Rosai-Dorfman disease of the trachea: an extremely rare benign tumor.

Rosai-Dorfman disease or sinus histiocytosis is a nonmalignant disease chiefly presenting as a painless cervical lymphadenopathy, although extranodal involvement is also frequent. Involvement of the tracheobronchial tree is extremely rare, and there are no clear guidelines on management. Rosai-Dorfman disease usually presents as a tracheal tumor, although it may also present with extraluminal compression.

Management of Acquired Benign Tracheoesophageal Fistulae.

Acquired benign tracheoesophageal fistula is a rare and challenging clinical condition requiring the combined efforts of team management. Numerous causes have been documented, the most common of which are endotracheal and tracheostomy tube-related injuries. The classic clinical presentation is a persistent and intense cough following deglutition.

Tuberculosis and Other Granulomatous Diseases of the Airway.

Granulomatous diseases of the airway are challenging lesions to diagnose and effectively manage not only because they are uncommon but also because they can occur in different forms, each with unique clinical and radiological characteristics. Most such lesions can be effectively managed conservatively with repeated airway dilatation, use of intraluminal stents, and specific antimicrobial treatment. The only exception is those lesions presenting with localized airway obstruction wherein surgical resection may be indicated and beneficial.