Firefly-SVM predictive model for breast cancer subgroup classification with clinicopathological parameters.

Background: Breast cancer is a highly predominant destructive disease among women characterised with varied tumour biology, molecular subgroups and diverse clinicopathological specifications. The potentiality of machine learning to transform complex medical data into meaningful knowledge has led to its application in breast cancer detection and prognostic evaluation.

Objective: The emergence of data-driven diagnostic model for assisting clinicians in diagnostic decision making has gained an increasing curiosity in breast cancer identification and analysis.

External validation of prediction models for vaginal delivery after the trial of labour among women with previous one caesarean section - A cohort study.

Objective: To externally validate three predictive models (the Grobman model (2007), the Zhang model (2020), and the Grobman model (2021)) for identifying women with increased chances of a successful trial of labour after caesarean section (TOLAC).

Methods: This retrospective observational cohort study was conducted in a tertiary teaching hospital from 2018 to 2021. Individual probabilities were calculated for women with previous one caesarean section who underwent TOLAC at term, using the predicted probabilities from the logistic regression models.

Participant characteristics in the prevention of gestational diabetes as evidence for precision medicine: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Precision prevention involves using the unique characteristics of a particular group to determine their responses to preventive interventions. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the participant characteristics associated with responses to interventions in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) prevention.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Pubmed to identify lifestyle (diet, physical activity, or both), metformin, myoinositol/inositol and probiotics interventions of GDM prevention published up to May 24, 2022.

Impact of individual and environmental factors on dietary or lifestyle interventions to prevent type 2 diabetes development: a systematic review.

Background: The variability in the effectiveness of type 2 diabetes (T2D) preventive interventions highlights the potential to identify the factors that determine treatment responses and those that would benefit the most from a given intervention. We conducted a systematic review to synthesize the evidence to support whether sociodemographic, clinical, behavioral, and molecular factors modify the efficacy of dietary or lifestyle interventions to prevent T2D.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases for studies reporting on the effect of a lifestyle, dietary pattern, or dietary supplement interventions on the incidence of T2D and reporting the results stratified by any effect modifier.

Lamotrigine efficacy, safety, and tolerability for women of childbearing age with bipolar I disorder: Meta-analysis from four randomized, placebo-controlled maintenance studies.

This meta-analysis investigated the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of lamotrigine versus placebo in preventing relapse and recurrence of mood episodes in women of childbearing age with bipolar I disorder. Following up to 16 weeks' open-label lamotrigine treatment, responders were randomized to double-blind treatment, including lamotrigine 100-400 mg/day or placebo, in four trials of up to 76 weeks. Women aged 18-45 years who received ≥ 1 dose of study treatment and had ≥ 1 efficacy assessment in the double-blind phase were pooled for efficacy analysis.

Diabetes risk and provision of diabetes prevention activities in 44 low-income and middle-income countries: a cross-sectional analysis of nationally representative, individual-level survey data.

Background: The global burden of diabetes is rising rapidly, yet there is little evidence on individual-level diabetes prevention activities undertaken by health systems in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Here we describe the population at high risk of developing diabetes, estimate diabetes prevention activities, and explore sociodemographic variation in these activities across LMICs.

Methods: We performed a pooled, cross-sectional analysis of individual-level data from nationally representative, population-based surveys conducted in 44 LMICs between October, 2009, and May, 2019.

Compassionate Use of Remdesivir in Pregnancy: A Case Series From a COVID-19 Dedicated Center and Review of Literature.

Pregnancy is associated with immunological changes that could render an individual vulnerable to the severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease. Even as we witnessed the third and most widespread pandemic wave, a conclusively advantageous treatment option still remained elusive. Remdesivir was one of the front-running therapeutic options that received emergency use authorization (EUA) and subsequent approval for the management of moderate to severe COVID-19 infections.

Phototherapy Restores Deficient Type I IFN Production and Enhances Antitumor Responses in Mycosis Fungoides.

Transcriptional profiling demonstrated markedly reduced type I IFN gene expression in untreated mycosis fungoides (MF) skin lesions compared with that in healthy skin. Type I IFN expression in MF correlated with antigen-presenting cell-associated IRF5 before psoralen plus UVA therapy and epithelial ULBP2 after therapy, suggesting an enhancement of epithelial type I IFN. Immunostains confirmed reduced baseline type I IFN production in MF and increased levels after psoralen plus UVA treatment in responding patients.

Research prioritisation on prevention and management of preterm birth in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) with a special focus on Bangladesh using the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI) method.

Background: Fifteen million babies are born preterm globally each year, with 81% occurring in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Preterm birth complications are the leading cause of newborn deaths and significantly impact health, quality of life, and costs of health services. Improving outcomes for newborns and their families requires prioritising research for developing practical, scalable solutions, especially in low-resource settings such as Bangladesh.

