Structural complexity of the craniofacial trabecular bone in multiple myeloma assessed by fractal analysis.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the structural complexity of craniofacial trabecular bone in multiple myeloma by fractal analysis of panoramic and lateral skull radiography, and to compare the fractal dimension values of healthy patients (HPs), pre-treatment patients (PTPs), and patients during bisphosphonate treatment (DTPs).

Materials And Methods: Pairs of digital panoramic and lateral skull radiographs of 84 PTPs and 72 DTPs were selected. After application of exclusion criteria, 43 panoramic and 84 lateral skull radiographs of PTPs, 56 panoramic and 72 lateral skull radiographs of DTPs, and 99 panoramic radiographs of age- and sex-matched HPs were selected.

Risk factors associated with head and neck cancer in former smokers: A Brazilian multicentric study.

Background: Reduced tobacco consumption in the population has not been associated with reduced incidence rates of head and neck cancer in several countries.

Objective: To explore the associations between HNC and sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle of former smokers from three Brazilian cancer centers.

Methods: A multicenter case-control study was conducted with 229 former smokers diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx, and 318 controls (former smokers without head and neck cancer).

Comprehensive management of nonmelanoma skin cancer involving the skull base.

Purpose Of Review: Skin cancers are the most prevalent malignant disorder affecting humans. Approximately 90% of these are nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), and large tumors, especially at the 'H-zone', can invade deeply and access the skull base. The best treatment for these very advanced skin cancers is craniofacial resection followed by adjuvant treatment, but, currently, systemic therapy and neoadjuvant approaches could be considered for some patients.

Active Surveillance of Thyroid Microcarcinomas: a Critical View.

Purpose Of The Review: There has been an increasing interest on active surveillance for papillary thyroid microcarcinomas (PTMC) in the literature. We will analyze the contributions of those authors who support this approach in most patients with low-risk tumors.

Recent Findings: The development of molecular methods to effectively detect aggressive PTMC at the fine-needle aspiration biopsy will enable the sound indication of immediate surgery in those patients, assuring the other individuals with the far more frequent indolent PTMC will undergo active surveillance with less anxiety.

Cephaeline is an inductor of histone H3 acetylation and inhibitor of mucoepidermoid carcinoma cancer stem cells.

Aim: To evaluate the potential use of Cephaeline as a therapeutic strategy to manage mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MEC) of the salivary glands.

Material And Methods: UM-HMC-1, UM-HMC-2, and UM-HMC-3A MEC cell lines were used to establish the effects of Cephaeline over tumor viability determined by MTT assay. In vitro wound healing scratch assays were performed to address cellular migration while immunofluorescence staining for histone H3 lysine 9 (H3k9ac) was used to identify the acetylation status of tumor cells upon Cephaeline administration.

Survival in differentiated thyroid carcinoma: Comparison between the 7th and 8th editions of the AJCC/UICC TNM staging system and the ATA initial risk stratification system.

Background: The AJCC/UICC TNM staging system evaluates the risk of death from cancer. Its 8th edition aimed to increase its accuracy. In turn, the American Thyroid Association proposed an initial risk stratification system (IRSS) focusing on the risk of recurrence in differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

Confocal endomicroscopy and robot-assisted bronchoplasty integration to treat an endobronchial tumour.

We present a case of a young man with an endobronchial carcinoid in the left main bronchus, which was treated integrating probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy and fluorescence imaging during a robot-assisted bronchoplasty. This technique allowed precise detection of the neoplastic area, avoiding associated lung resection. The incorporation of new technologies to our current practice may lead to a better approach to airway tumours.

Direct costs associated with the management of mucositis: A systematic review.

Mucositis is one of the more frequent and costly adverse events following cancer treatment. To evaluate and report the direct economic outcomes associated with the management of mucositis across several cancer treatments we conducted a systematic review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Scopus, MEDLINE/PubMed, and Embase were searched electronically and a total of 37 relevant studies were included.

Impact of head and neck radiotherapy on the longevity of dental adhesive restorations: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Statement Of Problem: Established restorative protocols for patients after head and neck radiotherapy are lacking, increasing the failure rates of dental adhesive restorations.

Purpose: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to analyze the evidence regarding the impact of head and neck radiotherapy on the longevity of dental adhesive restorations.

Material And Methods: A search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Embase in May 2018 (updated in November 2020).

Factors Associated with the Costs of Palliative Care: A Retrospective Cost Analysis at a University Cancer Hospital in Brazil.

There have been few studies evaluating the costs of palliative care (PC) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), especially for patients with cancer. The objective of this study was to identify the sociodemographic and clinical variables that could explain the cost per day of PC for cancer in Brazil. This was a retrospective cost analysis of PC at a quaternary cancer center in São Paulo, Brazil, between January 2010 and December 2013.

