Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiling for species-specific characterization and detection of fungal pathogens that cause tree and grapevine trunk diseases.

Fungal trunk diseases are of major concern for tree fruit, nut, and grape growers throughout the world. These diseases include Eutypa dieback of grape, caused by , band canker of almond, caused by and , and twig and branch dieback of walnut, caused by , Botryosphaeria dieback of grape, caused by , and , and esca of grape, caused by and . Given the common occurrence of mixed infections, and the similar wood symptoms at the macroscopic level, species-specific detection tools are needed.

The Flight Pattern of Navel Orangeworm ( Walker) 2008-2023 in California Pistachio.

The navel orangeworm, , is the principal pest of pistachio and almond in California. The timing of the insecticide application is challenging because there is no model that predicts when pistachio is vulnerable to infestation. Sixteen years of pistachio flight data from Madera and Fresno counties (541,892 adults) were analyzed to determine if there was a consistent starting point each year for flights that overlap pistachio vulnerability.

A low cost and labor-efficient method for rearing an invasive beetle, Carpophilus truncatus (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae).

The carpophilus beetle, Carpophilus truncatus Murray, 1864 (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) is an invasive pest recently detected in California's tree nut crop orchards. Here we report a simple, labor-saving, and cost-effective rearing system for C. truncatus utilizing banana and industrial sand components.

The complete genome sequence of " Liberibacter asiaticus" strain 9PA and the characterization of field strains in the Brazilian citriculture.

Unlabelled: " Liberibacter asiaticus" (CLas) is associated with citrus huanglongbing, a severe disease with global importance that affects citrus production in Brazil. This study reports the first complete genome of a Brazilian strain of CLas. The genomic structure comparison of strain 9PA with those of 13 complete CLas genomes revealed 9,091 mismatches and 992 gaps/insertions, highlighting eight locally colinear blocks, among which six are in the prophage region.

The vector regulation hypothesis: dynamic competition between pathogen and vector behaviors constrains biofilm development in sharpshooter foreguts.

() bacteria form biofilm on the cuticular surfaces of the functional foregut (precibarium and cibarium) of its vectors, xylem fluid-ingesting sharpshooter leafhoppers and spittlebugs. While much is known about biofilm development and maturation , little is known about these processes in vectors. Real-time (RT)-PCR was used to quantify genomes daily in the functional foreguts of blue-green sharpshooters, over 7 days of exposure to infected grapevines.

A membrane localized RTX-like protein mediates physiochemical properties of the Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii cell envelope that impact surface adhesion, cell surface hydrophobicity and plant colonization.

Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii (Pnss), is the bacterial causal agent of Stewart's wilt of sweet corn. Disease symptoms include systemic wilting and foliar, water-soaked lesions.

The Discovery of a Hacienda Heights Isolate Diversifies the Geological Origins of the Virus in California, United States.

The citrus yellow vein clearing virus (CYVCV) is an emerging threat to the U.S. citrus industry.

Opportunities for optimizing fungal biological control agents for long-term and effective management of insect pests of orchards and vineyards: a review.

Novel tactics for controlling insect pests in perennial fruit and nut crops are needed because target pests often display decreased susceptibility to chemical controls due to overreliance on a handful of active ingredients and regulatory issues. As an alternative to chemical controls, entomopathogenic fungi could be utilized as biological control agents to manage insect pest populations. However, development of field ready products is hampered by a lack of basic knowledge.

Development of a CRISPR/SHERLOCK-Based Method for Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Selected Pospiviroids.

Pospiviroids infect a wide range of plant species, and many pospiviroids can be transmitted to potato and tomato. Pospiviroids continue to be a major production constraint as well as of quarantine concern for the movement of germplasm, and are regulated in several countries/regions. The USDA APHIS issued a federal order requiring all imported tomato and pepper seeds be certified free of six pospiviroids of quarantine significance.

Electrochemical Generation of Hydroxide and Hydrogen Peroxide for Hydrolysis of Sulfuryl Fluoride Fumigant.

The post-harvest fumigant, sulfuryl fluoride (SOF), is a >1000-fold more potent greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide and methane. Pilot studies have shown that SOF fumes vented from fumigation chambers can be captured and hydrolyzed by hydroxide (OH) and hydrogen peroxide (HO) at pH ∼ 12 in a scrubber, producing SO and F as waste salts. To reduce the costs and challenges associated with purchasing and mixing these reagents onsite, this study evaluates the electrochemical generation of OH and HO within spent scrubbing solution, taking advantage of the waste SO and F as free sources of electrolyte.

