Prefrontal transcranial direct current stimulation over the right prefrontal cortex reduces proactive and reactive control performance towards emotional material in healthy individuals.

The prefrontal cortex plays a crucial role in cognitive processes, both during anticipatory and reactive modes of cognitive control. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) can modulate these cognitive resources. However, there is a lack of research exploring the impact of tDCS on emotional material processing in the prefrontal cortex, particularly in regard to proactive and reactive modes of cognitive control.

Development and validation of a case study to aid in the diagnostic reasoning of nursing students and nurses.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to develop and validate a case study to aid in the diagnostic reasoning of nursing students and nurses.

Methods: It is a validation study using a case study based on Lunney's method including (1) content validation of the case study by nurse experts through the Delphi technique, (2) identification of nursing diagnoses (NDs) in the case, (3) evaluation of diagnostic accuracy, and (4) establishment of a priority diagnosis by nurse experts.

Findings: The case study was developed from the findings of a narrative literature review on the cues of the NDs with a prevalence > 50% in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease.

Perineural Invasion as Worsening Criterion for Salivary Gland Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma.

Mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MECs) are a form of salivary gland malignancy. They are classified according to histological grade and perineural invasion (PNI). In another cancer subtypes, positive-PNI suggests increased poor prognosis; however, the role of isolated positive-PNI salivary gland MEC can still be better investigated as a risk factor.

Photobiomodulation Associated With Conservative Treatment for Achilles Tendon Rupture: A Double-Blind, Superiority, Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To investigate the effects of photobiomodulation on Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) treated conservatively.

Design: Prospective, patient- and assessor-blinded, parallel, randomized controlled trial.

Setting: Patients with acute ATR treated conservatively.

Implementing a multisector public-private partnership to improve urban hypertension management in low-and middle- income countries.

Background: Cardiovascular disease presents an increasing health burden to low- and middle-income countries. Although ample therapeutic options and care improvement frameworks exist to address its prime risk factor, hypertension, blood pressure control rates remain poor. We describe the results of an effectiveness study of a multisector urban population health initiative that targets hypertension in a real-world implementation setting in cities across three continents.

One week pre-operative oral antibiotics for percutaneous nephrolithotomy reduce risk of infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: The aim of this meta-analysis is to assess the efficacy of extended dose of preoperative antibiotics to reduce infectious risk in patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).

Materials And Methods: A literature search for prospective case-control studies or randomized controlled trials was done. PICO framework was used.

Diet consistency modification improves postprandial glycemic and gastroparesis symptoms.

Abstract: Diabetic gastroparesis (DGP) is an autonomic neuropathy resulting from long-standing poorly controlled diabetes, and it is also linked to fluctuations in glycemic control due to variability on nutrient absorption.

Objectives: Considering the scarcity of information, the aim of this study was to identify the impact of modifications on diet consistency on post-prandial glucose variability using a continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and its effect on the perception and severity of gastrointestinal symptoms.

Methods: This proof-of-concept study was carried out in a cross-sectional cohort of six individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus with confirmed diagnosis of DGP.

Effects of dexmedetomidine on hemodynamic, oxygenation, microcirculation, and inflammatory markers in a porcine model of sepsis.

Purpose: To determine whether dexmedetomidine aggravates hemodynamic, metabolic variables, inflammatory markers, and microcirculation in experimental septic shock.

Methods: Twenty-four pigs randomized into: Sham group (n = 8), received saline; Shock group (n = 8), received an intravenous infusion of Escherichia coli O55 (3 × 109 cells/mL, 0.75 mL/kg, 1 hour); Dex-Shock group (n = 8), received bacteria and intravenous dexmedetomidine (bolus 0.

Brain Perfusion Alterations Induced by Standalone and Combined Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation over the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex.

Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) interventions are promising for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Notwithstanding, the NIBS mechanisms of action over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), a hub that modulates affective and cognitive processes, have not been completely mapped. We aimed to investigate regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) changes over the DLPFC and the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) of different NIBS protocols using Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT).

"Non-metastatic, Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer: Diagnostic and Treatment Recommendations by an Expert Panel from Brazil".

Introduction: Non-metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) is an important clinical stage of prostate cancer, prior to morbidity and mortality from clinical metastases. In particular, the introduction of novel androgen-receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSi) has changed the therapeutic landscape in nmCRPC. Given recent developments in this field, we update our recommendations for the management of nmCRPC.

