Optimal Choice of Pharmacological Therapy - Prevention of Stroke and Assessment of Bleeding Risk in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation.

Background: The aim of the study was to highlight the importance of adequate anticoagulant therapy and the correlation of higher risk of stroke.

Methods: This study analyzed data obtained from 103 patients with diagnosis of atrial fibrillation (AF) (39 of them had a stroke). Patients were divided into groups according to the CHADS, CHADS-VASc, and HASBLED scores.

Variations in Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Serum Levels in Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy-Treated Patients.

Introduction: Renal vasculature is extremely sensitive to vasoconstrictor effects of endothelin (ET), while nitric oxide (NO) has special role in several pathological renal conditions.

Aim: The aim of this study to examine the presence, character, and degree of changes in NO and ET levels in the serum of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)-treated patients with nephrolithiasis.

Patients And Methods: This study included a total of 60 patients that were divided in two groups: Group I ( = 24), in which a total of 2000SWs were administered; 0-2 units; (0.

Rare Diseases and Orphan Drugs Accessibility in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Introduction: Rare diseases are becoming more and more important since awareness is increasing. There are a lot of initiatives to ensure access to orphan drugs intended to treat these diseases but due to high price patients have low access and policy makers and payers are struggling with costs and assuring patient access rights to the available medication.

Aim: Objective of this study is to assess current situation regarding rare diseases in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) and availability of orphan drugs.

How Cost-of-Illness (COI) Study Provides Direct and Indirect Costs of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) in Bosnia and Herzegovina ?

Background: This cost-of-illness (COI) study provides deep insight in direct and indirect costs of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BH).

Aim: Objective of this study was to analyze the costs and quality of life (QoL) of patients with MS in BH.

Patients And Methods: We applied the same methodology already used in study conducted across nine European countries.

EFFECTIVE DOSES ESTIMATED FROM THE RESULTS OF DIRECT RADON AND THORON PROGENY SENSORS (DRPS/DTPS), EXPOSED IN SELECTED REGIONS OF BALKANS.

The main contribution to population exposure is due to radon and thoron progenies and not radon itself. The aim of this study was therefore to estimate annual effective dose using the results of Direct Radon and Thoron Progeny Sensors were exposed in 69 selected schools and 319 dwellings in several regions of Balkans: in Serbia: regions of Sokobanja and Kosovo and Metohija, Republic of Macedonia, Republic of Srpska and Slovenia. Obtained average total effective doses are in the range from 0.

Invasive Aspergillosis After Kidney Transplant-Treatment Approach.

Aim: Aim of the article was to present a case of post transplantation invasive aspergillosis, successfully treated with conservative and surgical treatment.

Case Report: Patient, male, 44 years old, with second kidney transplant, required special preparation therapy, because he was sensitized, with concentration of Panel Reactive Antibody (PRA) class I 11% and PRA class II 76%. On the day of transplantation, induction was done with - ( and glucocorticosteroids.

SOMAscan-based proteomic measurements of plasma brain natriuretic peptide are decreased in mild cognitive impairment and in Alzheimer's dementia patients.

Alzheimer's disease represents the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorder and a leading cause of progressive cognitive impairment. Predicting cognitive decline is challenging but would be invaluable in an increasingly aging population which also experiences a rising cardiovascular risk. In order to examine whether plasma measurements of one of the established biomarkers of heart failure, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), reflect a decline in cognitive function, associated with Alzheimer's disease neurodegeneration, BNP levels were analysed, by using a novel assay called a SOMAscan, in 1.

Alcohol-Related Liver Disease Is Rarely Detected at Early Stages Compared With Liver Diseases of Other Etiologies Worldwide.

Background & Aims: Despite recent advances in treatment of viral hepatitis, liver-related mortality is high, possibly owing to the large burden of advanced alcohol-related liver disease (ALD). We investigated whether patients with ALD are initially seen at later stages of disease development than patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection or other etiologies.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of 3453 consecutive patients with either early or advanced liver disease (1699 patients with early and 1754 with advanced liver disease) seen at 17 tertiary care liver or gastrointestinal units worldwide, from August 2015 through March 2017.

JavaScript Algorithm for Quantifier Elimination in Epidemiology.

Introduction: Quantifier Elimination gives us perfect insight into the most basic world of the computer, its origin, its primer functions and it basic operations. Carefully designed and programmed Algorithm for Quantifier Elimination makes the quantifier elimination from the quantified formulas much easier and much more comprehensive.

Aim: This paper explains how Quantifier Elimination algorithm can be used in the field of Biology, or to be more specific, in the field of Epidemiology.

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy effect on renal arterial resistive index changing.

Aim To investigate a correlation between resistive index (RI) level changes following extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) in treated and non-treated kidneys depending on the ESWL treatment intensity. The study was conducted on 60 subjects, which were divided in two groups according to age and treatment protocol. Results In the group of patients younger than 55 years of age there was a significant increase in mean RI values, on the first (p=0.

