Development and Laboratory Evaluation of a Simple, Field-Applicable Coproantigen Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Diagnosis of Taeniasis in Northern Peru.

Coproantigen detection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (coAg ELISA) is a vital tool for detecting and treating cases of Taenia solium taeniasis. However, the assay's procedures require costly materials and sophisticated equipment, which are typically inaccessible in rural settings where the disease is endemic. To overcome these barriers, we developed and evaluated a field-applicable coAg ELISA.

Clinical and phylogenetic influenza dynamics for the 2019-20 season in the global influenza hospital surveillance network (GIHSN) - Pilot study.

Background: The Global Influenza Hospital Surveillance Network (GIHSN) has operated with the aim of investigating epidemiological and clinical factors related to severe influenza-related hospitalisations.

Study Design: A common GIHSN core protocol for prospective patient enrolment was implemented. Hospital personnel completed a standardized questionnaire regarding the included patients' medical history, compiled a hospitalisation summary, collected an upper respiratory swab sample for laboratory diagnosis, and genome sequencing was performed for a subset of samples.

Scale-bearing beauty: Intertidal scale-worms (Polychaeta: Polynoidae) from Punta Blanca (Arequipa, Peru).

Three species of polynoid polychaetes were collected during an exploratory sampling on the rocky shore of Punta Blanca in Arequipa, Peru. Lepidonotus aff. crosslandi peruana Hartmann-Schrder, 1962 differed from the nominal species by the presence of jaws without denticles and bidentate neurochaetae in the third parapodium while Harmothoe aff.

Decolonising violence against women research: a study design for co-developing violence prevention interventions with communities in low and middle income countries (LMICs).

Background: There has been substantial progress in research on preventing violence against women and girls (VAWG) in the last 20 years. While the evidence suggests the potential of well-designed curriculum-based interventions that target known risk factors of violence at the community level, this has certain limitations for working in partnership with communities in low- and middle-income (LMIC) countries, particularly when it comes to addressing the power dynamics embedded within north-south research relationships.

Methods: As an alternative approach, we outline the study design for the EVE Project: a formative research project implemented in partnership with community-based researchers in Samoa and Amantaní (Peru) using a participatory co-design approach to VAWG prevention research.

Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli isolates from neonatal alpacas mainly display F17 fimbriae adhesion gene.

Neonatal domestic South American Camelid llamas and alpacas suffer from an enteric disease complex characterized by abdominal distention, lethargy, dehydration, and eventual fatal septicemia. Analysis of rectal swabs from neonatal alpacas suffering clinical diarrheas has constantly isolated Escherichia coli, mainly the EPEC and EHEC pathotypes. The present communication reports the results of molecular analysis of 226 E.

Pathogenomics insights for understanding Pasteurella multocida adaptation.

Pasteurella multocida is an important veterinary pathogen able to infect a wide range of animals in a broad spectrum of diseases. P. multocida is a complex microorganism in relation to its genomic flexibility, host adaptation and pathogenesis.

Development of broad spectrum mycosporine loaded sunscreen formulation from Ulva fasciata delile.

Unlabelled: Ba.ckground: Sunscreen formulations primarily offer protection against UV induced damages however nowadays it also maintains skin natural physiological conditions. Current global market is flooded with numerous sunscreen products which offer protection to skin against several UV induced damages.

Physical Exertion Immediately Before Early Preterm Delivery: A Case-Crossover Study.

Background: Occupational exertion is associated with a higher risk of preterm delivery, although studies of leisure time activities generally document reduced risks. Less is known about the risk of preterm delivery immediately following episodes of moderate or heavy physical exertion.

Methods: We conducted a case-crossover study of 722 women interviewed during their hospital stay for early preterm delivery, defined by a gestational age before 34 weeks, and after 20 weeks.

Influenza in Latin America: A report from the Global Influenza Initiative (GII).

The Global Influenza Initiative (GII) is a global expert group that aims to raise acceptance and uptake of influenza vaccines globally and provides recommendations and strategies to address challenges at local, national, regional, and global levels. This article provides a consolidated estimation of disease burden in Latin America, currently lacking in published literature, and delivers the GII recommendations specific to Latin America that provide guidance to combat existing vaccination challenges. While many countries worldwide, especially in the tropics and subtropics, do not have a seasonal influenza policy, 90% of Latin American countries have a seasonal influenza policy in place.

Quantitative risk assessment of norovirus and adenovirus for the use of reclaimed water to irrigate lettuce in Catalonia.

Wastewater is an important resource in water-scarce regions of the world, and its use in agriculture requires the guarantee of acceptable public health risks. The use of fecal indicator bacteria to evaluate safety does not represent viruses, the main potential health hazards. Viral pathogens could complement the use of fecal indicator bacteria in the evaluation of water quality.

Physical Exertion Immediately Prior to Placental Abruption: A Case-Crossover Study.

