PPARβ/δ prevents inflammation and fibrosis during diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a specific type of myocardial disease that often develops in patients suffering from diabetes, which has become the foremost cause of death among them. It is an insidious multifactorial disease caused by complex and partially unknown mechanisms that include metabolic dysregulation, local inflammation, fibrosis, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Despite its severity and poor prognosis, it often goes undiagnosed, and there are currently no approved specific drugs to prevent or even treat it.

Gender Disparities and Their Impact on the Professional Experiences of Female Neurosurgery Residents in Germany: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

Background: Despite advancements in gender equality within neurosurgery, the field continues to encounter challenges related to the under-representation of women and reports of gender-based disparities. This study examines the impact of these disparities on the experiences, professional development, and well-being of female neurosurgery residents in Germany, identifying specific challenges within the neurosurgical community.

Methods: An anonymous, questionnaire-based survey was conducted among female neurosurgery residents from various German training hospitals nationwide, using a quantitative approach.

Search for Soft Unclustered Energy Patterns in Proton-Proton Collisions at 13 TeV.

The first search for soft unclustered energy patterns (SUEPs) is performed using an integrated luminosity of 138  fb^{-1} of proton-proton collision data at sqrt[s]=13  TeV, collected in 2016-2018 by the CMS detector at the LHC. Such SUEPs are predicted by hidden valley models with a new, confining force with a large 't Hooft coupling. In events with boosted topologies, selected by high-threshold hadronic triggers, the multiplicity and sphericity of clustered tracks are used to reject the background from standard model quantum chromodynamics.

3D-printing of dipyridamole/thermoplastic polyurethane materials for bone regeneration.

Tissue engineering combines biology and engineering to develop constructs for repairing or replacing damaged tissues. Over the last few years, this field has seen significant advancements, particularly in bone tissue engineering. 3D printing has revolutionised this field, allowing the fabrication of patient- or defect-specific scaffolds to enhance bone regeneration, thus providing a personalised approach that offers unique control over the shape, size, and structure of 3D-printed constructs.

Heterozygous BTNL8 variants in individuals with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C).

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a rare condition following SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with intestinal manifestations. Genetic predisposition, including inborn errors of the OAS-RNAseL pathway, has been reported. We sequenced 154 MIS-C patients and utilized a novel statistical framework of gene burden analysis, "burdenMC," which identified an enrichment for rare predicted-deleterious variants in BTNL8 (OR = 4.

Leveraging a deep learning generative model to enhance recognition of minor asphalt defects.

Deep learning-based computer vision systems have become powerful tools for automated and cost-effective pavement distress detection, essential for efficient road maintenance. Current methods focus primarily on developing supervised learning architectures, which are limited by the scarcity of annotated image datasets. The use of data augmentation with synthetic images created by generative models to improve these supervised systems is not widely explored.

The state of robotic surgery in Spain: Results of a national survey on robotic surgery.

Background And Aims: To assess the present state of robotic surgery and the surgical approaches employed by urology departments utilizing robotic systems in Spain.

Methods And Results: An email invitation was sent to heads of urology departments in public and private hospitals with surgical robots. A 78-question online questionnaire was distributed, and data were collected over 3 months.

Viewpoint: Better Late Than Never: Nutrition Education Opportunities for Physicians in the United States.

Diet and nutrition have an important impact on chronic disease and mortality and have spurred growth in the food is medicine approach. Yet, in the United States (US), post-graduate nutrition education and training for physicians remain limited. This may change as American policies focused on nutrition security, quality care and health equity advance and create new incentives for practicing clinicians to engage in nutrition-focused education and training.

Roman urdu hate speech detection using hybrid machine learning models and hyperparameter optimization.

With the rapid increase of users over social media, cyberbullying, and hate speech problems have arisen over the past years. Automatic hate speech detection (HSD) from text is an emerging research problem in natural language processing (NLP). Researchers developed various approaches to solve the automatic hate speech detection problem using different corpora in various languages, however, research on the Urdu language is rather scarce.

Nonpharmacological Interventions for Postmastectomy Pain Syndrome-A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Objective: Literature regarding nonpharmacological interventions (NPI) for PMPS or CP after mastectomy is scarce and not fully appraised, therefore we conducted this systematic review to explore the current panorama of treatment options.

Methods: A systematic review to assess the existing evidence regarding nonpharmacological approaches for PMPS. We reviewed the following databases: PubMed-MEDLINE, Embase, and Ovid (including the Cochrane Database for Clinical studies) using the following search terms: CP, mastectomy, and PMPS, and adjusted the terms depending on the database used.

Targeted photodynamic therapy: Gluconamide-modified cellulose nanocrystals as efficient photosensitizer delivery platforms against Gram-negative bacteria.

Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) is an emerging strategy against resistant pathogenic bacteria, a serious global health threat. We describe herein the efficient preparation of photosensitized cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) using trialkoxysilane linkers for covalent incorporation of anionic (Rose Bengal: RB) and cationic (Toluidine blue O: TBO) photosensitizers (PSs), along with a N-alkyl-d-gluconamide ligand to specifically target Escherichia coli, as model nanosystems for aPDT. The synthesized nanomaterials exhibited high PS loading, high singlet oxygen quantum yield comparable to the solution, and good stability in aqueous media with minimal PS release under physiological conditions.

Efficacy and safety of antistaphylococcal penicillin or cephazolin-based combinations versus monotherapy for methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus infective endocarditis: A propensity score analysis of nationwide prospective cohort.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the usefulness of antistaphylococcal penicillin (ASP) or cephazolin-based combinations versus monotherapy in patients with native-valve infective endocarditis (IE) caused by methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA).

Methods: Post-hoc analysis of a multicentre prospective cohort. We include patients from 2008 to 2022 with definite native-valve, left-side IE due to MSSA treated primarily with ASP/cephazolin.

Predictive value of triglyceride-glucose index for the evaluation of coronary artery disease severity and occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events.

The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index has been proposed as an independent predictor of coronary artery disease (CAD). In this retrospective study, we further examine this association and its utility as a predictor for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). A total of 870 patients who underwent coronary angiography between May 2008 and June 2009 were included in this retrospective study.

Can simple measures from clinical practice serve as a proxy for sarcopenic obesity and identify mortality risk?

Background: Sarcopenic obesity is a condition where loss of muscle mass occurs alongside fat gain, and it is considered a risk factor for mortality. However, the use of various definitions for this condition has led to conflicting results.

Aim: To investigate whether the coexistence of low muscle mass and abdominal obesity, defined using two simple measures employed in clinical practice, is a risk factor for mortality in individuals aged 50 or older.

Erratum: Interlaboratory study on SbS interplay between structure, dielectric function, and amorphous-to-crystalline phase change for photonics.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.

Home-Use and Portable Biofeedback Lowers Anxiety and Pain in Chronic Pain Subjects.

In this study, we investigated the use of novel, home-use and portable biofeedback devices in a remote program for managing chronic pain. In three separate 4-week pilot studies, participants engaged in twice-daily, 10-minute biofeedback sessions, with self-assessed reductions in anxiety and pain levels using the 6-item State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-6) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), respectively, in Studies 2 and 3. Among these 113 (Study 2) and 237 (Study 3) biofeedback sessions, 81 (∼72%) and 130 (∼55%) showed reductions in pain, while 93 (∼82%) and 184 (∼78%) experienced reductions in anxiety.

Three-year survival follow-up of patients with gastrointestinal cancer treated during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: data from the PANDORA-TTD20 study.

Introduction: The initial SARS-CoV-2 pandemic wave in Spain in 2020 precipitated significant paradigm shifts in gastrointestinal oncology patient management. This study captures the "Zeitgeist" of this period by analyzing adaptive strategies, treatment modifications, and survival outcomes, leveraging a 3-year follow-up perspective to extract insights from this unprecedented experience.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter, retrospective cohort study utilizing the RETUD-TTD registry, encompassing 703 patients across 19 Spanish centers in April 2020.

Performance Assessment of ELISA Using the Specific Antigen Tc323 for the Diagnosis of Chronic Chagas Disease.

In the chronic phase of Chagas disease (CCD), diagnosis relies on detecting specific IgG antibodies due to the low or absent presence of the parasite in human blood. However, the performance of current serological tests is highly variable, lacking a "" assay with 100% sensitivity and specificity, which challenges the exploration of new biomarkers. In the present study, we evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of an optimized ELISA using the predicted immunogenic domains (called TcD3 and TcD6) of Tc323, a protein highly conserved among strains but absent in other clinically significant parasites such as .

Atherosclerosis, vascular calcification and osteoporosis.

Numerous epidemiological studies link bone loss with vascular calcification and cardiovascular disease. Osteoporosis and atherosclerosis share risk factors and are likely to share pathogenic mechanisms as well. On the other hand, drugs used in the treatment of osteoporosis could influence cardiovascular risk, just as those used in cardiovascular disease could affect bone mineral density and the development of fractures.

Sequential adaptive e-learning and hands-on simulator training for unilateral biportal endoscopy (UBE) of the lumbar spine - results from an EANS Young Neurosurgeons hands-on course.

Introduction: Unilateral biportal endoscopy (UBE) is a minimally invasive surgical (MIS) technique utilized for lumbar decompression, which has recently gained popularity in Europe. We aimed to explore the value of sequential adaptive e-learning, followed by simulator-based hands-on training modules for UBE at the occasion of the 2024 EANS Young Neurosurgeons meeting.

Materials And Methods: An adaptive e-learning was designed by learning engineers (Area 9 Lyceum), based on theoretical content provided by two endoscopic spine surgeons.