An endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation-related E2-E3 enzyme pair controls grain size and weight through the brassinosteroid signaling pathway in rice.

Grain size is an important agronomic trait, but our knowledge about grain size determination in crops is still limited. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD) is a special ubiquitin proteasome system that is involved in degrading misfolded or incompletely folded proteins in the ER. Here, we report that SMALL GRAIN 3 (SMG3) and DECREASED GRAIN SIZE 1 (DGS1), an ERAD-related E2-E3 enzyme pair, regulate grain size and weight through the brassinosteroid (BR) signaling pathway in rice (Oryza sativa).

Genome-wide analysis of the SWEET genes in Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin: An insight into two latex-abundant isoforms.

Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin (Tk) is a promising alternative rubber-producing grass. However, low biomass and rubber-producing capability limit its commercial application. As a carbon source transporter in plants, sugar will eventually be exported transporters (SWEETs) have been reported to play pivotal roles in diverse physiological events in the context of carbon assimilate transport and utilization.

Resistance characterization of the natural population and resistance mechanism to pyraclostrobin in Lasiodiplodia theobromae.

Lasiodiplodia theobromae is the main pathogen of mango stem-end rot disease, causing mango fruit decay and major economic loss. QoI resistance has been found in field populations of L. theobromae.

Disease resistance conferred by components of essential chrysanthemum oil and the epigenetic regulation of OsTPS1.

The sesquiterpene alpha-bisabolol is the predominant active ingredient in essential oils that are highly valued in the cosmetics industry due to its wound healing, anti-inflammatory, and skin-soothing properties. Alpha-bisabolol was thought to be restricted to Compositae plants. Here we reveal that alpha-bisabolol is also synthesized in rice, a non-Compositae plant, where it acts as a novel sesquiterpene phytoalexin.

Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses provide insights into metabolic networks during cashew fruit development and ripening.

Cashew nut is a popular food around the world. The high-resolution profiles and dynamics of metabolomes in cashew fruits are poorly understood till now. In this study, we analyzed the temporal metabolome of cashew nut via a non-targeted method based on UHPLC-Q-Exactive-MS, and analyzed that of cashew apple via a widely targeted method based on UHPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS (MRM).

Quantitative trait locus mapping and improved resistance to sclerotinia stem rot in a backbone parent of rapeseed ( L.).

There are three main challenges to improving sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) resistance in rapeseed ( L.). First, breeding materials such as the backbone parents have not been extensively investigated, making the findings of previous studies difficult to directly implement.

Assessment of the Genetic Relationship and Population Structure in Oil-Tea Camellia Species Using Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) Markers.

Oil-tea camellia trees, the collective term for a class of economically valuable woody oil crops in China, have attracted extensive attention because of their rich nutritional and pharmaceutical value. This study aimed to analyze the genetic relationship and genetic diversity of oil-tea camellia species using polymorphic SSR markers. One-hundred and forty samples of five species were tested for genetic diversity using twenty-four SSR markers.

Genome-wide association studies of five free amino acid levels in rice.

Rice ( L.) is one of the important staple foods for human consumption and livestock use. As a complex quality trait, free amino acid (FAA) content in rice is of nutritional importance.

Trehalose 6-Phosphate/SnRK1 Signaling Participates in Harvesting-Stimulated Rubber Production in the Hevea Tree.

Trehalose 6-phosphate (T6P), the intermediate of trehalose biosynthesis and a signaling molecule, affects crop yield via targeting sucrose allocation and utilization. As there have been no reports of T6P signaling affecting secondary metabolism in a crop plant, the rubber tree serves as an ideal model in this regard. Sucrose metabolism critically influences the productivity of natural rubber, a secondary metabolite of industrial importance.

Optimization of Sensors Data Transmission Paths for Pest Monitoring Based on Intelligent Algorithms.

The harm of agricultural pests presents a remarkable effect on the quality and safety of edible farm products and the monitoring and identification of agricultural pests based on the Internet of Things (IoT) produce a large amount of data to be transmitted. To achieve efficient and real-time transmission of the sensors' data for pest monitoring, this paper selects 235 geographic coordinates of agricultural pest monitoring points and uses genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and simulated annealing (SA) to optimize the data transmission paths of sensors. The three intelligent algorithms are simulated by MATLAB software.

Watermelon domestication was shaped by stepwise selection and regulation of the metabolome.

Although crop domestication has greatly aided human civilization, the sequential domestication and regulation of most quality traits remain poorly understood. Here, we report the stepwise selection and regulation of major fruit quality traits that occurred during watermelon evolution. The levels of fruit cucurbitacins and flavonoids were negatively selected during speciation, whereas sugar and carotenoid contents were positively selected during domestication.

encapsulation of iron oxide nanoparticles into nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes as anodic electrode materials of lithium ion batteries.

Fe-based oxides are considered as promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to their high theoretical capacities, low cost, natural abundance and environmental friendliness. However, their severe volume expansion upon cycling and poor conductivity limit their cycling stability and rate capability. To address this issue, a hybrid of FeO nanoparticles encapsulated at the endpoints of nitrogen-doped CNTs (FeO@NCNTs) is designed and prepared using a metal-catalyzed graphitization-nitridization driven tip-growth process and subsequent oxidation in air.

Activity and Point Mutation G699V in PcoORP1 Confer Resistance to Oxathiapiprolin in Field Isolates.

The oxysterol-binding protein inhibitor oxathiapiprolin is a new fungicide for controlling oomycetes diseases. Besides, laboratory mutagenesis oxathiapiprolin-resistance among phytopathogenic oomycetes in the field remains unknown. Here, the sensitivity of 97 isolates to oxathiapiprolin was examined that were collected between 2011 and 2016.

Function of gene in reproductive regulation of (Coquillett) after short-term high-temperature treatment.

Climate change has increased the frequency of extreme heat events. (Coquillett) is an important tropical pest that typically changes its reproductive strategies in response to extremely high temperatures. Newly emerged adults of three consecutive generations (F, F, and F) of (Coquillett) were exposed to 25°C, 33°C, 37°C, 41°C, and 45°C treatments for 1 h to clarify the effects of short-term high temperatures on its reproduction.

Plastome structure, phylogenomic analyses and molecular dating of Arecaceae.

Arecaceae is a species-rich clade of Arecales, while also being regarded as a morphologically diverse angiosperm family with numerous species having significant economic, medicinal, and ornamental value. Although in-depth studies focused on the chloroplast structure of Arecaceae, as well as inferring phylogenetic relationships using gene fragments, have been reported in recent years, a comprehensive analysis of the chloroplast structure of Arecaceae is still needed. Here we perform a comprehensive analysis of the structural features of the chloroplast genome of Arecaceae, compare the variability of gene sequences, infer phylogenetic relationships, estimate species divergence times, and reconstruct ancestral morphological traits.

Regulation Mechanism of Plant Pigments Biosynthesis: Anthocyanins, Carotenoids, and Betalains.

Anthocyanins, carotenoids, and betalains are known as the three major pigments in the plant kingdom. Anthocyanins are flavonoids derived from the phenylpropanoid pathway. They undergo acylation and glycosylation in the cytoplasm to produce anthocyanin derivatives and deposits in the cytoplasm.

Integrative Analysis of Metabolome and Transcriptome Reveals the Role of Strigolactones in Wounding-Induced Rice Metabolic Re-Programming.

Plants have evolved mechanisms to adapt to wounding, a threat occurring separately or concomitantly with other stresses. During the last decades, many efforts have been made to elucidate the wounding signaling transduction. However, we know little about the metabolic re-programming under wounding, let alone whether and how strigolactones (SLs) participate in this progress.