While there is consistent evidence that episodes of physical exertion are associated with an immediately higher risk of acute ischemic vascular events, the risk of placental abruption immediately following episodes of physical exertion has not been studied. In a multicenter case-crossover study, we interviewed 663 women with placental abruption at 7 Peruvian hospitals between January 2013 and August 2015. We asked women about physical exertion in the hour before symptom onset and compared this with their frequency of physical exertion over the prior week.

Pan-genomic approach shows insight of genetic divergence and pathogenic-adaptation of Pasteurella multocida.

Pasteurella multocida is a gram-negative, non-motile bacterial pathogen, which is associated with chronic and acute infections as snuffles, pneumonia, atrophic rhinitis, fowl cholera and hemorrhagic septicemia. These diseases affect a wide range of domestic animals, leading to significant morbidity and mortality and causing significant economic losses worldwide. Due to the interest in deciphering the genetic diversity and process adaptive between P.

Draft Genome Sequence of a Virulent Strain of Isolated From Alpaca.

is one of the most frequently isolated bacteria in acute pneumonia cases, being responsible for high mortality rates in Peruvian young alpacas, with consequent social and economic costs. Here we report the genome sequence of strain UNMSM, isolated from the lung of an alpaca diagnosed with pneumonia, in Peru. The genome consists of 2,439,814 base pairs assembled into 82 contigs and 2,252 protein encoding genes, revealing the presence of known virulence-associated genes (, , , , , , , , and ).

Investigation Into the Humaneness of Slaughter Methods for Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcelus) in the Andean Region.

Guinea pigs (Cavia porcelus) are an important source of nonhuman animal protein in the Andean region of South America. Specific guidelines regarding the welfare of guinea pigs before and during slaughter have yet to be developed. This study critically assessed the humaneness of 4 different stunning/slaughter methods for guinea pigs: cervical neck dislocation (n = 60), electrical head-only stunning (n = 83), carbon dioxide (CO2) stunning (n = 21), and penetrating captive bolt (n = 10).

Circadian clock-related genetic risk scores and risk of placental abruption.

Introduction: The circadian clock plays an important role in several aspects of female reproductive biology. Evidence linking circadian clock-related genes to pregnancy outcomes has been inconsistent. We sought to examine whether variations in single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of circadian clock genes are associated with PA risk.

Preclinical studies on the pharmacokinetics, safety, and toxicology of oxfendazole: toward first in human studies.

A 2-week study in rats identified target organs of oxfendazole toxicity to be bone marrow, epididymis, liver, spleen, testis, and thymus. Female rats had greater oxfendazole exposure and exhibited toxicities at lower doses than did males. Decreased white blood cell levels, a class effect of benzimidazole anthelmintics, returned to normal during the recovery period.

Placental genome and maternal-placental genetic interactions: a genome-wide and candidate gene association study of placental abruption.

While available evidence supports the role of genetics in the pathogenesis of placental abruption (PA), PA-related placental genome variations and maternal-placental genetic interactions have not been investigated. Maternal blood and placental samples collected from participants in the Peruvian Abruptio Placentae Epidemiology study were genotyped using Illumina's Cardio-Metabochip platform. We examined 118,782 genome-wide SNPs and 333 SNPs in 32 candidate genes from mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation pathways in placental DNA from 280 PA cases and 244 controls.

Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum seroprevalences in domestic South American camelids of the Peruvian Andes.

The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of Toxoplasma gondii- and Neospora caninum-specific antibodies in domestic South American camelids (SAC) (llamas and alpacas) from the Peruvian Andes through a cross-sectional study. A wide panel of serum samples collected from 1,845 llamas and 2,874 alpacas from the two main SAC production areas of Peru was selected. Immunofluorescence antibody technique was employed to detect and titrate specific anti-T.

Embryo transfer in domestic South American camelids.

Intraspecific and interspecific embryo transfer in domestic South American camelids is developing into a well-established technique. Reports reveal many benefits of using reproductive biotechnologies to allow rapid propagation of alpacas and llamas of high genetic merit (e.g.

A direct composite resin stratification technique for restoration of the smile.

Composite resins can be used to improve the esthetics of the smile at a low cost and with relatively high clinical performance. The aim of this article was to describe an approach to restore and enhance the esthetic appearance of the anterior dentition through vital tooth whitening and the direct layering of composite resin during predictable esthetic procedures.

Soy extracts versus hormone therapy for reduction of menopausal hot flushes: indirect comparison.

Objective: The aim of this study was to make an indirect comparison of the results from meta-analyses that evaluated the severity of hot flushes in postmenopausal women exposed to hormone therapy (HT) or soy extracts.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of HT and soy extracts related to the reduction of hot flushes in postmenopausal women versus the same control (placebo) were conducted. In addition, the combination of the overall results obtained from these two meta-analyses (indirect comparison) was adjusted to the common control (placebo).