Advancement in medical report generation: current practices, challenges, and future directions.

The correct analysis of medical images requires the medical knowledge and expertise of radiologists to understand, clarify, and explain complex patterns and diagnose diseases. After analyzing, radiologists write detailed and well-structured reports that contribute to the precise and timely diagnosis of patients. However, manually writing reports is often expensive and time-consuming, and it is difficult for radiologists to analyze medical images, particularly images with multiple views and perceptions.

Acute mastoiditis: 30 years review in a tertiary hospital.

Objective: Acute mastoiditis, the most common complication of acute otitis media, is approached in our study, focused on children from the Autonomous Community of Cantabria, Spain. The aim is to analyze its clinical-epidemiological characteristics and propose diagnostic and treatment recommendations.

Study Design/setting: We conducted a 30-year retrospective study on patients under 18 years of age diagnosed with acute mastoiditis in Cantabria.

In-depth mass-spectrometry reveals phospho-RAB12 as a blood biomarker of G2019S LRRK2-driven Parkinson's disease.

Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) inhibition is a promising disease-modifying therapy for LRRK2-associated Parkinson's disease (L2PD) and idiopathic PD (iPD). However, pharmaco-dynamic readouts and progression biomarkers for clinical trials aiming for disease modification are insufficient since no endogenous marker reflecting enhanced kinase activity of the most common LRRK2 G2019S mutation has been reported yet in L2PD patients. Employing phospho-/proteomic analyses we assessed the impact that LRRK2 activating mutations had in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from a LRRK2 clinical cohort from Spain (n=174).

Acute Immunological Profile and Prognostic Biomarkers of Persistent Joint Pain in Chikungunya Fever: A Systematic Review.

Chikungunya virus infection (CHIKV) increases the risk of persistent arthralgia; however, there is no consistent evidence regarding prognostic biomarkers of progression to chronic arthropathy. This systematic review provides an overview of currently available literature about the potential role of the acute immunologic response in predicting long-term joint pain in patients with a diagnosis of CHIKV. We searched for observational studies using the terms "chikungunya," "cytokines," "biomarkers," and "joint pain" in PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, Cochrane Library Plus, and SCOPUS databases, restricting to articles published in English and up to April 2024.

Environmental predictors of SARS-CoV-2 infection incidence in Catalonia (northwestern Mediterranean).

Numerous studies have explored whether and how the spread of the SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), responds to environmental conditions without reaching consistent answers. Sociodemographic factors, such as variable population density and mobility, as well as the lack of effective epidemiological monitoring, make it difficult to establish robust correlations. Here we carry out a regional cross-correlation study between nine atmospheric variables and an infection index ( ) estimated from standardized positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test cases.

Longitudinal trajectory of plasma p-tau217 in cognitively unimpaired subjects.

Background: The advent of Alzheimer's disease-modifying drugs requires accurate biological diagnosis to identify candidates for these therapies. So far, the most promising single plasma biomarker is phosphorylated tau at threonine 217 (p-tau217). To understand its biological features, it is essential to know its longitudinal trajectory and factors influencing it in cognitively unimpaired subjects with no brain pathology.

Carvedilol vs. propranolol for the prevention of decompensation and mortality in patients with compensated and decompensated cirrhosis.

Background And Aims: Data on the effectiveness of classical non-selective beta-blockers (cNSBB, i.e., propranolol and nadolol) versus carvedilol in patients with cirrhosis are scarce.

Highly Rigid, Yet Conformationally Adaptable, Bisporphyrin -Cage Receptors Afford Outstanding Binding Affinities, Chelate Cooperativities, and Substrate Selectivities.

If we aim to develop efficient synthetic models of protein receptors and enzymes, we must understand the relationships of intra- and intermolecular interactions between hosts and guests and how they mutually influence their conformational energy landscape so as to adapt to each other to maximize binding energies and enhance substrate selectivities. Here, we introduce a novel design of cofacial (Zn)bisporphyrin cages based on dynamic imine bonding, which is synthetically simple, but at the same time highly robust and versatile, affording receptors composed of only -hybridized C and N atoms. The high structural rigidity of these cages renders them ideal hosts for ditopic molecules that can fit into the cavity and bind to both metal centers, leading to association constants as high as 10 M in chloroform.

