Context-Aware Trust and Reputation Routing Protocol for Opportunistic IoT Networks.

In opportunistic IoT (OppIoT) networks, non-cooperative nodes present a significant challenge to the data forwarding process, leading to increased packet loss and communication delays. This paper proposes a novel Context-Aware Trust and Reputation Routing (CATR) protocol for opportunistic IoT networks, which leverages the probability density function of the beta distribution and some contextual factors, to dynamically compute the trust and reputation values of nodes, leading to efficient data dissemination, where malicious nodes are effectively identified and bypassed during that process. Simulation experiments using the ONE simulator show that CATR is superior to the Epidemic protocol, the so-called beta-based trust and reputation evaluation system (denoted BTRES), and the secure and privacy-preserving structure in opportunistic networks (denoted PPHB+), achieving an improvement of 22%, 15%, and 9% in terms of average latency, number of messages dropped, and average hop count, respectively, under varying number of nodes, buffer size, time to live, and message generation interval.

Effect of ultrasonication on OSA esterified surface modification of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) starch.

The present study investigates the effect of ultrasonication (US) amplitude (30 %, 50 %, and 70 %, time- 45 min) followed by octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA, 3 %) esterification on morphological, structural, functional, and rheological properties of sorghum starch. The increase in US amplitudes significantly (p < 0.05) increased the degree of substitution (DS) of esterified starch (0.

Exposure of Proso millet starch to superheated steam: Effect on physicochemical, techno-functional, rheological behavior, digestibility, and related mechanism.

In the present study, proso millet starch (PMS) was treated with SHS (120-160 °C for 1-5 min) to investigate the molecular interactions and techno-functional, rheological, and digestible properties. Exposure to SHS induced the degradation of helical structure, and longer chains, reducing amylose, blue value, optical density, and relative crystallinity. Meanwhile, SHS treatment might have introduced hydro‑carbonyl groups, eventually increasing water absorption capacity, swelling power, and transparency.

Fermentative production of vitamin B by and and its promising health benefits: A review.

Cobalamin, generally known as vitamin B, is a crucial component required for humans in several physiological processes. It has been produced from sources that are derived from animals, making it difficult for vegetarians and vegans to consume the recommended amount each day. The importance of vitamin B in red blood cell production, DNA synthesis, and brain processes has been highlighted.

A hybridization of XGBoost machine learning model by Optuna hyperparameter tuning suite for cardiovascular disease classification with significant effect of outliers and heterogeneous training datasets.

Background: Over the last few decades: heart disease (HD) has emerged as one of the deadliest diseases in the world. Approximately more than 31 % of the population dies from HD each year. The Diagnosis of HD in an earlier stage is a cognitively challenging task due to the vast and complex availability of medical datasets.

Impact of green techniques on intricate cell wall structure of bee pollen to enhance functional characteristics and improve its in vitro digestibility.

Bee pollen is a nutrient-rich super food, but its rigid dual-layered structure limits nutrient release and absorption. The outer exine, composed of stress-resistant sporopollenin, and the inner intine, consisting of cellulose and pectin, form a barrier to digestive breakdown. This study investigates the potential of green techniques, specifically supercritical fluid extraction and ultrasonication, to disaggregate pollen cell walls, enhancing its bioavailability and maximizing nutrient utilization.

Glycation of sunnhemp protein with dextran via dry heating: Thermal, micro-structural characterization, and amino acid profiling.

This study aims to obtain sunnhemp protein isolate (SHPI) and dextran conjugates by dry heating method of Maillard conjugation. The effects of different incubation time (0, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 days) on the molecular flexibility, available lysine content, antioxidant properties, molecular structure, and thermal and micro-structural properties of conjugates were compared with SHPI (no conjugation) at 60°C and 79% relative humidity. The results indicated the formation of SHPI-dextran conjugates as confirmed by the change in molecular flexibility, lysine content, antioxidant activities, color, and water activity values.

Effect of different blanching methods on kinetics of physico-chemical, functional properties, and enzyme inactivation in baby corn.

Baby corn, characterized by its high water activity and elevated respiration rate, poses a formidable obstacle to prolonged storage under standard ambient conditions and necessitates specialized treatments for transportation to distant locations. One of the primary postharvest challenges associated with baby corn is the occurrence of brown pigment formation because of enzymatic browning at the apex of its immature ovules, cut surfaces, and silk attached to the young ears. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of different blanching treatments on peroxidase inactivation, physicochemical properties, and functional properties of baby corn.

Exploring the potential of browntop millet (Urochloa ramosa) starch: Physicochemical, morphological, thermal and rheological properties across four cultivars.

This comprehensive research explores the starch isolated from four browntop millet cultivars to determine physicochemical, thermal, morphological, powder flow, pasting, and rheological properties. Significant variations (p ≤ 0.05) were observed among the cultivars.

Advancements in non-thermal technologies for enhanced extraction of functional triacylglycerols from microalgal biomass: A comprehensive review.

