Recent trends and advances in type 1 diabetes therapeutics: A comprehensive review.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of pancreatic β-cells, leading to insulin deficiency. Insulin replacement therapy is the current standard of care for T1D, but it has significant limitations. However, stem cell-based replacement therapy has the potential to restore β-cell function and achieve glycaemic control eradicating the necessity for drugs or injecting insulin externally.

The Psychosocial Impact of COVID-19 on an Adult Indian Population.

Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was a pandemic with many physical, psychological, and socioeconomic effects. COVID-19 caused a global increase in anxiety and depression because of its novelty, high infectivity, varied presentation, and unpredictable mortality. In the face of collapsing healthcare facilities, monetary setbacks, and loneliness because of lockdowns, people were anxious, and this was compounded by media sensationalism.

Prednisolone 20 mg vs 40 mg in complex regional pain syndrome type I: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: High dose of corticosteroid has been found beneficial in complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS-I). We report the efficacy and safety of prednisolone 20 mg versus 40 mg in CRPS-I in an open label randomized controlled trial.

Methods: The patients with CRPS-I of the shoulder joint with a CRPS score of ≥8 were included.

COVID-19 infected ST-Elevation myocardial infarction in India (COSTA INDIA).

Objective: To find out differences in the presentation, management and outcomes of COVID-19 infected STEMI patients compared to age and sex-matched non-infected STEMI patients treated during the same period.

Methods: This was a retrospective multicentre observational registry in which we collected data of COVID-19 positive STEMI patients from selected tertiary care hospitals across India. For every COVID-19 positive STEMI patient, two age and sex-matched COVID-19 negative STEMI patients were enrolled as control.

Topographic localization of migraine triggers and its association with headache frequency and severity.

Objective: Internal biological rhythm with or without external trigger may precipitate migraine. Classifying exogenous and endogenous triggers to a topographic localization may help in understanding the migraine. We report topographic localization of migraine triggers and its influence on headache frequency and severity.

Case Reports on Black Fungus of the Gastrointestinal Tract: A New Complication in COVID-19 Patients.

Gastrointestinal mucormycosis is a rare disease with a significant mortality rate, even when promptly diagnosed and treated. An unusual complication was observed in India during the second wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Two incidences of gastric mucormycosis were found.

Transcriptomics and Proteomics Approach for the Identification of Altered Blood microRNAs and Plasma Proteins in Parkinson's Disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the selective destruction of dopaminergic neurons (DA-nergic). Clinically, PD is diagnosed based on developing signs and symptoms. A neurological and physical examination and sometimes medical and family history also help in the diagnosis of PD.

Impact of probiotic on anxiety and depression symptoms in pregnant and lactating women and microbiota of infants: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Probiotics are non-invasive therapies composed of live bacteria and yeast. Administration of prebiotics improved the health status of pregnant and lactating women, as well as newborns. This review aimed to appraise the evidence concerning the effectiveness of probiotics on the mental health of pregnant women, lactating mother and the microbiota of the newborn.

Headache Associated with PPE During COVID-19 Pandemic in Health Care Workers.

Purpose: In the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), health care workers (HCWs) are at very high risk. Personal protective equipment (PPE) and masks are not only difficult to wear while working but also causes various complications. The present self-administered questionnaire- based study aimed to explore the headache and complications in HCWs on wearing PPE during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Management of scalp arteriovenous malformations: a rising trend towards percutaneous direct puncture embolization technique-our experience.

Background: Scalp arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), or cirsoid aneurysms of the scalp, usually present with troublesome symptoms and cosmetic disfigurement. Endovascular/percutaneous embolization has evolved as a sole treatment method or adjunct to surgical excision in the management of scalp AVMs with an excellent outcome.

Purpose: To discuss minimally invasive techniques for treating scalp AVMs as well as to highlight the role of embolization before surgery.

Cytomegalovirus reactivation with high viral load in a patient of coronavirus disease 2019 acute respiratory distress syndrome: a case report.

Introduction: Cytomegalovirus establishes life-long latency after primary infection in childhood. Cytomegalovirus reactivation has been well reported in immune-compromised patients; however, in the last few years it has been observed that cytomegalovirus reactivation also occurs in critically ill patients without exogenous immunosuppression, which increases length of intensive care unit stay and mortality rate.

Case Report: A 63-year-old Indian male, without any known comorbidity, developed severe coronavirus disease 2019 and was admitted to the intensive care unit.

Surgery for symptomatic hepatic hemangioma: Resection vs. enucleation, an experience over two decades.

