how costs and benefits vary in different life-history contexts, and associated consequences. To address this question, we compared responses of the yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti [Diptera: Culicidae]) to predation threat from guppy (Poecilia reticulata [Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae]) across two life-history stages-larvae (data from previous study) and pupae (from this study).

Comparative genomics of ocular Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains from keratitis patients with different clinical outcomes.

The several virulence and drug-resistance mechanisms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa responsible for poor clinical outcomes in keratitis patients remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the distribution of virulence factors and drug resistance by genes, mutations, efflux-pump systems of P. aeruginosa strains from keratitis patients with different clinical outcomes, included of whole-genome sequenced and annotated our five P.

Multiple Wnts act synergistically to induce Chk1/Grapes expression and mediate G2 arrest in tracheoblasts.

Larval tracheae of harbour progenitors of the adult tracheal system (tracheoblasts). Thoracic tracheoblasts are arrested in the G2 phase of the cell cycle in an ATR (mei-41)-Checkpoint Kinase1 (grapes, Chk1) dependent manner prior to mitotic re-entry. Here we investigate developmental regulation of Chk1 activation.

Stability of Begomoviral pathogenicity determinant βC1 is modulated by mutually antagonistic SUMOylation and SIM interactions.

Background: To successfully invade new hosts, plant viruses must break host resistance and be competent to move within and between plant cells. As a means, viral proteins known as pathogenicity determinants have evolved to coordinate a network of protein interactions. The βC1 protein encoded by specific geminiviral satellites acts as a key pathogenicity determinant for this disease-causing family of plant viruses.

Decision Signals in the Local Field Potentials of Early and Mid-Level Macaque Visual Cortex.

The neural basis of perceptual decision making has typically been studied using measurements of single neuron activity, though decisions are likely based on the activity of large neuronal ensembles. Local field potentials (LFPs) may, in some cases, serve as a useful proxy for population activity and thus be useful for understanding the neural basis of perceptual decision making. However, little is known about whether LFPs in sensory areas include decision-related signals.

Insect architecture: structural diversity and behavioral principles.

Insects build myriad structures out of diverse materials. These structures serve purposes that range from facilitating prey capture to housing their entire colony. Whereas some insects operate solitarily, others collectively build large and complex structures.

Dispersal and migration have contrasting effects on butterfly flight morphology and reproduction.

Movement may fundamentally alter morphology and reproductive states in insects. In long-distance migrants, reproductive diapause is associated with trade-offs between diverse life-history traits such as flight morphology and lifespan. However, many non-diapausing insects engage in shorter resource-driven dispersals.

RNA Blot Analysis for the Detection and Quantification of Plant MicroRNAs.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenously expressed non-coding, ~21 nt small RNAs involved in the regulation of gene expression in both plants and animals. Most miRNAs act as negative switches of gene expression targeting key genes. In plants, primary miRNAs (pri-miRNAs) transcripts are generated by RNA polymerase II, and they form varying lengths of stable stem-loop structures called pre-miRNAs.

Lead Generation for Human Mitotic Kinesin Eg5 Using Structure-based Virtual Screening and Validation by In-vitro and Cell-based Assays.

Background: Human mitotic kinesins play a crucial role in mitotic cell division. Targeting the spindle separation phase of mitosis has gained much attention pharmaceutically in cancer chemotherapy. Spindle segregation is carried out mainly by Eg5 kinesin, and currently, it has many inhibitors in different phases of clinical trials.

Tools of the trade: MicroCT reveals native structure and functional morphology of organs that drive caterpillar-ant interactions.

Caterpillars of many lycaenid butterflies are tended by ants that offer protection from predators and parasitoids. Specialized structures such as glands, ciliary organs and chitinous ornamentation in caterpillars play key roles in the underlying tactile, acoustic, and chemical communication between caterpillars and ants. Although the ecological, evolutionary, and behavioural aspects of these interactions are well studied, the mechanisms (i.

Melatonin regulates tumor angiogenesis via miR-424-5p/VEGFA signaling pathway in osteosarcoma.

Melatonin is recognized as an anti-angiogenic agent, but its function in the tumor microenvironment especially in osteosarcoma remains uncertain. Among the selected miRNAs, miR-205, miR-424, miR-140, miR-106, and miR-519 were upregulated by melatonin in osteosarcoma cells. The functional role of miR-424-5p in osteosarcoma was further analyzed using miR-424-5p mimic/inhibitor.

Kaempferol-zinc(II) complex synthesis and evaluation of bone formation using zebrafish model.

Flavonoids are known for their wide range of bioactive properties including beneficial effect on bone formation. Their intense metal ion chelating capacity endorsed their nomination as a new biomaterial for biomedical applications. The present study examined the functional role of Kaemferal-Zinc(II) (Kaem-Zn) complex in bone formation, in vitro and in vivo.