A very-low-calorie ketogenic diet normalises obesity-related enhanced levels of erythropoietin compared with a low-calorie diet or bariatric surgery.

Purpose: Nutritional ketosis synergistically with body-weight loss induced by a very-low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) has proven to be effective in improving obesity-related pathophysiology. Recently, growing attention has been focused on the relation between erythropoietin (EPO) and obesity. Thus, this study aims to investigate whether nutritional ketosis and weight loss induced by a VLCKD modify the circulating levels of EPO in patients with obesity in comparison with the effect of low-calorie diet (LCD) or bariatric surgery (BS).

Clinical and Genetic Analysis of Patients With TK2 Deficiency.

Objectives: Thymidine kinase 2 deficiency (TK2d) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that stems from a perturbation of the mitochondrial DNA maintenance. Nucleoside treatment has recently shown promise as a disease-modifying therapy. TK2d was initially associated with rapidly progressive fatal myopathy in children featuring mitochondrial DNA depletion.

Screening of Galician grapevine varieties by SNPs, phenotypic traits, and phytopathology.

The genetic erosion of the European grapevine diversity in the last century has promoted the conservation of varieties in germplasm banks to prevent their disappearance. The study of these varieties is necessary as it would allow the diversification of the wine market, as well as provide a source of genes to face new pathogens or climate constraints. In this work, the grapevine varieties preserved in the "Estación de Viticultura e Enoloxía de Galicia" (EVEGA) Germplasm Bank (Ourense, Spain) were widely characterized, combining ampelography, ampelometry, agronomy, and phytopathology.

The unexpected high prevalence of HBV subgenotype D4 in patients with chronic hepatitis B in Galicia, a northwestern Spanish region, reflects strong links with Latin America.

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) comprises 9 genotypes and multiple subgenotypes that depict differences in geographic distribution, clinical outcome and response to antiviral therapy. However, the molecular epidemiology of HBV geno/subgenotypes is globally scarce. In Spain, HBV genotype D seems to be more prevalent in the northwestern regions compared to the rest of the country for unclear reasons.

Epigenetic Effects of Healthy Foods and Lifestyle Habits from the Southern European Atlantic Diet Pattern: A Narrative Review.

Recent scientific evidence has shown the importance of diet and lifestyle habits for the proper functioning of the human body. A balanced and healthy diet, physical activity, and psychological well-being have a direct beneficial effect on health and can have a crucial role in the development and prognosis of certain diseases. The Southern European Atlantic diet, also named the Atlantic diet, is a unique dietary pattern that occurs in regions that present higher life expectancy, suggesting that this specific dietary pattern is associated with positive health effects.

Fibroblast growth factor 21 levels and liver inflammatory biomarkers in obese subjects after weight loss.

Introduction: Previous studies have hypothesized fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) as a potential biomarker of the inflammation associated with liver diseases, which is also receiving considerable attention for its potential application concerning the management of obesity and co-morbidities. This study aimed to analyze the response of FGF-21 after a weight loss intervention and the relationships with other putative inflammatory liver biomarkers.

Material And Methods: Sixty-six obese participants from the RESMENA study were evaluated at baseline and following a 6-month energy restriction treatment.

Transdiagnostic Perspective of Impulsivity and Compulsivity in Obesity: From Cognitive Profile to Self-Reported Dimensions in Clinical Samples with and without Diabetes.

Impulsive and compulsive behaviors have both been observed in individuals with obesity. The co-occurrence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is more strongly associated with impulsivity, although there are no conclusive results yet. A multidimensional assessment of impulsivity and compulsivity was conducted in individuals with obesity in the absence or presence of T2D, compared with healthy, normal-weight individuals, with highly impulsive patients (gambling disorders), and with highly compulsive patients (anorexia nervosa).

Adipose tissue and blood leukocytes ACE2 DNA methylation in obesity and after weight loss.

Background: Obesity was consistently associated with a poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19. Epigenetic mechanisms were proposed as the link between obesity and comorbidities risk.

Aim: To evaluate the methylation levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) gene, the main entry receptor of SARS-CoV-2, in different depots of adipose tissue (AT) and leukocytes (PBMCs) in obesity and after weight loss therapy based on a very-low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD), a balanced hypocaloric diet (HCD) or bariatric surgery (BS).

DNA methylome in visceral adipose tissue can discriminate patients with and without colorectal cancer.

Adipose tissue dysfunction, particularly the visceral (VAT) compartment, has been proposed to play a relevant role in colorectal cancer (CRC) development and progression. Epigenetic mechanisms could be involved in this association. The current study aimed to evaluate if specific epigenetic marks in VAT are associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) to identify epigenetic hallmarks of adipose tissue-related CRC.

Epigenetic landscape in blood leukocytes following ketosis and weight loss induced by a very low calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) in patients with obesity.

Background: The molecular mechanisms underlying the potential health benefits of a ketogenic diet are unknown and could be mediated by epigenetic mechanisms.

Objective: To identify the changes in the obesity-related methylome that are mediated by the induced weight loss or are dependent on ketosis in subjects with obesity underwent a very-low calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD).

