Dolutegravir metabolism: impact of genetic variations on uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase subfamilies.

Dolutegravir (DTG) is a key drug used to treat human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infections. Adverse events (AEs) of DTG treatment, including headache, anxiety, depression, insomnia, and abnormal dreams, are influenced by sex, body weight, age, and serum bilirubin levels. DTG is mainly metabolised by members of the uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A subfamilies (UGT1As), especially UGT1A1.

Pneumoparotid with imaging findings: A case report and review of literature.

Background: Pneumoparotid is a rare disease associated with retrograde airflow into the ductal system. There is no established treatment for this disease, which has no known complications. Mouth puffing and playing wind instruments are known to be the causes of this disease.

Clinical outcomes of challenging out-of-hospital hypothermia management: A retrospective assessment of DOKEI protocol.

Background: Accidental hypothermia (AH) is a major cause of death in mountainous areas globally, and the second highest of mountaineering deaths in Japan, accounting for 37 % in Hokkaido. Managing AH is a significant challenge, particularly when adverse weather complicates the application of recommended rewarming and rapid transfer. To address this, the Hokkaido Police Organization (DOKEI) AH protocol was applied in Hokkaido's remote areas from 2011 to 2022, integrating high-temperature active external rewarming (HT-AER) with on-site sustained treatment.

Prospective investigation of calcium score in optical coherence tomography-guided revascularization to identify lesions with low risk for stent under expansion: the CORAL study.

The optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based calcium scoring system was developed to guide optimal lesion preparation strategies for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of calcified lesions. However, the score was derived retrospectively, and a prospective investigation is lacking. The CORAL (UMIN000053266) study was a single-arm, prospective, multicenter study that included patients with calcified lesions with OCT-calcium score of 1-2 to investigate whether these lesions could be optimally treated with a balloon-only preparation strategy using a non-compliant/scoring/cutting balloon.

Use of a long-term continuous glucose monitor for predicting sulfonylurea dose in patients with neonatal diabetes mellitus: a case series.

Neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) is a monogenic form of diabetes that presents with uncontrolled hyperglycemia during the first 6 months of life. NDM is a rare disease in which gene variants mainly cause β-cell loss or dysfunction (6q24 duplication, , and ). Although NDM is primarily treated through insulin therapy, it is highly challenging to manage blood glucose levels using insulin therapy during infancy.

Evaluating Cellularity Estimation Methods: Comparing AI Counting with Pathologists' Visual Estimates.

The development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) has enabled the discovery of cancer-specific driver gene alternations, making precision medicine possible. However, accurate genetic testing requires a sufficient amount of tumor cells in the specimen. The evaluation of tumor content ratio (TCR) from hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained images has been found to vary between pathologists, making it an important challenge to obtain an accurate TCR.

Effectiveness and Persistency of Ustekinumab Treatment for Ulcerative Colitis: A Phoenix retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Real-world data regarding ustekinumab (UST) for ulcerative colitis (UC) particularly in biologics-naïve patients is currently limited. This study aimed to elucidate the real-world effectiveness and safety of UST for UC.

Methods: Overall, 150 patients with UC treated with UST from March 2020 to January 2023 were enrolled across 7 referral hospitals.

[A Questionnaire Survey of Nurses on Pharmacist Services in the Emergency Rooms at Tokushukai Medical Group].

We conducted a multicenter survey of emergency room nurses to obtain information that would be useful for the establishment of pharmacist services in emergency rooms. Notably, 199 valid responses were obtained from 12 hospitals. The most common expectation from pharmacists in the emergency room was "drug management" (70.

Effectiveness and Factors Associated with Response to Golimumab in Japanese Patients with Ulcerative Colitis in Real Clinical Practice: The Phoenix Study.

Introduction: There have been limited reports on the clinical efficacy of golimumab (GLM) in Japanese patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) in real clinical practice. This study aimed to explore the real-life effectiveness and factors associated with response to GLM in Japanese patients with UC.

Methods: This observational, retrospective, multicenter study was conducted in hospitals with expertise in inflammatory bowel disease treatment.

Evaluation of the activities of the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the foot during toe flexion with or without interphalangeal joint flexion using ultrasound shear wave elastography.

The intrinsic muscles of the foot are important to maintain the arch of the foot and to participate in sports activities. Using ultrasound shear wave elastography, we investigated the effect of different toe flexion methods on the activity of the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the foot. The study included 15 healthy adults who performed toe flexion under 2 conditions: with interphalangeal (IP) joint flexion and without IP joint flexion.

Community-acquired bacteremia in liver cirrhosis: A case report.

is a Gram-negative bacterium, usually considered a nosocomial pathogen. Its role in community-acquired infections has been reported, but it is still not typically included in differential diagnoses of patients not exposed to the healthcare system. Recently, some reports suggested that liver diseases might also act as a possible risk factor for community-acquired bloodstream infection.

Anterior Malreduction is Associated With Lag Screw Cutout After Internal Fixation of Intertrochanteric Fractures.

Background: Lag screw cutout is a devastating complication after internal fixation of an intertrochanteric fracture. Although the tip-apex distance (TAD) is known to be associated with this complication, another factor we thought was potentially important-fracture reduction on an oblique lateral view-has not, to our knowledge, been explored.

Questions/purposes: (1) Is a well-reduced fracture position on an oblique lateral view after internal fixation of intertrochanteric fracture associated with a lower odds of postoperative cutout, independently of the TAD? (2) Is postoperative sliding of the lag screw after fixation associated with postoperative cutout?

Methods: Patients with intertrochanteric fractures who were at least 65 years old and who had been treated with internal fixation in one of six facilities between July 2011 and December 2017 were included.

Effect of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Vancomycin on the Clinical Outcome of Bacteremia.

Background/aim: Vancomycin (VCM) is an antibiotic widely used in the treatment of resistant bacteria. In patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection, the clinical outcome differs according to the VCM minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of isolates. However, the effect of VCM MIC on the clinical outcome is unclear for bacterial species other than MRSA.

The Role of Aquaporin 1 in Water Retention Mechanism of Arachnoid Cysts: Insights from 3 Case Reports.

BACKGROUND Although arachnoid cysts are common lesions, the pathogenesis of their continuous growth remains unclear. We aimed to identify the role of aquaporins in arachnoid cyst specimens. CASE REPORT We selected 3 cases from our own facility and examined arachnoid cyst wall specimens, which were sampled intraoperatively.

Successful endoscopic submucosal dissection of colorectal lipoma with an overlying adenoma.

We report the case of a 65-year-old woman whose colonoscopy revealed a soft submucosal tumor approximately 7 cm in diameter in the ascending colon with an overlying flat lesion. The tumor was diagnosed as a lipoma with an overlying adenoma. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was performed.

Repetitive administration of cultured human CD34+ cells improve adenine-induced kidney injury in mice.

Background: There is no established treatment to impede the progression or restore kidney function in human chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Aim: To examine the efficacy of cultured human CD34+ cells with enhanced proliferating potential in kidney injury in mice.

Methods: Human umbilical cord blood (UCB)-derived CD34+ cells were incubated for one week in vasculogenic conditioning medium.

Gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic gland type with autoimmune gastritis.

An 87-year-old man with dysphagia presented to our hospital. He was diagnosed with autoimmune gastritis (AIG) with severe atrophy and hypergastrinemia. The patient was positive for parietal cell antibody (PCA) and anti-intrinsic factor antibody (IFA), without evidence of H.