Microalgae have emerged as a storehouse of biologically active components having numerous health benefits that can be used in the formulation of nutraceuticals, and functional foods, for human consumption. Among these biologically active components, functional triacylglycerols are increasingly attracting the attention of researchers owing to their beneficial characteristics. Microalgae are excellent sources of triacylglycerol containing omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids and can be used by the vegan population as a replacement for fish oil.

Hydrocolloid-based fruit fillings: A comprehensive review on formulation, techno-functional properties, synergistic mechanisms, and applications.

This study offers a comprehensive review of current developments regarding the utilization of diverse hydrocolloids in formulating fruit fillings across different fruit types, their impact on textural attributes, rheological properties, thermal stability, syneresis, and nutritional advantages of fillings and optimization of its characteristics to align with consumer preferences. The review also focuses on the various factors influencing fruit fillings, including the selection of fruits, processing methodologies, the inherent nature and concentration of hydrocolloids, and their synergistic interactions. In depth, scientific work on the impact of the parameters such as pH, total soluble solids, and sugar content within the fruit fillings was also discussed.

Thermodynamic and network characteristics of optimized lysine-modified kutki millet starch hydrogels.

Unlabelled: Three-dimensional polymeric network of hydrogels avoids its dissolution into the aqueous region. Hydrogels must have strong structural integrity to be used for drug/nutraceutical delivery. A three factor-three-level Box-Behnken design was used to understand the effects of starch concentration, NaCl, and pH on the textural and structural integrity of Lysine modified kutki millet starch hydrogels.

Valorization of corn silk through incorporation in instant mix and analyzing its shelf life by kinetic modelling.

Corn silk ( L.), an abundant agricultural waste, contains various bioactive compounds that exhibit promising health benefits. The current study focuses on development and optimization of corn silk-based instant mix using response surface methodology.

Review on Synthesis of 2-(2-Hydroxyaryl) Benzothiazoles (HBT) for Excited-State Intra-molecular Proton Transfer (ESIPT)-Based Detection of Ions and Biomolecules.

In this review, we present a systematic and comprehensive summary of the recent developments in the synthetic strategies of 2-(2-hydroxyarylsubstituted)-benzothiazole (HBT) framework along with incorporation of various substituents on phenolic and benzothiazole rings which affect the emission process. The literature, spanning the years 2015-2024, on excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT)-based studies of HBT derivatives comprising the effects of solvent polarity, substituents, and extended conjugation on fluorophores has been searched. ESIPT, intramolecular charge transfer, and aggregation-induced emissions enable these fluorescent probes to specifically interact with analytes, thereby altering their luminescence characteristics to achieve analyte detection.

A review on the role of pH-sensitive natural pigments in biopolymers based intelligent food packaging films.

As food packaging evolves, consumer interests are shifting from traditional to intelligent food packaging systems. Intelligent packaging includes active components that display changes in a visual or interactive form perceivable by consumers. This offers real-time monitoring of the quality and shelf life of the packaged food and enhances transparency.

Hydrothermal extraction of dietary fiber from pearl millet bran: optimization, physico-chemical, structural and functional characterization.

Pearl millet bran is rich source of dietary fiber and several other bioactive compounds and is an unexploited by-product of millet processing industries. The utilization of pearl millet bran for extraction of dietary fiber can be an effective method for its valorization. Hydrothermal extraction of dietary fiber from pearl millet bran is a simple eco-friendly technique in terms of minimal consumption of toxic solvents, increased extraction yield, high purity and considered as an economically viable technique.

Exploring the twin potential of nanostructured TiO:SeO as a promising visible light photocatalyst and selective fluorosensing platform.

The present work describes the development of TiO/SeO nanostructure as a potential candidate for visible light photocatalysis as well as selective fluorophore for the sensing of picric acid. The obtained nanostructure consists of uniform globular nanoparticles having approximate size of 170 nm and possess an optical band gap of 2.33 eV with absorption maxima at 473 nm.

Metal-free adsorption and photodegradation methods for methylene blue dye removal using different reduction grades of graphene oxide.

The release of organic pollutants and dyes into the environment by industries has had profound and harmful effects on both humans and ecosystems. Graphene oxide (GO) and its reduced form have been investigated for their effectiveness in removing pollutant dyes. GO nano-powder was synthesized using an improved version of Hummer's method and subsequently thermally reduced at various temperatures, including 125, 150, 175, and 200 °C, under vacuum conditions.

Cyclodextrin Functionalized Ionic Liquids: Synthesis and Application in Analytical Chemistry.

Cyclodextrins belong to a class of cyclic oligosaccharides composing of α-(1,4) linked glucopyranose subunits having a torus-like macro ring shape. Cyclodextrins based materials find a wide range of applications in separation technology due to their unique property to differentiate between enantiomers, positional isomers and functional groups. Conversely, ionic liquids are the non-molecular compounds composed of different anion and cations with low melting point making them a designer and greener solvents.