Recommendations for the management of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic multidisciplinary Delphi consensus approach.

Background: There are gaps and unanswered questions in clinical guidelines regarding several aspects of the management of patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC).

Methods: A scientific committee of ten cSCC specialists in Spain (dermatology, medical oncology, oral and maxillofacial surgery, plastic surgery, and radiotherapy) used ADAPTE methodology to develop recommendations by: (i) identifying clinical questions not fully answered by clinical practice guidelines; (ii) systematically reviewing the literature (published between November 2017 and July 2023 in PubMed and the Cochrane database) and grading the evidence (using Oxford levels); (iii) developing recommendations and assessing those with no consensus among the scientific committee or with evidence level 3-5 or strength of recommendation under C or D in a two-round Delphi method; and (iv) developing the final recommendations in the form of answers to key clinical questions, grading the strength of recommendation. An external group of 32 experts plus the members of the committee participated in both Delphi rounds, evaluating the appropriateness and need of the recommendations.

Prospective validation of a prespecified algorithm for the management of conduction disturbances after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: The PROMOTE study.

Background: There is a large variability in the management of conduction disturbances (CDs) after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).

Objective: This study aimed to validate a prespecified algorithm for managing CDs in patients undergoing TAVR.

Methods: This was a prospective multicenter study including consecutive patients without prior pacemaker undergoing TAVR.

Efficacy and Safety of Budesonide Orodispersible Tablets for Eosinophilic Esophagitis up to 3 Years: An Open-Label Extension Study.

Background & Aims: Budesonide orodispersible tablets (BOT) have been shown to be safe and effective in phase III double-blind trials of induction and 48-week maintenance therapy of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). We now analyzed the long-term efficacy and safety of BOT in a 96-week open-label extension (OLE) study.

Methods: All patients with EoE in the 48-week double-blind maintenance study were eligible to receive BOT treatment for up to 96 weeks.

Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty plus lifestyle intervention in patients with MASH: a multicentre, sham-controlled, randomized trial.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis(MASH) is commonly seen in biopsy proven steatotic liver disease(SLD). Life-style intervention reaching a weight loss higher than 10% promotes MASH resolution, but this goal is only achieved by a small number of patients. Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty(ESG) has recently emerged as a safe and effective option to promote weight loss in obese population.

Women in cardiac surgery: a global workforce analysis.

Objectives: Cardiac surgery remains one of the most gender-imbalanced surgical specialties. Women constitute 6-11% of the North American workforce, while other regional data are scarce. Despite the acknowledged under-representation of women in cardiac surgery globally and evidence that surgeon-patient gender concordance enhances postoperative outcomes, precise figures remain poorly defined.

Occurrence of 'soft flesh' condition induced by Kudoa thyrsites parasite in the Iberian European sardine stock.

European sardine Sardina pilchardus is a commercially valuable coastal pelagic fish species. Spain is one of the largest sardine suppliers in Europe and the Iberian stock is of particular significance. Kudoa parasites are known to infect sardines causing the so-called 'soft flesh' condition; however, data on the occurrence of 'soft flesh' in this sardine stock are limited.

Comparative Study of Adalimumab, Infliximab and Certolizumab Pegol in the Treatment of Cystoid Macular Edema Due to Behçet's Disease.

The leading cause of blindness due to non-infectious uveitis is cystoid macular edema (CME). Behçet's disease (BD) is one of the most commonly conditions related to CME. To compare the effectiveness and safety of adalimumab (ADA), infliximab (IFX) and certolizumab (CZP) in refractory CME due to BD.

