Brief communication: virological outcomes and dolutegravir resistance mutations in HIV-infected patients: a multicenter retrospective cohort study in Mozambique.

The global HIV epidemic remains a major public health challenge, with DTG playing a key role in ART regimens due to its efficacy and tolerability. This study evaluated virological outcomes and resistance mutations in patients on DTG in Mozambique through a retrospective cohort study in seven DREAM centers. Data from 29,601 patients (98.

Hyperhomocysteinemia-induced VCID results in visual deficits, reduced neuroinflammation and vascular alterations in the retina.

Over recent years, the retina has been increasingly investigated as a potential biomarker for dementia. A number of studies have looked at the effect of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology on the retina and the associations of AD with visual deficits. However, while OCT-A has been explored as a biomarker of cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD), studies identifying the specific retinal changes and mechanisms associated with cSVD are lacking.

Spatiotemporal Correlation Analysis for the Incidence of Esophageal and Gastric Cancer From 2010 to 2019: Ecological Study.

Background: Esophageal and gastric cancer were among the top 10 most common cancers worldwide. In addition, sex-specific differences were observed in the incidence. Due to their anatomic proximity, the 2 cancers have both different but also shared risk factors and epidemiological features.

Systematic review and meta-analysis on the carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates.

Background: The global dissemination of carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-hvKp) poses a critical threat to public health. However, comprehensive data on the prevalence and resistance rates of CR-hvKp are limited. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to estimate the pooled prevalence of carbapenem resistance among hvKp strains and assess the distribution of carbapenemase genes.

Putting the broken pieces of life together, Baloch family caregivers' confrontation with schizophrenia: a phenomenological study.

Background: Long-term care of patients with schizophrenia, which creates a burden of care, leads to disruption in interactions, social and personal relationships, changes in lifestyle, and shifts in the roles of family members. This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of family caregivers who are caring for a family member with schizophrenia within the Baloch ethnicity.

Methods: This is a qualitative study, using a descriptive phenomenological approach.

Sensor-based technologies for motion analysis in sports injuries: a scoping review.

Background: Insightful motion analysis provides valuable information for athlete health, a crucial aspect of sports medicine. This systematic review presents an analytical overview of the use of various sensors in motion analysis for sports injury assessment.

Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted in February 2024 using search terms related to "sport", "athlete", "sensor-based technology", "motion analysis", and "injury.

Reproductive health literacy scale: a tool to measure the effectiveness of health literacy training.

Background: Refugee women's reproductive health (RH) outcomes have been impacted by several factors, including experiencing war, lack of access to healthcare, and possible gender-based violence. After resettlement, low health literacy, financial difficulties, cultural and linguistic barriers, and unfamiliarity with the healthcare system also add to the preexisting barriers. Although several efforts have focused on health education and improving health literacy among refugee women, there has not been a validated tool to measure the effectiveness of these trainings and their possible impact.

Agreement of zero-heat-flux thermometry compared with infrared tympanic temperature monitoring in adults undergoing major surgery.

The patient's body temperature significantly fluctuates, affected by factors, including anesthesia. The ideal temperature monitoring method that is suitable for perioperative application is of great significance for identifying hypothermia and malignant hyperthermia early, as well as for guiding intraoperative temperature protection. This study aims to compare the cutaneous zero-heat-flux (ZHF) thermometer application in general anesthesia using the infrared tympanic measurement as a reference.

Postural stability measures as diagnostic tools for chronic ankle instability: a comprehensive assessment.

Background: Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is characterized by recurrent sprains and persistent symptoms, which impair postural control. This study evaluates the diagnostic utility of various linear and nonlinear postural stability measures in distinguishing individuals with CAI from healthy controls.

Methods: Postural stability was assessed in 24 participants (12 with CAI and 12 healthy controls) using a force platform under four conditions: hard surface with eyes open, hard surface with eyes closed, soft surface with eyes open, and soft surface with eyes closed.

Hook plate fixation and tension band wiring in the treatment of Mayo type II olecranon fractures.

Background: Olecranon fractures account for 8 ∼ 10% of all elbow fractures and usually require surgical intervention. Tension band wiring (TBW) is considered as the standard treatment while it is associated with high re-operation rates.

Objective: This study aims to compare the functional outcomes, complications and re-operations of hook plate fixation (HPF) versus TBW in treating Mayo Type II olecranon fractures.

Factors influencing healthcare workers' perceived compliance with infection prevention and control standards, North Bank East region, The Gambia, a cross-sectional study.

Background: This study evaluated Health Care Workers' (HCWs) knowledge, attitude, perceived compliance, and potential influencing factors related to Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) standards in the North Bank East region of The Gambia.

Method: The study was an analytic cross-sectional study, conducted in 2021 using a multistage sampling technique. Thirteen health facilities were sampled from the North Bank East Region of The Gambia.