Comparing machine learning algorithms for multimorbidity prediction: An example from the Elsa-Brasil study.

Background: Multimorbidity is a worldwide concern related to greater disability, worse quality of life, and mortality. The early prediction is crucial for preventive strategies design and integrative medical practice. However, knowledge about how to predict multimorbidity is limited, possibly due to the complexity involved in predicting multiple chronic diseases.

Cardiopulmonary capacity and muscle strength in transgender women on long-term gender-affirming hormone therapy: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: For transgender women (TW) on oestrogen therapy, the effects of prior exposure to testosterone during puberty on their performance, mainly cardiopulmonary capacity (CPC), while exerting physical effort are unknown. Our objective was to evaluate CPC and muscle strength in TW undergoing long-term gender-affirming hormone therapy.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 15 TW (34.

Transcranial direct current stimulation versus intermittent theta-burst stimulation for the improvement of working memory performance.

Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques have been increasingly used over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) to enhance working memory (WM) performance. Notwithstanding, NIBS protocols have shown either small or inconclusive cognitive effects on healthy and neuropsychiatric samples. Therefore, we assessed working memory performance and safety of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS), and both therapies combined vs placebo over the neuronavigated left DLPFC of healthy participants.

Microsurgical arterial anastomosis in young and adult rats: an evolutive and comparative study.

Purpose: To evaluate the caliber of an arterial micro-anastomosis in the young growing animal using a continuous suture technique. Additionally, late morphological changes and blood flows distal to the anastomosis were evaluated.

Methods: Seventy-four Wistar rats were submitted to laparotomy to access the aorta for blood flow measurement.

Impact of customised ICU handover protocol on the quality of ICU discharge reports.

Background: The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the impact of implementing a handover protocol, based on a standardised mnemonic tool specific for a cardiovascular intensive care unit (ICU), on the quality of information transferred during ICU discharge.

Methods: In this prospective pre-post study, we evaluated the implementation of an ICU discharge handover protocol in 168 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The primary outcome was the quality of the information.

Patient-Reported Outcomes after Subpectoral Breast Augmentation with Microtextured or Macrotextured Implants Using the BREAST-Q.

 Breast augmentation with implants is the most commonly performed cosmetic plastic surgery in Brazil and worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess patient satisfaction and quality of life following subpectoral breast augmentation with either microtextured or macrotextured implants, using the BREAST-Q.  A prospective study was conducted with 40 women with hypomastia undergoing subpectoral breast augmentation.

Cost-Effectiveness of Using the Coronary Artery Calcium Score in Guiding Therapeutic Decisions in Primary Prevention in the Brazilian Population.

Background: The use of the coronary artery calcium score to aid cardiovascular risk stratification may be a more cost-effective tool than the conventional strategy.

Objectives: Evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of the use of the calcium score in therapeutic guidance for primary cardiovascular prevention.

Methods: A microsimulation model to assess the clinical and economic consequences of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, comparing the prevention strategy using the calcium score and the conventional strategy.

Chronic lung lesions in COVID-19 survivors: predictive clinical model.

Objective: This study aimed to propose a simple, accessible and low-cost predictive clinical model to detect lung lesions due to COVID-19 infection.

Design: This prospective cohort study included COVID-19 survivors hospitalised between 30 March 2020 and 31 August 2020 followed-up 6 months after hospital discharge. The pulmonary function was assessed using the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnoea scale, oximetry (SpO), spirometry (forced vital capacity (FVC)) and chest X-ray (CXR) during an in-person consultation.

National multicentric study on the incidence of alcohol burns during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Burns are traumatic wounds that occur when skin is exposed to an amount of energy greater than its maximum dissipation capacity. Alcohol, because it fuels flames and its vapor can cause an explosion, is one of the most common causal agents of burns in Brazil. In late 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic caused a sudden and substantial increase in the use of 70% alcohol (w/v) for antisepsis.

Outcome of liver cancer patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: An International, Multicentre, Cohort Study.

Background & Aims: Information about the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in patients with liver cancer is lacking. This study characterizes the outcomes and mortality risk in this population.

Methods: Multicentre retrospective, cross-sectional, international study of liver cancer patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection registered between February and December 2020.