Survey of legislative frameworks and national recommendations governing paediatric maintenance haemodialysis in Europe.

Background: The application of international recommendations for paediatric maintenance haemodialysis (HD) could be strengthened by national laws or written recommendations. Our aim was therefore to describe the national rules governing paediatric maintenance HD in European countries.

Methods: A national representative, approved by the president of each paediatric nephrology society, was contacted in all 42 European countries to complete two online questionnaires.

Staged thoracoscopic internal traction approach for early repair of long-gap esophageal atresia (LGEA) with distal tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF).

Background: Long-gap esophageal atresia (LGEA) can complicate the management of esophageal atresia (EA) with or without a tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF). This series describes a short interval, staged, thoracoscopic internal traction approach for LGEA with distal TEF to manage complex anastomotic tension or an anatomically impossible esophageal anastomosis.

Methods: A retrospective review (2018-2024) was performed across four tertiary centers to identify patients with LGEA and distal TEF, managed with a staged, thoracoscopic internal traction approach.

Plasma transfusions in neonatal intensive care units: a prospective observational study.

Objective: Despite lack of evidence supporting efficacy, prophylactic fresh frozen plasma and Octaplas transfusions may be administered to very preterm infants to reduce bleeding risk. International variation in plasma transfusion practices in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) is poorly understood, therefore, we aimed to describe neonatal plasma transfusion practice in Europe.

Design: Prospective observational study.

Variants in GHRL, RETN, and PLIN1 are associated with obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome, and influence food consumption in adults with obesity.

Genetic and environmental factors have important role in the pathogenesis of obesity and metabolic diseases. We hypothesized that genes involved in energy intake, cellular lipid metabolism and pro-inflammatory adipokines influence obesity-related metabolic disturbances and food intake. We explored the association of GHRL (rs26311G>C and rs4684677A>T), PLIN1 (rs2289487G>A and rs894160G>A), RETN (rs3745367C>T and rs7408174G>A), and NAMPT (rs1319501T>C) variants with obesity, metabolic and inflammatory markers, and food intake composition.

Stroke Prevention in Hispanic Children with Sickle Cell Anemia: the SACRED trial.

Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is recognized globally, but little is known about affected Hispanic populations. In partnership with Dominican Republic, a Hispanic Caribbean Island with a large SCA population, a TCD screening program provided hydroxyurea to children with conditional velocities. Building local capacity, ten Dominican medical graduates were certified in TCD examinations and trained in hydroxyurea management.

Maternal and psychosocial antecedents of anxiety and depression in extremely low gestational age newborns at age 15 years.

Objectives: The prevalence of many psychiatric symptoms, including anxiety and depression, is higher in individuals born extremely preterm (EP) than in term-born individuals during childhood and adolescence. In this prospective study of adolescents born EP, we examined associations between early-life risk factors (prenatal maternal health conditions, socioeconomic and social factors) and anxiety and depression at 15 years of age.

Methods: We included 682 participants (53.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Mobile Health Intervention on Enhancing HIV Knowledge in Sexual and Gender Minority Men.

Background: In the United States, young men who have sex with men (YMSM) and young transgender women (YTGW) are disproportionately affected by HIV infection. Adequate HIV knowledge is critical for protecting adolescents and young adults at risk for HIV. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the mLab App intervention in enhancing HIV knowledge among YMSM and YTGW.

Overweight, obesity, and cardiovascular disease in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia: the EAS FH Studies Collaboration registry.

Background And Aims: Overweight and obesity are modifiable risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in the general population, but their prevalence in individuals with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HeFH) and whether they confer additional risk of ASCVD independent of LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) remains unclear.

Methods: Cross-sectional analysis was conducted in 35 540 patients with HeFH across 50 countries, in the EAS FH Studies Collaboration registry. Prevalence of World Health Organization-defined body mass index categories was investigated in adults (n = 29 265) and children/adolescents (n = 6275); and their association with prevalent ASCVD.

Predictive factors of health related quality of life in children and adolescents with celiac disease: An Italian multicenter study on behalf of the SIGENP.

Background: In pediatric patients, celiac disease (CD) may influence the health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

Aims: The study aimed to assess HRQoL and further characterise the clinical factors associated with reduced HRQoL, in a large multicenter pediatric cohort with CD.

Methods: The disease-specific questionnaire CD Dutch Questionnaire (CDDUX) and the generic questionnaire Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) were used to assess the HRQoL.

Failure to repair damaged NAD(P)H blocks de novo serine synthesis in human cells.

Background: Metabolism is error prone. For instance, the reduced forms of the central metabolic cofactors nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), can be converted into redox-inactive products, NADHX and NADPHX, through enzymatically catalyzed or spontaneous hydration. The metabolite repair enzymes NAXD and NAXE convert these damaged compounds back to the functional NAD(P)H cofactors.

- a large-scale dataset of 3D medical shapes for computer vision.

Objectives: The shape is commonly used to describe the objects. State-of-the-art algorithms in medical imaging are predominantly diverging from computer vision, where voxel grids, meshes, point clouds, and implicit surface models are used. This is seen from the growing popularity of ShapeNet (51,300 models) and Princeton ModelNet (127,915 models).

