Structure, the energy, sorption and biological properties of chiral salts of chitosan with l- and d-ascorbic acid.

The influence of l- and d-ascorbic acid diastereomers on the structure, supramolecular ordering, energy, sorption and biological properties of heterochiral (D-L) and homochiral (D-D) salt complexes of chitosan (d-glucan)-acid was studied. The thermal effect of dissolving chitosan in l-ascorbic acid and the protonation degree of (D-L)-salts were lower than those in the medium of the d-isomer. Homochiral (D-D) salts, in contrast to heterochiral (D-L) ones, are distinguished by a more developed system of intermolecular and intramolecular contacts, a more ordered and equilibrium supramolecular organization of macrochains, a higher crystallinity degree, and a smaller amount of crystallization water.

Photostimulation of lymphatic clearance of β-amyloid from mouse brain: a new strategy for the therapy of Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder that poses a significant burden on socio-economic and healthcare systems worldwide. However, the currently available therapy of AD is limited, and new strategies are needed to enhance the clearance of β-amyloid (Aβ) protein and improve cognitive function. Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a non-invasive and effective therapeutic method that has shown promise in treating various brain diseases.

Machine learning applications in forensic DNA profiling: A critical review.

Machine learning (ML) is a range of powerful computational algorithms capable of generating predictive models via intelligent autonomous analysis of relatively large and often unstructured data. ML has become an integral part of our daily lives with a plethora of applications, including web, business, automotive industry, clinical diagnostics, scientific research, and more recently, forensic science. In the field of forensic DNA, the manual analysis of complex data can be challenging, time-consuming, and error-prone.

Optical Sensors for Bacterial Detection.

Analytical devices for bacterial detection are an integral part of modern laboratory medicine, as they permit the early diagnosis of diseases and their timely treatment. Therefore, special attention is directed to the development of and improvements in monitoring and diagnostic methods, including biosensor-based ones. A promising direction in the development of bacterial detection methods is optical sensor systems based on colorimetric and fluorescence techniques, the surface plasmon resonance, and the measurement of orientational effects.

Transcranial photobiomodulation improves insulin therapy in diabetic microglial reactivity and the brain drainage system.

The dysfunction of microglia in the development of diabetes is associated with various diabetic complications, while traditional insulin therapy is insufficient to rapidly restore the function of microglia. Therefore, the search for new alternative methods of treating diabetes-related dysfunction of microglia is urgently needed. Here, we evaluate the effects of transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) on microglial function in diabetic mice and investigate its mechanism.

Multimodal optical clearing to minimize light attenuation in biological tissues.

The biggest obstacle to optical imaging is light attenuation in biological tissues. Conventional clearing techniques, such as agent-based clearing, improve light penetration depth by reducing scattering, but they are hampered by drawbacks including toxicity, low efficiency, slowness, and superficial performance, which prevent them from resolving the attenuation problem on their own. Therefore, quick, safe, and effective procedures have been developed.

Nonlinear dynamics of a spin-Hall nano-oscillator based on the canted antiferromagnet.

The theory of the nonlinear dynamics of a canted antiferromagnet-based (AFM) spin-Hall oscillator with weak ferromagnetism caused by the strong Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction between magnetic sublattices is rigorously studied. The AFM oscillator's frequency tuning is carried out both due to a DC spin-polarized current flowing through the normal metal layer and an external permanent magnetic field. A feature of the operation of this oscillator is the presence of a hysteresis region between the subcritical (damping) and overcritical (self-oscillating) regimes.

Artificial intelligence feasibility in veterinary medicine: A systematic review.

Background And Aim: In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has become increasingly necessary in the life sciences, particularly medicine and healthcare. This study aimed to systematically review the literature and critically analyze multiple databases on the use of AI in veterinary medicine to assess its challenges. We aim to foster an understanding of the effects that can be approached and applied for professional awareness.

Optical clearing of human skin: Molecular modeling and in vivo OCT study.