Resuscitation and Initial Management After Moderate-to-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Questions for the On-Call Shift.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of disability and mortality globally, stemming from both primary mechanical injuries and subsequent secondary responses. Effective early management of moderate-to-severe TBI is essential to prevent secondary damage and improve patient outcomes. This review provides a comprehensive guide for the resuscitation and stabilization of TBI patients, combining clinical experience with current evidence-based guidelines.

Controversies in the Management of the Airway in Panfacial Fractures: A Literature Review and Algorithm Proposal.

Panfacial fractures are complex fractures involving multiple regions of the facial skeleton and may require multiple surgeries over a relatively short period. They are often associated with polytrauma and other injuries including neurotrauma, which require either immediate (ATLS) airway management, prolonged intubation, or repeated intubations for staged surgeries. The choice of airway for the surgical management of these fractures is difficult, as an assessment of the occlusion is required, and the central nasal complex and/or skull base may be involved, making classical orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation problematic.

Age, Technology, and the Digital Divide: Are They Directly Related to Mental Health Problems?

Unlabelled: In current times, we coexist with technology, using it every day. However, in older people, the use and employability of technology on a day-to-day basis is often more complicated or even null due to a lack of knowledge.

Background/objectives: The youngest generation were born surrounded by technology, which has given them superior capabilities when it comes to handling technology compared to elderly people.

Virus Removal from Real Wastewater as an Environmental Management Approach.

The increased presence of resistant microorganisms in water promotes the need for supplementary measures to mitigate the water source's contamination. Traditional treatments are inefficient in wastewater management at removing some emerging contaminants. an invasive species, can be used in the treatment due to their resistance and biofiltration capacity, working as a pest management strategy.

Effect of Dietary Patterns on Vascular Aging Using the Brachial-Ankle Index.

Unlabelled: The Mediterranean diet (MD) plays an important role in delaying vascular aging. The main objective of this study was to analyze the association between adherence to the MD and vascular aging estimated with brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (ba-PWV) in a Spanish population sample and the differences by sex.

Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study.

Daily Intake of Two or More Servings of Vegetables Is Associated with a Lower Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Older People.

Objectives: We sought to examine the correlation between the recommended consumption of at least two servings (400 g) of vegetables per day and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in an elderly population.

Methods: This observational, cross-sectional, and descriptive study was conducted with 264 non-institutionalized people aged 65 to 79 years old. We adhered to the recommended guidelines for vegetable intake from the MEDAS-14 questionnaire, which has been validated for elderly populations at high cardiovascular risk.

The Effect of the Combination of Two Postbiotics on Anxiety-like Behavior in Animal Models.

With increasing evidence showing the connections between the microbiome, neurophysiology, and behavior, our research endeavors to investigate whether the consumption of a combination of two postbiotics with antioxidant effects can affect behavior regulation in model species. Here, we worked with a combination (1:1 ratio) of heat-treated subsp. ES1 (CECT7347) and BPL15 (CECT8361) as a dietary supplement.

Effect of Longer Pre-Starter Diet Allowance on Post-Weaning Performance of Lightweight Piglets.

First-phase diets are formulated to help pigs reach a target body weight before switching to a more affordable diet. However, these transitions typically take place on a fixed schedule, which may disadvantage low-body-weight piglets due to their underdeveloped digestive systems and limited feed intake capacity. This study examined the effects of offering low-body-weight (BW) pigs a pre-starter diet until they reached a target BW on growth performance and BW variability.

Angiogenesis as a Survival Mechanism in Heartworm Disease: The Role of Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase and Actin from in an In Vitro Endothelial Model.

Heartworm disease, caused by is a vector-borne zoonotic disease, (mainly affecting canids and felids) causing chronic vascular and pulmonary pathology in its early stages, which worsens with parasite load and/or death of adult worms in the pulmonary artery or right heart cavity, and can be fatal to the host. Angiogenesis is a mechanism by which new blood vessels are formed from existing ones. The aim of this work was to study the effect of two molecules of the excretory/secretory antigen (DiES) on the angiogenic process, taking into account that this antigen is able to interact with this process and use it as a survival mechanism.