Early release of circulating tumor cells after transarterial chemoembolization hinders therapeutic response in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the first-line therapeutic option for patients with intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Tumor neovascularization allows tumor growth and may facilitate the release of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) to the bloodstream after TACE. We investigated the relationship between early release of CTCs and radiological response after TACE.

Extracellular vesicle surface engineering with integrins (ITGAL & ITGB2) to specifically target ICAM-1-expressing endothelial cells.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are taken up by most cells, however specific or preferential cell targeting remains a hurdle. This study aims to develop an EV that targets cells involved in inflammation, specifically those expressing intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). To target these cells, we overexpress the ICAM-1 binding receptor "lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1" (LFA-1) in HEK293F cells, by sequential transfection of plasmids of the two LFA-1 subunits, ITGAL and ITGB2 (CD11a and CD18).

KaRhab: an international online registry for cardiac rhabdomyomas.

Background: Cardiac rhabdomyoma (RHM) is considered one of the most frequent benign heart tumors in children. However, encounters with cardiac RHM in clinical practice remain rare. Clinical information is primarily available in the form of single case reports or smaller studies with a shortage of large-scale reviews encompassing a substantial number of cases.

Epithelial cell diversity and immune remodeling in bladder cancer progression: insights from single-cell transcriptomics.

Background: The progression of bladder cancer (BC) from non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) to muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) significantly increases disease severity. Although the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a pivotal role in this process, the heterogeneity of tumor cells and TME components remains underexplored.

Methods: We characterized the transcriptomes of single cells from 11 BC samples, including 4 NMIBC, 4 MIBC, and 3 adjacent normal tissues.

Diagnosis and management of superficial arteriovenous malformations: French healthcare network's recommendations.

Superficial arteriovenous malformations are rare fast-flow lesions. They consist of arteriovenous shunts, without cellular hyperplasia or proliferation, which develop in the surrounding tissues (cutaneous, subcutaneous, muscular, bone). Although benign, they are among the most severe of superficial malformations.

Biomimetic polydopamine loaded with janus kinase inhibitor for synergistic vitiligo therapy via hydrogel microneedles.

Background: Both oxidative stress and autoimmune responses play crucial roles in the development of vitiligo. Under oxidative stress, the apoptotic melanocytes expose self-antigens and release high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), triggering autoimmune activation and recruiting CD8 T cells. This process further leads to the destruction of melanocytes, resulting in the lack of melanin granules.

Direct oral anticoagulants versus warfarin for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in nephrotic syndrome patients: a retrospective study.

Background: Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Anticoagulants are widely used in the prevention of VTE in NS patients. The use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) has not been studied intensively in NS patients.

The relationship between principals' pedagogical leadership practices and teachers' job performance: the role of sociodemographic characteristics.

Background: Concerns about leadership style and job achievement are global priorities. Most previous investigations have concentrated on one or two of the variables rather than on the sociodemographic characteristics. To properly understand the impact of leadership styles on teacher performance, it is critical to grasp the sociodemographic characteristicsvia a holistic approach to rethinking and improving the existing level.

Motor modules are largely unaffected by pathological walking biomechanics: a simulation study.

Background: Motor module (a.k.a.

Response mechanism of ethanol-tolerant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain ES-42 to increased ethanol during continuous ethanol fermentation.

Background: Continuous fermentation offers advantages in improving production efficiency and reducing costs, making it highly competitive for industrial ethanol production. A key requirement for Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains used in this process is their tolerance to high ethanol concentrations, which enables them to adapt to continuous fermentation conditions. To explore how yeast cells respond to varying levels of ethanol stress during fermentation, a two-month continuous fermentation was conducted.

Healthcare performance of leprosy management in peripheral health facilities of Dhanusa and Mahottari, Nepal.

Background: The global elimination of leprosy transmission by 2030 is a World Health Organization (WHO) target. Nepal's leprosy elimination program depends on early case diagnosis and the performance of health workers and facilities. The knowledge and skills of paramedical staff (Leprosy Focal Person, LFP) and case documentation and management by health facilities are therefore key to the performance of health care services.

Comprehensive analysis of ESCRT transcriptome-associated signatures and identification of the regulatory role of LMO7-AS1 in osteosarcoma.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a commonly observed malignant tumor in orthopedics that has a very poor prognosis. The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) is important for the development and progression of cancer and may be a significant target for cancer therapy. First, we built a prognostic signature using 7 ESCRT-related genes (ERGs) to predict OS patient prognosis.

Genetic diversity of the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus in cohorts of patients affected with SARS-CoV-2.

Background: The Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain (IGH) genomic region is responsible for the production of circulating antibodies and warrants careful investigation for its association with COVID-19 characteristics. Multiple allelic variants within and across different IGH gene segments form a limited set of haplotypes. Previous studies have shown associations between some of these haplotypes and clinical outcomes of COVID-19.