Different psychopathological courses between chronic interictal psychosis and schizophrenia.

Objective: The clinical course of interictal psychosis (IIP) has not yet been investigated. We aimed to compared the psychopathology and time-relevant indices between chronic IIP (CIIP) and schizophrenia (SC) METHODS: In this comprehensive psychopathological study, patients with chronic psychosis with and without epilepsy (127 with CIIP and 187 with SC) were compared. Psychopathology was measured using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS): total, negative symptoms (NSs), positive symptoms (PSs), and anxiety-depressive symptoms (ADSs).

The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus at 50: Looking Back, Then Looking Forward.

It has been 50 years since the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) was first identified as the central circadian clock and 25 years since the last overview of developments in the field was published in the . Here, we explore new mechanisms and concepts that have emerged in the subsequent 25 years. Since 1997, methodological developments, such as luminescent and fluorescent reporter techniques, have revealed intricate relationships between cellular and network-level mechanisms.

A fixed single meal in the subjective day prevents free-running of the human sleep-wake cycle but not of the circadian pacemaker under temporal isolation.

Effects of a fixed single meal per day were examined on the circadian pacemaker and sleep-wake cycle in subjects under temporal isolation. When the time of single meal was allowed to take at any time of day (ad-lib meal), the sleep-wake cycle as well as the circadian rhythms in plasma melatonin, cortisol, and core body temperature were significantly phase-delayed in 8 days. On the other hand, when the time of meal was fixed at 1800 h in local time (RF meal), the phase-shift of sleep-wake cycle was not significant while those of the circadian rhythms were significant.

Phase Gradients and Anisotropy of the Suprachiasmatic Network: Discovery of Phaseoids.

Biological neural networks operate at several levels of granularity, from the individual neuron to local neural circuits to networks of thousands of cells. The daily oscillation of the brain's master clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) rests on a yet to be identified network of connectivity among its ∼20,000 neurons. The SCN provides an accessible model to explore neural organization at several levels of organization.

Predictive factors for hyperglycaemic progression in patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.

Background: Patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder have a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

Aims: To identify predictive factors for hyperglycaemic progression in individuals with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and to determine whether hyperglycaemic progression rates differ among antipsychotics in regular clinical practice.

Method: We recruited 1166 patients who initially had normal or prediabetic glucose levels for a nationwide, multisite, l-year prospective cohort study to determine predictive factors for hyperglycaemic progression.

Dissociative experiences in epilepsy: effects of epilepsy-related factors on pathological dissociation.

Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNESs) in patients with epilepsy can be categorized as dissociative disorders. The prevalence of PNESs in patients with epilepsy appears to be much higher than that of dissociative experiences in nonclinical subjects. In order to clarify as to whether epilepsy-related factors were associated with pathological dissociation, we conducted a controlled study with 225 patients with epilepsy and 334 nonclinically matched individuals.

Long-term efficacy and tolerability of quetiapine in patients with schizophrenia who switched from other antipsychotics because of inadequate therapeutic response-a prospective open-label study.

Background: While the frequency and importance of antipsychotic switching in patients with schizophrenia, there is insufficient evidence with regard to switching strategy. Quetiapine is one of the drugs of choice for switch because of its unique receptor profile. However, there were no data on the long-term clinical and neurocognitive effect of quetiapine in patients who had responded inadequately to prior antipsychotics.

Biphenotypic Acute Leukemia with t(15;17) Lacking Promyelocytic-retinoid Acid Receptor α Rearrangement.

Biphenotypic acute leukemias (BAL) account for less than 4% of all cases of acute leukemia. Philadelphia chromosome and 11q23 rearrangement are the most frequently found cytogenetic abnormalities. Since t(15;17) is almost always associated with acute promyelocytic leukemia, t(15;17) in BAL cases is extremely uncommon.

Effects of bright light exposure on heart rate variability during sleep in young women.

To investigate the effects of evening bright light on the autonomic nervous system, heart rate variability (HRV) during sleep was analyzed in dim light (DL) and bright light (BL) conditions. We recorded polysomnography in nine healthy young women aged 20-21 years. Time series of % delta power was calculated in the 0.

Effect of short duration morning bright light in elderly men: sleep structure.

Sleep structure was measured in five healthy elderly men in their homes. The subjects were exposed to bright light (6000 lx) for 30 min in the morning or instructed to sit in front of a desktop lighting device without light. Relative to the control conditions, bright light exposure significantly decreased time in bed and the number of awakenings.

Effects of moderately bright light on subjective evaluations in healthy elderly women.

Eight healthy elderly women aged 56-72 years (mean age: 67.4 years) participated in this study. They were exposed to moderately bright light (1000 lux) for 1h in the morning every 6 days in their homes.

Effects of short duration morning bright light in healthy elderly. II: sleep and motor activity.

Subjective sleep feelings and motor activity were measured in seven healthy elderly subjects for 6 days. The subjects were exposed to bright light (6000 lux) for 30 min in the morning or instructed to sit in front of a desktop lighting device without light. The average level of motor activity during the night was significantly decreased in the bright light condition, compared with the controlled condition.

Gender differences in self-evaluated sleep quality and activity of middle-aged and aged subjects.

In order to investigate the gender difference of sleep and activity in middle-aged and aged individuals, home-based sleep was self-evaluated for sleep quality and activity for 5 nights in 20 healthy adults (50-76 years old; 11 women, nine men). There was no significant gender difference for subjective sleep quality. However, the activity level and movement index at night were significantly higher in men than in women, and the activity level during the day was significantly lower in men than in women.

[Non-24-hour sleep-wake syndrome].

The sleep-wake cycle in non-24-hour sleep-wake syndrome is longer than 24 hours. Patients go to bed a little bit later each day and then can not fall asleep and wake up at the usual time. The same sleep patterns and free running rhythms in healthy subjects have been seen in temporal isolation.