Backgrounds/aims: Hemangiomas are the most common benign liver lesions; however, they are usually asymptomatic and seldom require surgery. Enucleation and resection are the most commonly performed surgical procedures for symptomatic lesions. This study aims to compare the outcomes of these two surgical techniques.

The Impact of Early Enteral Nutrition on Post-operative Hospital Stay and Complications in Infants Undergoing Congenital Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

The congenital cardiac diseases (CHDs) are the leading cause of death in children. The CHDs detection and management have greatly improved over the past few decades. This review aimed to assess the effectiveness of early enteral nutrition (EEN) on postoperative outcomes in infants undergoing congenital cardiac surgery.

Bacteriological profiles and antibiotic susceptibility of neonatal sepsis in a university hospital of Northern India.

Context: Knowledge of epidemiology of bacterial isolates and their anti-biograms in hospital settings is necessary for prompt empirical anti-microbial therapy of neonatal sepsis.

Aims: To study risk factors, bacteriological profiles, and anti-biograms of blood culture isolates of both early and late onset neonatal sepsis.

Settings And Design: It is a prospective observational study conducted from January 2020 till July 2021 at our tertiary care center.

Alteration in mitochondrial dynamics promotes the proinflammatory response of microglia and is involved in cerebellar dysfunction of young and aged mice following LPS exposure.

Cerebellar dysfunction is implicated in impaired motor coordination and balance, thus disturbing the dynamics of sensorimotor integration. Neuroinflammation and aging could be prominent contributors to cerebellar aberration. Additionally, changes in mitochondrial dynamics may precede microglia activation in several chronic neurodegenerative diseases; however, the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown.

Characterisation of OXA-48-like carbapenemases in and from North India.

The oxacillinase-48 (OXA-48)-like carbapenemases are class D β-lactamases and increasingly reported in Enterobacterial species. The detection of these carbapenemases is challenging and little information is available on the epidemiology and plasmid characteristics of OXA-48-like carbapenemase producers. We detected the presence of OXA-48-like carbapenemases in 500 clinical isolates of and , followed by detection of other carbapenemases, extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and 16S rRNA methyltransferases in OXA-48 producers.

Amniotic Fluid Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Derived from Fetuses with Isolated Cardiac Defects Exhibit Decreased Proliferation and Cardiomyogenic Potential.

Amniotic fluid mesenchymal stromal cells (AF-MSCs) represent an autologous cell source to ameliorate congenital heart defects (CHDs) in children. The AF-MSCs, having cardiomyogenic potential and being of fetal origin, may reflect the physiological and pathological changes in the fetal heart during embryogenesis. Hence, the study of defects in the functional properties of these stem cells during fetal heart development will help obtain a better understanding of the cause of neonatal CHDs.

The relationship between MMP-2 rs243865, MMP-9 rs398242 and CXCL-12 rs1801157 gene polymorphisms with Japanese encephalitis disease and disease outcome in North Indian population.

Background & Objectives: Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is one of the most important causes of acute and uncontrolled inflammatory disease in Asia. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and chemokines play a detrimental role in the host response to JE disease, aetiology, and disease outcome. Evidently, MMPs are widely circulated in the brain and regulate various process including microglial activation, inflammation, blood-brain barrier disruption as well as affects central nervous system (CNS).

A dose escalated fiducial marker-based image guided radical radiotherapy in locally advanced prostate cancers: A single institute experience from India.

Purpose: Image guided radiotherapy (IGRT) is one of the most commonly used treatment in LAPC. Dose escalation >74 Gy has shown to improve the biochemical control and freedom from failure rate in LAPC.We started treating LAPC patients with dose escalated IGRT in our institute since 2008.

Implication of Obesity and Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis in the Etiology of Colorectal Cancer.

The complexity and variety of gut microbiomes within and among individuals have been extensively studied in recent years in connection to human health and diseases. Our growing understanding of the bidirectional communication between metabolic diseases and the gut microbiome has also highlighted the significance of gut microbiome dysbiosis in the genesis and development of obesity-related cancers. Therefore, it is crucial to comprehend the possible role of the gut microbiota in the crosstalk between obesity and colorectal cancer (CRC).

Retrospective diagnosis by parental testing in the next generation sequencing era and utility of reanalysis of exome data.

Objective: Genetic diseases are an important cause of neonatal and childhood mortality. For couples with a history of demise of previous children, screening for carrier status can be done by exome sequencing (ES) of the parents. Our aim was to describe the clinical utility of "targeted parental ES" in such couples and to assess the utility of reanalysis of parental ES data.