Robot-assisted retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy: The state of art.

Objective: To perform a narrative review about the role of robot-assisted retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy (R-RPLND) in the management of testicular cancer.

Methods: A PubMed search for all relevant publications regarding the R-RPLND series up until August 2019 was performed. The largest series were identified, and weighted means calculated for outcomes using the number of patients included in each study as the weighting factor.

Robot-assisted endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy: A review of current outcomes.

Objective: To review the role of robot-assisted endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy (RAIL) in the management of penile cancer.

Methods: A PubMed search for all relevant publications regarding RAIL series up until August 2019 was performed using the keyword "robotic", "inguinal lymph node dissection", and "penile cancer". Weighted mean was calculated in the largest series for all outcomes using the number of patients included in each study as the weighting factor.

Tongue Nodule as Primary Manifestation of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in an Immunocompetent Patient.

Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease considered an endemic public health problem in developing countries, where it is a reportable disease. Isolated oral manifestation is rare, and its clinical manifestations are variable. In this paper we describe an unusual case of an immunocompetent patient, 57-year-old man with a painless reddish submucosal nodule located on the tongue dorsum.

Clinicopathological analysis and survival outcomes of primary salivary gland tumors in pediatric patients: A systematic review.

Background: Salivary gland tumors are a diverse group of uncommon neoplasms that are rare in pediatric patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathological profile and survival outcomes of pediatric patients affected by salivary gland tumors.

Materials And Methods: An extensive search was carried out using the MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus databases, and grey literature.

Oral leukoplakia and erythroplakia in young patients: a systematic review.

Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency of oral leukoplakia and oral erythroplakia in young patients.

Study Design: The systematic review was based on the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines and performed in the following electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Embase. The studies included were cross-sectional, cohort, and diagnostic, which provided with clinical and microscopic data of patients younger than 40 years.

Global prevalence of human papillomavirus-driven oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma following the ASCO guidelines: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: to provide accurate information about the global prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC).

Material And Methods: a systematic review was performed using three main electronic databases. Studies were independently assessed by two reviewers based on established eligibility criteria, to identify the prevalence of HPV-driven OPSCC following criteria defined by the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

Strategic use of obturator prostheses for the rehabilitation of oral cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.

During the current pandemic scenario, maxillofacial rehabilitation specialists involved with supportive care in cancer must transform its practice to cope with COVID-19 and improve protocols that could quickly return the oral function of complex cancer patients who cannot wait for surgical complex rehabilitation. This includes the role of the maxillofacial prosthodontist for the rehabilitation of surgically treated patients with maxillary cancers by the means of filling obturator prostheses that are considered an optimal scientific-based strategy to reduce hospital stay with excellent pain control, oral function (speech, swallowing, mastication, and facial esthetics), psychologic and quality of life outcomes for the patients following intraoral cancer resection. Therefore, the aim of this commentary was to bring new lights to the strategic use of obturator prostheses for the rehabilitation of oral cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic as well as to present a protocol for managing such cases.

Effects of Aerobic Exercise Protocol on Genes Related to Insulin Resistance and Inflammation in the Pancreas of ob/ob Mice with NAFLD.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of 8 weeks of aerobic training on insulin resistance and inflammatory response in obese mice (ob/ob) with NAFLD.

Materials And Methods: Male ob/ob mice were randomly divided into sedentary (n=7) and trained (n=7) groups. Aerobic training consisted of 5 weekly sessions, 60 min per session at 60% of the maximum speed of the running test.

Radiation-related caries: current diagnostic, prognostic, and management paradigms.

Objective And Study Design: This narrative review summarizes the current state of art of radiation-related caries (RC), an aggressive disease that affects approximately 30% of post-head and neck radiotherapy (HNRT) patients.

Results: RC mainly affects the tooth cervical areas and incisal/cuspal tips and develops 6 to 12 months after HNRT. Early RC signs include black/brownish tooth discoloration and enamel cracks, which progress to enamel delamination, exposing underlying dentin to a highly cariogenic oral environment and rapid tooth destruction/dental crown amputation.

Global frequency and distribution of head and neck cancer in pediatrics, a systematic review.

Background: Incidence and mortality rates of childhood cancer represent a global public health issue, however, the worldwide prevalence of head and neck cancer in pediatric patients (HNCPP) is still unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the frequency and distribution of HNCPP worldwide.

Methods: A specific search strategy was performed using MEDLINE, Scopus, and EMBASE to include studies based on hospital records, national cancer registries, and pathology files.