Acute kidney injury during colistin therapy: a prospective study in patients with extensively-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections.

The study aimed to prospectively assess incidence and risk factors for colistin-associated nephrotoxicity. This is a secondary analysis of a multicentre, randomized clinical trial, comparing efficacy and safety of colistin versus the combination of colistin plus rifampicin in severe infections due to extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Acinetobacter baumannii. The primary end point was acute kidney injury (AKI) during colistin treatment, assessed using the AKI Network Criteria, and considering death as a competing risk.

Case report: management and HBV sequencing in a patient co-infected with HBV and HIV failing tenofovir.

Nucleos(t)ide analogs such as tenofovir, lamivudine, or emtricitabine are active against both HBV and HIV. Tenofovir confers potent and durable HBV-DNA suppression but the best strategy in case of resistance of HBV to tenofovir remains unknown. A case of a 22-year-old patient with co-infection with HBV and HIV transmitted perinatally is reported.

Piperacillin/tazobactam (Tazocin™) seems to be no longer responsible for false-positive results of the galactomannan assay.

Objectives: Galactomannan (GM) testing is extremely useful for diagnosing invasive aspergillosis in high-risk patients, but false-positive results have been reported in patients treated with piperacillin/tazobactam. The aims of this study are to test if the recent piperacillin/tazobactam (Tazocin™; Pfizer) preparation still contains GM, and if serum GM positivity in haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients receiving piperacillin/tazobactam can be attributed to this treatment.

Patients And Methods: Serum samples obtained from 1 October 2009 to 31 October 2010 from HSCT recipients for GM testing were analysed.

Disseminated Salmonella paratyphi infection in a rheumatoid arthritis patient treated with infliximab.

Anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha treatments are immunosuppressant and represent an important risk factor for developing infections. We report a case of Salmonella paratyphi bacteraemia associated with soft tissue infection in a patient who used infliximab and had recently travelled to India. This case report provides supporting evidence, essentially based only on case reports, that patients receiving anti-TNF-alpha treatments have an increased susceptibility to Salmonella infections, which may develop at unusual and disseminated sites.

Risk factors for invasive aspergillosis and related mortality in recipients of allogeneic SCT from alternative donors: an analysis of 306 patients.

Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a serious complication in patients undergoing allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), particularly from donors other than HLA-identical sibling. All 306 patients who underwent alternative donor HSCT between 01 January 1999 and 31 December 2006 were studied. Late IA was defined as occurring >or=40 days after HSCT.

Current status of newer carbapenems.

Objectives: Beta-lactam antibiotics represent the most commonly prescribed antibacterial agents. Since many bacteria have developed resistance to older agents, new beta-lactams have been introduced constantly. In the late 1970s, a new class of exceptionally broad-spectrum beta-lactams, the carbapenems, was identified.