Lafora Disease during a Seven-Year Period, Bosnian and Herzegovinian experience.

Lafora progressive myoclonus epilepsy (Lafora disease, LD) is a fatal autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder (with an onset in teenage years in previously normal adolescents). This paper represents a view of a patient diagnosed with Lafora progressive myoclonus epilepsy, over a course of seven years. A description of the initial manifestation of symptoms, doctors' attempts to combat the symptoms with drug treatment, further attempts towards reaching the correct diagnosis, the final confirmation of the Lafora diagnosis (mutation in the gene), and the current state of the patient is presented.

Effect of myocardial infarction on the occurrence of erectile dysfunction.

Aim To investigate etiological link between acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and the accompanying impotence/erectile dysfunction (ED). Methods Study included 99 male patients (48 who had AMI - patient group, and 51 healthy examinees without previous cardiovascular disease - control group). All patients completed a standardized questionnaire, the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5).

Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Docking Studies of Benzoxazoles Derived from Thymoquinone.

Thymoquinone (), a natural compound with antimicrobial and antitumor activity, was used as the starting molecule for the preparation of 3-aminothymoquinone () from which ten novel benzoxazole derivatives were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and NMR (¹H, C) spectroscopy in solution. The crystal structure of 4-methyl-2-phenyl-7-isopropyl-1,3-benzoxazole-5-ol () has been determined by X-ray diffraction. All compounds were tested for their antibacterial, antifungal and antitumor activities.

Troponin and CRP as Indicators of Possible Ventricular Arrhythmias in Myocardial Infarction of the Anterior and Inferior Walls of the Heart.

Introduction: Heart rhythm disorders are quite common in the clinical course of acute myocardial infarction and have a significant influence on the prognosis of the disease.

Aim: To investigate the type and frequency of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) by sex and age, according to localization of myocardial infarction, and correlated with troponin and C reactive protein (CRP).

Material And Methods: A prospective, analytical, comparative clinical study was performed.

The development of myeloperoxidase inhibitors.

Myeloperoxidase (MPO), an abundant hemoprotein present in neutrophils and monocytes, plays a significant role in immune surveillance and host defense mechanisms. However, increased MPO activity has been linked to a number of pathologies with compelling evidence in initiation and progression of inflammatory events. As a result, search for active compounds that can efficiently inhibit MPO activity and subsequently decrease inflammatory events has been focus of the current research.

Prevention of Possible Toxic Effects on the Kidney Graft with Parvus Tardus Waveform.

The aim of this study was to present a patient (acute allograft dysfunction after a kidney transplantation) with previously detected minimum plaque on both iliac arteries by scintigram and afterward a pathological Color Doppler Ultrasound (CDU) record and to point on possibility of avoiding toxic computed tomography (CT) angiography in certain renal graft recipients. Ultrasound (US) findings showed normal graft size, whereas Doppler signals detected parvus-tardus waveforms pointing to arterial stenosis. Isotope perfusion scintigraphy registered a slow flow on both iliac arteries and normal graft perfusion.

Mortality and Functional Disability of Poststroke Delirium.

Introduction: Small number of studies have evaluated the mortality and the degree of functional disability of post-stroke delirium, and our aim was to determine that.

Patients And Methods: Comprehensive neuropsychological assessments were performed within the first week of stroke onset, at hospital discharge, and followed-up for 3, 6 and 12 months after stroke. We used diagnostic tools such as Glasgow Coma Scale, Delirium Rating Scale, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and Mini-Mental State.

Pharmacoeconomic Analysis of Antiepileptic Reimbursement for Neuropathic Pain in Bosnia and Herzegovina - Budget Impact Analysis of Pregabalin.

Introduction: Neuropathic pain resulting from injury to the nervous system. Up to 7% to 8% of the European population is affected. A number of different treatments for neuropathic pain have been studied including antiepileptic.

Clinical antibacterial effectiveness and biocompatibility of gaseous ozone after incomplete caries removal.

Objectives: To evaluate local effect of gaseous ozone on bacteria in deep carious lesions after incomplete caries removal, using chlorhexidine as control, and to investigate its effect on pulp vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), and superoxide dismutase (SOD).

Materials And Methods: Antibacterial effect was evaluated in 48 teeth with diagnosed deep carious lesion. After incomplete caries removal, teeth were randomly allocated into two groups regarding the cavity disinfectant used: ozone (open system) or 2% chlorhexidine.

Exercise-Associated Muscle Cramp-Doubts About the Cause.

Introduction: Exercise-associated muscle cramp (EAMC) is one of the most common conditions that occur during or immediately after the exercise, with questionable etiology.

Aim: Aim of article was to present doubts about the cause of EAMC, whether it is primarily a neurological condition or it is water and salt imbalance.

Results: Strongest evidence supports the neuromuscular aetiology with the focus on the muscle fatigue.