Serovar Infantis KPC-2 Producer: First Isolate Reported in Ecuador.

Antimicrobial resistance is currently considered a public health threat. Carbapenems are antimicrobials for hospital use, and Enterobacterales resistant to these β-lactams have spread alarmingly in recent years, especially those that cause health care-associated infections. The gene is considered one of the most important genetic determinants disseminated by plasmids, promoting horizontal gene transfer.

Advancements in dental bioreactor design: A comprehensive approach for application in dentistry.

The protocol introduces a novel multi-chamber bioreactor tailored for ex-vivo cell culture in dentistry research, emulating the 3D dental environment to propel research in dental applications. Constructed primarily from a polymeric material with a sophisticated 3D design, the bioreactor securely holds teeth structures within sealed chambers, enabling controlled perfusion of culture medium crucial for cell growth through a singular entry and exit point. An integrated electronic system manages flow and pressure, ensuring precise control over environmental conditions.

Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma Long-Term Prognostic Factors.

Introduction: Thyroid cancer is the most common cancer in women in Ecuador.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the demographics and clinical and treatment variables of patients with papillary or follicular thyroid cancer, referred to as differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), treated at a third-level hospital in Quito, Ecuador.

Methods: We reviewed retrospectively the medical records of patients with DTC, who underwent surgical treatment, from 1990 to 2019.

Demographic, Functional, and Risk Factors Characterization in Ecuadorian Mestizo Patients With Microtia: A Retrospective Study.

Objective: This paper compares demographic, morphological, functional, and risk factors between isolated and familial forms of microtia in Ecuadorian mestizo patients.

Methods: The authors did an epidemiological, and retrospective study with 112 patients divided into isolated microtia (n = 91) and familial microtia (n = 21). Patients with syndromic microtia were not included.

Spatial transferability of an agent-based model to simulate Taenia solium control interventions.

Background: Models can be used to study and predict the impact of interventions aimed at controlling the spread of infectious agents, such as Taenia solium, a zoonotic parasite whose larval stage causes epilepsy and economic loss in many rural areas of the developing nations. To enhance the credibility of model estimates, calibration against observed data is necessary. However, this process may lead to a paradoxical dependence of model parameters on location-specific data, thus limiting the model's geographic transferability.

Effect of the Absence of HEMA on the Bonding Properties of Universal Adhesive Systems Containing 10-MDP: An In Vitro Study.

Objectives: To evaluate the absence of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) on the adhesive properties with enamel and dentin of universal adhesive systems containing 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP).

Methods And Materials: One hundred and twelve caries-free third molars were used to test adhesion to dentin (n=64) and enamel (n=48). For each substrate, teeth were divided into eight experimental groups: four different adhesives each using two adhesive strategies.

Effect of irradiance and exposure time on the adhesive properties of universal adhesives after 2 years of storage.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effects of exposure time and irradiance on the dentin bonding properties (microtensile bond strength (μTBS) and nanoleakage (NL)) of the Clearfil Universal Bond Quick (CUQ) adhesive and Scotchbond Universal Adhesive (SBU) immediately and after 2 years of water storage.

Material And Methods: Hence, 128 human molars were randomly assigned to 16 groups based on adhesive strategy, irradiance/exposure times, and storage time for each universal adhesive tested. The adhesives were applied using the etch-and-rinse and self-etch strategies and were light-cured using four different irradiance/exposure times: 1400 mW/cm for 5 s (1400 × 5), 1400 mW/cm for 10 s (1400 × 10), 3200 mW/cm for 5 s (3200 × 5), and 3200 mW/cm for 10 s (3200 × 10).

Implants with hydrophilic surfaces equalize the osseointegration of implants in normo- and hyperglycaemic rats.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a surface modified by blasting and acid attack and maintained in an isotonic solution compared to a machined surface on osseointegration in normo- and hyperglycaemic animals. Sixty-four animals were allocated into 4 groups with 16 animals each, and they were subdivided into two experimental periods (15 and 45 days), with 8 animals in each group. The groups were divided according to the type of implant that was installed in the animals' tibia and the animals' systemic condition: CM - Machined implants placed in Healthy animals; CH - Hydrophilic implants placed in Healthy animals, HM - Machined implants placed in animals with hyperglycaemia; HH- Hydrophilic implants installed in animals with hyperglycaemia.

Prevalence and associated risk factors of chronic kidney disease: A case study within SIME clinics in Quito, Ecuador 2019-2021.

Background: Ecuador has been experiencing an epidemiological transition due to its demographic and lifestyle changes, where non-communicable diseases are the leading cause of death, including chronic kidney disease (CKD). Quito, Ecuador's capital city, is one of the cities burdened by CKD, yet it is unknown the factors that contribute to the rising incidence of this disease. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of CKD among non-institutionalized adults in Quito between 2019 and 2021, and to examine its associations with various risk factors.

Walking and cycling, as active transportation, and obesity factors in adolescents from eight countries.

Background: Evidence has shown that active transportation decreases obesity rates, but considering walking or cycling as separate modes could provide additional information on the health benefits in adolescents. This study aimed to examine the associations between walking and cycling as form active transportation and obesity indicators in Latin American adolescents.

Methods: Population-based study with 671 adolescents (mean age: 15.

Influence of Irradiance and Exposure Times on the Mechanical and Adhesive Properties of Universal Adhesives with Dentin.

Objectives: This study evaluated the influence of irradiance/exposure time on the Knoop hardness (KHN) and polymer cross-linking density (PCLD), as well as microtensile bond strength (μTBS), nanoleakage (NL), and in situ degree of conversion (DC) of universal adhesives.