Novel Diagnostics in Food Allergy.

Food allergy is increasing in prevalence, and poses significant challenges for individuals and their families, adversely impacting their quality of life. Misdiagnosis can lead to unnecessary dietary and social limitations, and increased food allergy risk, while failure to diagnose may result in life-threatening anaphylaxis. Therefore, a precise diagnosis is of the utmost importance; however, barriers exist at every stage of the diagnostic process.

Effectiveness of the primary Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine against the risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and tuberculosis disease: a meta-analysis of individual participant data.

Background: Tuberculosis vaccine trials using disease as the primary endpoint are large, time consuming, and expensive. An earlier immunological measure of the protection against disease would accelerate tuberculosis vaccine development. We aimed to assess whether the effectiveness of the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine for prevention of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection was consistent with that for prevention of tuberculosis disease.

Definition of sinonasal and otological exacerbation in patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia: an expert consensus.

Background: Recurrent infections of the nose, sinuses and ears are common problems for people with primary ciliary dyskinesia. While pulmonary exacerbations in primary ciliary dyskinesia are defined, there is no definition for ear-nose-throat exacerbations, a potential outcome for research and clinical trials.

Methods: We set up an expert panel of 24 ear-nose-throat specialists, respiratory physicians, other healthcare professionals and patients to develop consensus definitions of sinonasal and otological exacerbations in children and adults with primary ciliary dyskinesia for research settings.

Retinal Degeneration Associated With Biallelic RDH12 Variants: Longitudinal Evaluation of Retinal Structure and Visual Function in Pediatric Patients.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the natural history of the photoreceptor disease in a large group of pediatric patients with RHD12-associated Leber congenital amaurosis (RDH12-LCA), to estimate the changes expected over the duration of a clinical trial, and to define the relationship between the photoreceptor loss and visual dysfunction.

Methods: Forty-six patients representing 36 families were included. The great majority of patients were under the age of 18 years.

Machine Learning-Based Prediction Model for ICU Mortality After Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy Initiation in Children.

Background: Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is the favored renal replacement therapy in critically ill patients. Predicting clinical outcomes for CRRT patients is difficult due to population heterogeneity, varying clinical practices, and limited sample sizes.

Objective: We aimed to predict survival to ICUs and hospital discharge in children and young adults receiving CRRT using machine learning (ML) techniques.

Long-term assessment of skeletal and dental asymmetry after conventional and mini-implant-assisted rapid palatal expansion.

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the short-term and long-term skeletal and dental asymmetry with miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE), rapid palatal expansion (RPE), and control group using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) analysis.

Methods: A total of 180 CBCT scans were analyzed for 60 patients divided into 3 groups: MARPE (mean age 13.7 ± 1.

Use of prenatal ultrasound findings to predict postnatal outcome in fetuses with lower urinary tract obstruction.

Objective: Lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO) is a chronic condition with a spectrum of outcomes. It is usually suspected prenatally based on ultrasound features (USFs). Given the unknown postnatal trajectory and the potential for significant morbidity and mortality, many families choose termination of pregnancy (TOP), often based on USFs alone.

Plesiomonas shigelloides infection in newborn: case report and literature review.

Introduction: Plesiomonas shigelloides is a gram-negative bacillus causing foodborne infection due to contaminated seafood leading to gastroenteritis and dysentery. Instances of neonatal infection attributed to Plesiomonas shigelloides are exceedingly rare, and available literature is sparse, with only 15 reported cases to our knowledge. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement is reported, presenting severe meningoencephalitis in some cases.

The evolution of nutritional care in children with food allergies - With a focus on cow's milk allergy.

Cow's milk allergy (CMA) remains one of the most common and complex paediatric food allergies. In the last decade, our understanding has advanced in terms of immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated CMA and focus is now also paid to non-IgE-mediated CMA, particularly in some Western countries where incidence rates are high. We have had significant progress in the last 10 years in relation to our understanding of existing supportive tests for IgE-mediated CMA, with the advancement of newer tests, such as the basophil activation test (BAT), which have shown great promise.

Fathers' Ongoing Journey When a Child in the Family Has a Chronic Condition: A Meta-Synthesis.

This qualitative meta-synthesis was conducted with the aim to understand fathers' experiences and involvement when their child has a chronic condition within family context. Family nurse researchers from five countries identified 19 studies through a systematic search. Inclusion criteria were: (a) fathers as primary informant; (b) children (<19 years) with a chronic condition; (c) written in English, Spanish, French, or Portuguese.

Syphilis in Pregnancy and Congenital Syphilis.

Syphilis, once in decline, is seeing a rapid re-emergence throughout the United States. A sexually transmitted infection caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum, syphilis infection in pregnancy can result in serious complications and have a profound impact on maternal and neonatal health. As rates of syphilis have increased among people of reproductive age, so too have cases of congenital syphilis.

The future of food allergy diagnosis.

Food allergy represents an increasing global health issue, significantly impacting society on a personal and on a systems-wide level. The gold standard for diagnosing food allergy, the oral food challenge, is time-consuming, expensive, and carries risks of allergic reactions, with unpredictable severity. There is, therefore, an urgent need for more accurate, scalable, predictive diagnostic techniques.