Methods: Twenty-one patients with obesity (n = 12 women, 47.

Ketogenic diets as treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

During the last decades, several interventions for the management of overweight and obesity have been proposed. Among diets, the first studies focused on the effect of water only and total fasting diets with or without proteins. Unfortunately, they were found to be associated with adverse events which lead to the abandon of these strategies.

Weight loss normalizes enhanced expression of the oncogene survivin in visceral adipose tissue and blood leukocytes from individuals with obesity.

Background/objectives: Survivin is an oncogene associated with a decrease in apoptosis, an increase in tumor growth, and poor clinical outcome of diverse malignancies. A correlation between obesity, cancer, and survivin is reported in the literature. To date, the impact of weight loss on change in survivin levels is understudied.

DNA methylation pattern changes following a short-term hypocaloric diet in women with obesity.

Background/objectives: We aimed to investigate the effects of short-term hypocaloric diet-induced weight loss on DNA methylation profile in leukocytes from women with severe obesity.

Methods: Eleven women with morbid obesity (age: 36.9 ± 10.

Methylation Levels in Leukocytes From Women With Breast Cancer Is Modulated by Adiposity, Menopausal State, and the Mediterranean Diet.

The methylation levels of in breast tumors has been previously identified as a possible epigenetic mark of breast cancer associated with obesity. The aim of the current study was to investigate differences in methylation levels of depending on obesity, menopausal state and dietary pattern in blood leukocytes, a non-invasive sample. The methylation levels of of two CpG sites (CpGs) located in promoter and island previously identified as differentially methylated according to adiposity and menopausal state by 450 k array (cg10635122, cg03562414) were evaluated by pyrosequencing in DNA from the blood leukocytes of breast cancer patients [ = 90; = 64 (71.

Altered pathways in methylome and transcriptome longitudinal analysis of normal weight and bariatric surgery women.

DNA methylation could provide a link between environmental, genetic factors and weight control and can modify gene expression pattern. This study aimed to identify genes, which are differentially expressed and methylated depending on adiposity state by evaluating normal weight women and obese women before and after bariatric surgery (BS). We enrolled 24 normal weight (BMI: 22.

The effects of bariatric surgery on clinical profile, DNA methylation, and ageing in severely obese patients.

Background: Severe obesity is a growing, worldwide burden and conventional therapies including radical change of diet and/or increased physical activity have limited results. Bariatric surgery has been proposed as an alternative therapy showing promising results. It leads to substantial weight loss and improvement of comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes.

An energy restriction-based weight loss intervention is able to reverse the effects of obesity on the expression of liver tumor-promoting genes.

The epidemiological evidence regarding the association of obesity with liver disease and possibly hepatocellular carcinoma highlights the need for investigations of whether obesity itself could induce the differential expression of genes commonly associated with the initial phase of liver tumorigenesis, and whether such phenomenon could be reversed after a weight loss intervention. In this study, obese Zucker rats were found to have dysregulated cell proliferation, antioxidative defenses, and tumor suppressor gene expression in association with liver dysfunction parameters, as well as oxidative stress and inflammation. Importantly, after a 4-week weight loss protocol of energy restriction and/or exercise, this effect on the liver carcinogenesis-related genes was reversed concomitantly with reductions in the fat mass, hepatic lipid content, oxidative stress, and inflammation.

Association of MFSD3 promoter methylation level and weight regain after gastric bypass: Assessment for 3 y after surgery.

Objectives: Genetic predisposition and epigenetic signatures could explain why some individuals regain the weight lost after different obesity treatments. Major facilitator superfamily domain 3 (MFSD3) is a family of membrane-bound solute carriers whose expression has been recently associated with nutrient intake and adipose tissue homeostasis. This study aimed to evaluate a possible association between MFSD3 preoperative methylation pattern and weight regain after bariatric surgery.

Reduced Plasma Orexin-A Concentrations are Associated with Cognitive Deficits in Anorexia Nervosa.

Orexins/hypocretins are neuropeptides implicated in numerous processes, including food intake and cognition. The role of these peptides in the psychopathology of anorexia nervosa (AN) remains poorly understood. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the associations between plasma orexin-A (OXA) concentrations and neuropsychological functioning in adult women with AN, and a matched control group.

DNA methylation screening after roux-en Y gastric bypass reveals the epigenetic signature stems from genes related to the surgery per se.

Background/objectives: Obesity has been associated with gene methylation regulation. Recent studies have shown that epigenetic signature plays a role in metabolic homeostasis after Roux-en Y gastric bypass (RYGB). To conduct a genome-wide epigenetic analysis in peripheral blood to investigate whether epigenetic changes following RYGB stem from weight loss or the surgical procedure per se.

A two-gene epigenetic signature for the prediction of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer patients.

Background: Pathological complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) varies between 30 and 40% approximately. To provide further insight into the prediction of pCR, we evaluated the role of an epigenetic methylation-based signature.

Methods: Epigenetic assessment of DNA extracted from biopsy archived samples previous to NAC from TNBC patients was performed.