Metabarcoding analysis reveals an interaction among distinct groups of bacteria associated with three different varietals of grapes used for wine production in Brazil.

Grapes are globally popular with wine production being one of the most well-known uses of grapes worldwide. Brazil has a growing wine industry, and the Serra Gaúcha region is a significant contributor to the country's wine production. Nonetheless, other states are increasing their relevance in this segment.

Pre-inoculation water deficit effects on grapevine physiology, Xylella fastidiosa titers, and Pierce's disease progression.

Drought and Pierce's disease are common throughout many grapevine-growing regions such as Mexico and the United States. Yet, how ongoing water deficits affect infections of Xylella fastidiosa, the causal agent of Pierce's disease, is poorly understood. Symptoms were observed to be significantly more severe in water-stressed plants one month after X.

Correction: Sun, Y.-D.; Yokomi, R. Genotype Sequencing and Phylogenetic Analysis Revealed the Origins of Citrus Yellow Vein Clearing Virus California Isolates. 2024, , 188.

In the original publication [...

Preharvest Mandarin Rind Disorder: Insights into Varietal Differences and Preharvest Treatments Effects on Postharvest Quality.

The citrus industry loses a significant amount of mandarin fruits either before or shortly after harvesting due to rind disorder. Different citrus cultivars are impacted by a physiological rind disorder that lowers fruit quality and marketability. Although the primary etiology of this condition is unknown, changes in relative humidity (RH) and rind water status can make it worse.

Protocol for quantitative evaluation of misfolded protein degradation using Agrobacterium-mediated expression system in Nicotiana benthamiana.

Cellular protein homeostasis is maintained by the disposal of aggregated misfolded proteins. Here, we present a protocol for investigating the involvement of the proteins of interest in misfolded protein degradation via Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana. We describe in detail the steps of misfolded protein design, transient protein expression in N.

Characterization of data observing , and infection effects on development of grapevine phenolic compound levels and resistance to subsequent infections.

Grapevines encounter many different pathogens throughout their lifespans, including the bacterial pathogen , which causes Pierce's disease that results in vascular occlusion and eventual plant host death, the fungal pathogen , which causes stem cankers that kill individual vines and reduce fruit yields, and the root knot nematode , which destroys root tissues that impacts host vigour. To date, little research has been conducted to examine how one infection could impact subsequent infections by the same or different pathogens despite this is important to ensure healthy vineyards. Therefore, grapevines initially infected with either , or were subsequently infected with eight weeks later to observe developing lesion lengths, which were assessed to determine grapevine resistance to infections.

Comprehensive evaluation of factors influencing selenium fertilization biofortification.

Background: Dietary selenium (Se) deficiency, stemming from low Se concentrations in agricultural products, threatens human health. While Se-containing fertilizers can enhance the Se content in crops, the key factors governing Se biofortification with Se fertilization remain unclear.

Results: This study constructed a global meta-analysis dataset based on field experiments comprising 364 entries on Se content in agricultural products and 271 entries on their yield.

Metformin blocks BIK1-mediated CPK28 phosphorylation and enhances plant immunity.

Introduction: Metformin (MET), derived from Galega officinalis, stands as the primary first-line medication for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Despite its well-documented benefits in mammalian cellular processes, its functions and underlying mechanisms in plants remain unclear.

Objectives: This study aimed to elucidate MET's role in inducing plant immunity and investigate the associated mechanisms.

Genotype Sequencing and Phylogenetic Analysis Revealed the Origins of California Isolates.

The (CYVCV) causes a viral disease that has been reported in some citrus-growing regions in countries in Eurasia including Pakistan, India, Türkiye, Iran, China, and South Korea. Recently, CYVCV was detected in a localized urban area in a town in the middle of California's citrus-growing region and marks the first occurrence of the virus in North America. CYVCV has been reported to be spread by aphid and whitefly vectors and is graft and mechanically transmitted.

Characterization and RNA interference-mediated silencing of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase gene in Carpophilus hemipterus (L.) (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae).

Dried fruit beetle, Carpophilus hemipterus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), is a serious pest of ripened fresh fruit in the orchard and dried fruit in postprocessing storage. Despite the economic impact and widespread distribution of C. hemipterus, there is a lack of functional genomics research seeking to elucidate features of molecular physiology for improved pest management.

Planococcus ficus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) movement and demography: methods for generating cohorts for laboratory studies.

Planococcus ficus (Signoret) is a worldwide pest of grapevine. Mealybugs overwinter under bark and move into the grape canopy as the season progresses. Because crawlers are more active than later stages, mealybug movement behavior is likely to be stage specific.