The results of in vivo immersion optical clearing of human skin under the action of two different optical clearing agents (OCAs), such as an aqueous sucrose solution and a radiographic contrast agent Omnipaque™ 300 (iohexol), were obtained with the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) method. The rate of reduction of light scattering coefficient, obtained through an averaged A-scan of the OCT image in the region of dermis within the depths from 350 to 700 μm, were determined to evaluate the efficiency of optical clearing (EOC). The correlations between the EOC and the energy of intermolecular interaction of OCAs with a fragment of collagen peptide have been established as a result of molecular modeling by quantum chemistry methods HF/STO3G/DFT/B3LYP/6-311G(d) of a number of OCAs (glycerol, iohexol, sucrose, ribose, fructose, glucose) with mimetic peptide of collagen (GPH) .

Rapid low-cost hyperspectral imaging system for quantitative assessment of infantile hemangioma.

Hemangioma, the predominant benign tumor occurring in infancy, exhibits a wide range of prognoses and associated outcomes. The accurate determination of prognosis through noninvasive imaging modalities holds essential importance in enabling effective personalized treatment strategies and minimizing unnecessary surgical interventions for individual patients. The present study focuses on advancing the personalized prognosis of hemangioma by leveraging noninvasive optical sensing technologies by the development of a novel rapid hyperspectral sensor (image collection in 5 s, lateral resolution of 10 μm) that is capable of quantifying hemoglobin oxygenation and vascularization dynamics during the course of tumor evolution.

Exploiting Benefits of Vaterite Metastability to Design Degradable Systems for Biomedical Applications.

The widespread application of calcium carbonate is determined by its high availability in nature and simplicity of synthesis in laboratory conditions. Moreover, calcium carbonate possesses highly attractive physicochemical properties that make it suitable for a wide range of biomedical applications. This review provides a conclusive analysis of the results on using the tunable vaterite metastability in the development of biodegradable drug delivery systems and therapeutic vehicles with a controlled and sustained release of the incorporated cargo.

Machine Learning Technology for EEG-Forecast of the Blood-Brain Barrier Leakage and the Activation of the Brain's Drainage System during Isoflurane Anesthesia.

Anesthesia enables the painless performance of complex surgical procedures. However, the effects of anesthesia on the brain may not be limited only by its duration. Also, anesthetic agents may cause long-lasting changes in the brain.

Structural and Morphological Features of Anisotropic Chitosan Hydrogels Obtained by Ion-Induced Neutralization in a Triethanolamine Medium.

For the first time, anisotropic hydrogel material with a highly oriented structure was obtained by the chemical reaction of polymer-analogous transformation of chitosan glycolate-chitosan base using triethanolamine (TEA) as a neutralizing reagent. Tangential bands or concentric rings, depending on the reaction conditions, represent the structural anisotropy of the hydrogel. The formation kinetics and the ratio of the positions of these periodic structures are described by the Liesegang regularities.

Mechanisms of Activation of Brain's Drainage during Sleep: The Nightlife of Astrocytes.

The study of functions, mechanisms of generation, and pathways of movement of cerebral fluids has a long history, but the last decade has been especially productive. The proposed glymphatic hypothesis, which suggests a mechanism of the brain waste removal system (BWRS), caused an active discussion on both the criticism of some of the perspectives and our intensive study of new experimental facts. It was especially found that the intensity of the metabolite clearance changes significantly during the transition between sleep and wakefulness.

Astrocytes: new evidence, new models, new roles.

Astrocytes have been in the limelight of active research for about 3 decades now. Over this period, ideas about their function and role in the nervous system have evolved from simple assistance in energy supply and homeostasis maintenance to a complex informational and metabolic hub that integrates data on local neuronal activity, sensory and arousal context, and orchestrates many crucial processes in the brain. Rapid progress in experimental techniques and data analysis produces a growing body of data, which can be used as a foundation for formulation of new hypotheses, building new refined mathematical models, and ultimately should lead to a new level of understanding of the contribution of astrocytes to the cognitive tasks performed by the brain.

[Hormonal and genetic causes of cryptorchidism].

Cryptorchidism is the most frequent congenital disorders of the reproductive system, is present in 2-3% of term newborn boys. Genes involved in embryonic testicular migration are known but their role in cryptorchidism development are not investigated enough. Genetical causes of cryptorchidism are identified in 5-7% of patients.