Application of a Negative Intrauterine Pressure Suction Device for Prophylactic Management of Atonic Postpartum Hemorrhage: A Quality Improvement Study.

Background: Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is the leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide. PPH-preventing interventions need to be prioritized and can be integrated with conventional methods of PPH prevention. The introduction of negative intrauterine pressure using a suction cannula can be one of the cheapest modalities to decrease PPH secondary to uterine atonicity.

Analysis of autophagy deficiency and cytotoxicity in autophagy-deficient human embryonic stem cell-derived neurons.

Autophagy, a catabolic process governing cellular and energy homeostasis, is essential for cell survival and human health. Here, we present a protocol for generating autophagy-deficient (ATG5) human neurons from human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived neural precursors. We describe steps for analyzing loss of autophagy by immunoblotting.

Comprehensive study of anxiety and depression in females with urinary incontinence.

Background: Anxiety and depression are commonly seen with urinary incontinence (UI) and its association is strongest for urgency and mixed UI. It affects the quality of life and functional status.

Aims: To assess the prevalence and severity of anxiety and depression in SUI (Stress urinary incontinence) and UUI/MUI (Urge or mixed urinary incontinence), to assess the severity of SUI and UUI/MUI and its association with anxiety and depression and to identify various factors associated with anxiety and depression.

First Trimester Prediction of Preterm Birth in Patient Plasma with Machine-Learning-Guided Raman Spectroscopy and Metabolomics.

Preterm birth (PTB) is the leading cause of infant deaths globally. Current clinical measures often fail to identify women who may deliver preterm. Therefore, accurate screening tools are imperative for early prediction of PTB.

Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Novel Δ-Thiazolino 2-Pyridone Derivatives That Potentiate Isoniazid Activity in an Isoniazid-Resistant Mutant.

() drug resistance poses an alarming threat to global tuberculosis control. We previously reported that , a ring-fused thiazolo-2-pyridone, inhibits respiration, blocks biofilm formation, and restores the activity of the antibiotic isoniazid (INH) in INH-resistant isolates. This discovery revealed a new strategy to address INH resistance.

Association of marijuana, tobacco and alcohol use with estimated glomerular filtration rate in women living with HIV and women without HIV.

Objective: Marijuana, tobacco and alcohol use are prevalent among people with HIV and may adversely affect kidney function in this population. We determined the association of use of these substances with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) among women with HIV (WWH) and women without HIV.

Design: We undertook a repeated measures study of 1043 WWH and 469 women without HIV within the United States Women's Interagency HIV Study, a multicenter, prospective cohort of HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative women.

Women's Perspectives on Smoking During Pregnancy and Factors Influencing Their Willingness to Quit Smoking in Pregnancy: A Study From the United Kingdom.

Objective This was a prospective questionnaire-based survey conducted in the Barnsley District of the United Kingdom among antenatal women smoking during pregnancy. The aim of the study was to assess the awareness of women regarding the risks with smoking during pregnancy, study their smoking behavior, their willingness to quit smoking during pregnancy, and the factors that could influence their intention to quit smoking. Methods A cohort of antenatal women smoking during pregnancy was surveyed prior to their contact with the maternity Stop Smoking Services.

Assessment of Fertility Outcomes Following Combined Clomiphene and Letrozole Versus Letrozole Therapy for the Treatment of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Subfertility.

Background: Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) affects 8-13%of women in their reproductive age and is one of the foremost causes of female subfertility. Traditionally, clomiphene citrate has been the first-line treatment for ovulation induction in PCOS. However, the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) international evidence-based guidelines in 2018 recommended the use of letrozole as first-line therapy for ovulation induction in anovulatory PCOS women, due to better pregnancy and live birth rates.

PS9, Derived from an Aquatic Fungus Virulent Protein, Glycosyl Hydrolase, Arrests MCF-7 Proliferation by Regulating Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species and Apoptotic Pathways.

One of the most common diseases in women is breast cancer, which has the highest death globally. Surgery, chemotherapy, hormone treatments, and radiation are the current treatment options for breast cancer. However, these options have several adverse side effects.

Depletion of WFS1 compromises mitochondrial function in hiPSC-derived neuronal models of Wolfram syndrome.

Mitochondrial dysfunction involving mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM) dysregulation is implicated in the pathogenesis of late-onset neurodegenerative diseases, but understanding is limited for rare early-onset conditions. Loss of the MAM-resident protein WFS1 causes Wolfram syndrome (WS), a rare early-onset neurodegenerative disease that has been linked to mitochondrial abnormalities. Here we demonstrate mitochondrial dysfunction in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neuronal cells of WS patients.