Endovascular embolisation of a complex mandibular AVM: a hybrid transarterial and transvenous approach.

Mandibular arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are rare lesions which can present with life-threatening haemorrhage. Endovascular embolisation can be life saving for these patients. We discuss a patient of mandibular AVM, who initially presented with reports of massive oral bleeding.

Application of flow cytometry in transfusion medicine: The Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, India experience.

The application of flow cytometry (FC) is diverse and this powerful tool in used in multiple disciplines such as molecular biology, immunology, cancer biology, virology, and infectious disease screening. FC analyzes a single cell or a particle very rapidly as they flow past single or multiple lasers while suspended in buffered solution. FC has a great impact in the field of transfusion medicine (TM) due to its ability to analyze individual cell population and cell epitopes by sensitive, reproducible, and objective methodologies.

Effectiveness of Preoperative Therapeutic Play on Anxiety Among Children Undergoing Invasive Procedure: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Play is an indispensable part of growing up and by using play to distract children while undergoing invasive procedures can have a positive impact. Play can help children to cope with painful procedures and long-term treatment. The aim of the review was to evaluate the evidence concerning the effect of play on anxiety among children undergoing invasive procedures.

Dysregulated cholesterol regulatory genes as a diagnostic biomarker for cancer.

Background: A dysregulation of cholesterol homeostasis is often seen in various cancer cell types, and elevated cholesterol content and that of its metabolites appears to be crucial for cancer progression and metastasis. Cholesterol is a precursor of various steroid hormones and a key plasma membrane component especially in lipid-rafts, also modulating many intracellular signaling pathways.

Methods: To provide an insight of dysregulated cholesterol regulatory genes, their transcript levels were analyzed in different cancers and their influence was correlated with the overall survival of cancer patients using cancer database analysis.

Comparison of diagnostic accuracy of models combining the renal biomarkers in predicting renal scarring in pediatric population with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR).

Introduction: Renal scarring is prominently observed in children with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and can lead to complicated renal outcomes. Although biopsy is the gold standard to detect renal scarring, it is an invasive procedure. There are established renal biomarkers which can help detect renal scarring.

Management of Hepatitis C in Children - A New Paradigm.

Introduction: With the advent of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), the past decade has seen a paradigm shift in the management of hepatitis C (HCV) infection in children. In this review, we summarize the various treatment options for pediatric HCV infection, highlighting the recent changes in the management.

Methods: A literature search was performed using the PubMed database with the relevant keywords.

Aetiology, management, and outcome of lower respiratory tract infection in renal allograft recipients - A report from a tropical country.

Introduction: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) among renal transplant recipients (RTRs) are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to analyse the aetiology, outcome, and risk factors associated with mortality.

Methods: We analysed baseline transplant characteristics, symptoms, hospital course, laboratory, serological and microbial results, and their association with the outcome of all RTRs between January 2011 and December 2019.

Higher Prevalence of Monogenic Cause Among Very Early Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children: Experience From a Tertiary Care Center From Northern India.

Background: Very early-onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO-IBD) is generally defined as onset of IBD at <6 years of age. Up to 20% of VEO-IBD may have a monogenic cause; hence, next-generation sequencing is highly recommended for diagnostic accuracy. There remains a paucity of data on VEO-IBD and the proportion of monogeneic causes in South Asia.

Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Metastasis in Gallbladder Cancer: As Bad as Distant Metastasis.

Ashish Singh  Regarding gallbladder cancer (GBC) there is conflicting evidence in the literature whether retroperitoneal lymph nodal metastases (RLNM) should be considered as regional nodal metastasis or as distant metastasis (DM) and the jury is out on radical curative surgery in presence of RLNM. This is an analysis of GBC patients, to see the effect of RLNM on survival and to compare with that of patients with DMs.  A retrospective analysis of a prospective database of patients of GBC with RLNM (interaortocaval and paraaortic) or DM on frozen section biopsy at surgery, between January 2013 and December 2018.

Medical Management of Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease (PIBD) in the Asia Pacific Region: A Position Paper by the Asian Pan-Pacific Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (APPSPGHAN) PIBD Working Group.

Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) is rising rapidly in many industrialised and affluent areas in the Asia Pacific region. Current available guidelines, mainly from Europe and North America, may not be completely applicable to clinicians caring for children with PIBD in this region due to differences in disease characteristics and regional resources constraints. This position paper is an initiative from the Asian Pan-Pacific Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (APPSPGHAN) with the aim of providing an up-to-date, evidence-based approach to PIBD in the Asia Pacific region, taking into consideration the unique disease characteristics and financial resources available in this region.

Recent advances in bioengineered scaffold for in vitro meat production.

In vitro meat production via stem cell technology and tissue engineering provides hypothetically elevated resource efficiency which involves the differentiation of muscle cells from pluripotent stem cells. By applying the tissue engineering technique, muscle cells are cultivated and grown onto a scaffold, resulting in the development of muscle tissue. The studies related to in vitro meat production are advancing with a seamless pace, and scientists are trying to develop various approaches to mimic the natural meat.

Effectiveness of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on radiological primary end-point pneumonia among cases of severe community acquired pneumonia in children: A prospective multi-site hospital-based test-negative study in Northern India.

Introduction: Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a leading cause of under-five mortality in India and Streptococcus pneumoniae is the main bacterial pathogen for it. Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine 13 (PCV13) has been introduced in a phased manner, in the national immunization program of India since 2017/2018. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of PCV13 on chest radiograph (CXR)-confirmed pneumonia, in children hospitalized with WHO-defined severe CAP.

Management and monitoring of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease in the Asia-Pacific region: A position paper by the Asian Pan-Pacific Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (APPSPGHAN) PIBD Working Group: Surgical management, disease monitoring, and special considerations.

Disease phenotype of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) in children from the Asia-Pacific region differs from that of children from the West. Many parts of Asia are endemic for tuberculosis, making diagnosis and management of pediatric Crohn's disease a challenge. Current available guidelines, mainly from Europe and North America, may not be completely applicable to clinicians caring for children with PIBD in Asia due to differences in disease characteristics and regional resource constraints.

Efficacy of body position on gastric residual in preterm infant: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Preterm babies are born before completion of 37 weeks of gestational. Compared to term neonates, preterm babies are difficult to adjust to extra uterine life and 15 million babies (11%) born before 37 weeks of gestation.

Purpose: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate evidence concerning the efficacy of body position on gastric residual volume among preterm infants.

Cost Analysis on Total Cost Incurred (Including Out-of-pocket Expenditure and Social Cost) During Palliative Care in Cases of Head-and-Neck Cancer at a Government Regional Cancer Centre in North India.

Objectives: Palliative care involves providing symptomatic relief from the pain and stress of a severe illness to markedly improve the quality of life for both the patients and their families. It imposes high indirect costs on the patients. The study was conducted at SGPGIMS, which caters to 500 head-and-neck cancer patients annually.

Endovascular management of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations presenting as multiple brain abscesses.

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) are rare vascular lesions characterised by abnormal connections between the pulmonary artery and vein bypassing the pulmonary capillary bed and causing right-to-left shunt. Paradoxical embolism is known to occur in these cases, leading to inoculation of septic focus in the systemic circulation. We report a case of multiple PAVMs who presented clinically with seizures and altered sensorium.

Spontaneous regression in a primary adenocarcinoma of lung with epidermal growth factor receptor mutation.

Spontaneous regression (SR) has been reported sporadically in few tumor types. Its occurrence in non-small-cell lung cancer is relatively rare, more so with adenocarcinoma histology. Various mechanisms of SR have been postulated in literature that may play a role in triggering immune response.