[Therapy of asthenic disorders after psychotic conditions in patients with cognitive impairment: results of an observational non-interventional program].

Objective: An observational non-interventional study was conducted to obtain data on the efficacy and safety of Prospekta in the treatment of postpsychotic asthenia in patients with cognitive impairment (CI).

Material And Methods: We selected 69 patients aged 18-75 years with asthenic disorders that developed after suffering psychotic conditions and CI, who were prescribed Prospekta. At four visits (at baseline, after 2, 4 and 8 weeks), the doctor collected complaints, anamnesis, examined the patient, assessed the severity of asthenia on the MFI-20 (The Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory-20) scale, CI - on the MMSE (The Mini-mental state examination).

[Bacosides: a study of neurobiological activity, prospects for application].

Bacosides are the main biologically active components derived from the plant bacopa monnieri ( (L.) Wettst.), which has been used as a nootropic in Indian medicine for many centuries.

Multimodal Diagnostics of Changes in Rat Lungs after Vaping.

(1) Background: The use of electronic cigarettes has become widespread in recent years. The use of e-cigarettes leads to milder pathological conditions compared to traditional cigarette smoking. Nevertheless, e-liquid vaping can cause morphological changes in lung tissue, which affects and impairs gas exchange.

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering from Au nanorods, nanotriangles, and nanostars with tuned plasmon resonances.

Electromagnetic theory predicts that the optimal value of the localized plasmon resonance (LPR) wavelength for the maximal SERS enhancement factor (EF) is half the sum of the laser and Raman wavelengths. For small Raman shifts, the theoretical EF scales as the fourth power of the local field. However, experimental data often disagree with these theoretical conclusions, leaving the question of choosing the optimal plasmon resonance for the maximal SERS signal unresolved.

Field emission in vacuum resonant tunneling heterostructures with high current densities.

We analyse the steady-state thermal regime of a one-dimensional triode resonant tunnelling structure. The high currents generated by resonant tunnelling produce a large amount of heat that could damage the structure. Establishing the conditions under which it can operate at optimum efficiency is therefore a problem of great relevance for applications.

Whole genome sequencing characteristics of Chlamydia psittaci caprine AMK-16 strain, a promising killed whole cell veterinary vaccine candidate against chlamydia infection.

Chlamydia psittaci is a primary zoonotic pathogen with a broad host range causing severe respiratory and reproductive system infection in animals and humans. To reduce the global burden of C. psittaci-associated diseases on animal welfare and health and to control the pathogen spread in husbandry, effective vaccines based on promising vaccine candidate(s) are required.

Correction: Luminescence and photoelectrochemical properties of size-selected aqueous copper-doped Ag-In-S quantum dots.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/C8RA00257F.].

Anticancer and Antiphytopathogenic Activity of Fluorinated Isatins and Their Water-Soluble Hydrazone Derivatives.

A series of new fluorinated 1-benzylisatins was synthesized in high yields via a simple one-pot procedure in order to explore the possible effect of ortho-fluoro (), chloro (), or bis-fluoro () substitution on the biological activity of this pharmacophore. Furthermore, the new isatins could be converted into water-soluble isatin-3-hydrazones using their acid-catalyzed reaction with Girard's reagent P and its dimethyl analog. The cytotoxic action of these substances is associated with the induction of apoptosis caused by mitochondrial membrane dissipation and stimulated reactive oxygen species production in tumor cells.

Impact of e-cigarette liquid on porcine lung tissue-Ex vivo confocal Raman micro-spectroscopy study.

Ex vivo porcine lung immersed in e-liquid was investigated in-depth using confocal Raman micro-spectroscopy to assess the e-liquid influence on the lung. It was found that lung-related Raman band intensities at 1002, 1548, 1618 and 1655 cm increased after first and second treatments except the surface, which was attributed to the well-known optical clearing (OC) effect due to alveoli filling with e-liquid resulting in light scattering reduction. The autofluorescence enhancement was explained by oxidative stress induced in lung during exposure to e-liquid.