Methods And Materials: Two universal adhesive systems, Clearfil Universal Bond Quick (CUQ) and Scotchbond Universal Adhesive (SBU), were light-cured using various irradiance/exposure times: 1400 mW/cm2 for 5 s (1400*5); 1400 mW/cm2 for 10 s (1400*10); 3200 mW/cm2 for 5 s (3200*5); and 3200 mW/cm2 for 10 s (3200*10). Adhesive disks from each group were used to measure PCLD by KHN.

Impact of language proficiency on mental health service use, treatment and outcomes: "Lost in Translation".

Background: Mastery of a language is bound to place of origin; low language proficiency is thus related to migration and cultural differences, all of which influence access to mental health care, treatment and outcomes. Switzerland, being multilingual, allows the disentangling of language proficiency from migration and, to some extent, culture. This study uses propensity score matching to explore how language proficiency relates to help-seeking behaviour, service use, treatment and outcomes in patients with mental health disorders.

Impact of compulsory admission on treatment and outcome: A propensity score matched analysis.

Background: Despite multiple ethical issues and little evidence of their efficacy, compulsory admission and treatment are still common psychiatric practice. Therefore, we aimed to assess potential differences in treatment and outcome between voluntarily and compulsorily admitted patients.

Methods: We extracted clinical data from inpatients treated in an academic hospital in Zurich, Switzerland between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2019.

Effects of microabrasion association to at-home bleaching on hydrogen peroxide penetration and color change.

Purpose: This study aimed to quantify the penetration of hydrogen peroxide (HP) inside the pulp cavity and color change with two different concentrations of HP to at-home bleaching associated or not with enamel microabrasion (MA).

Methods: Forty healthy premolars were randomly divided in four groups (n = 10): only HP4%, MA + HP4%, only HP10%, MA + HP10%. The concentration (μg/ml) of HP was assessed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry.

Efficacy and Toxicity of Fexinidazole and Nifurtimox Plus Eflornithine in the Treatment of African Trypanosomiasis: A Systematic Review.

Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), or sleeping sickness disease, is an infection caused mainly by human African trypanosomiasis (g-HAT) and is transmitted by tsetse flies. The disease goes through two stages: hemolymphatic and meningo-encephalic phases. The treatment for the second stage has changed from melarsoprol or eflornithine to nifurtimox-eflornithine combination therapy (NECT) and fexinidazole.

Usage of Direct Acting Oral Anticoagulants in Cirrhotic and Non-Cirrhotic Portal Vein Thrombosis: A Systematic Review.

Thrombosis of the portal vein (PVT) is generally seen in the setting of liver cirrhosis and to a lesser extent in the absence of cirrhosis. There is no clear guidance in relation to approaching treatment with anticoagulation in this condition. The professional societies and guidelines recommend treatment with traditional anticoagulation like low-molecular-weight heparin and vitamin-K antagonists in patients presenting with acute portal vein thrombosis.

Megalencephaly Polymicrogyria Polydactyly Hydrocephalus (MPPH): A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Megacephaly polymicrogyria, polydactyly, hydrocephalus (MPPH) is an extremely rare condition caused by a defect in the AKT3, CCND2, or PIKR2 genes. Although the prevalence of the syndrome is very low, there is a significant clinical and radiological variation in the syndrome. We present a case with MPPH admitted to the hospital due to an increase in seizure frequency.

Assessment of the effect of experimental bleaching agent with nano-bioactive material on postoperative sensitivity: A randomized, triple blind clinical trial.

Objectives: This clinical study aimed to evaluate the effect of incorporating bioactive nanoparticles (n-Bm) inside an in-office bleaching gel on the risk and intensity of tooth sensitivity (TS) and on bleaching effectiveness.

Materials And Methods: Sixty-six participants were selected and randomly assigned into two groups: control-only in-office gel and experimental-in-office gel with n-Bm. Teeth were bleached in two sessions (3 × 15-min).

Childbearing Age Women Characteristics in Latin America. Building Evidence Bases for Early Prevention. Results from the ELANS Study.

Latin American (LA) women have been exposed to demographic and epidemiologic changes that have transformed their lifestyle, with increasing sedentary and unhealthy eating behaviors. We aimed to identify characteristics of LA women to inform public policies that would benefit these women and their future children. The Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (ELANS) is a multicenter cross-sectional study of representative samples in eight Latin American countries ( = 9218) with a standardized protocol to investigate dietary intake, anthropometric variables, physical activity, and socioeconomic characteristics.

Assessing Upstream Determinants of Antibiotic Use in Small-Scale Food Animal Production through a Simulated Client Method.

Small-scale food animal production has been celebrated as a means of economic mobility and improved food security but the use of veterinary antibiotics among these producers may be contributing to the spread of antibiotic resistance in animals and humans. In order to improve antibiotic stewardship in this sector, it is critical to identify the drivers of producers' antibiotic use. This study assessed the determinants of antibiotic use in small-scale food animal production through simulated client visits to veterinary supply stores and surveys with households that owned food animals ( = 117) in Ecuador.

Chronic Liver Disease and the Risk of Osteoporotic Fractures: A Meta-Analysis.

Introduction Chronic liver disease (CLD) causes more than 1 million deaths every year and remains a pandemic in the last decade affecting more than 600,000 patients in the United States. Previous studies found patients with CLD had increased risk of osteoporosis, so fractures were inferred to be complications of this condition. The aim of this meta-analysis is to summarize the best evidence that correlates CLD patients and the risk to develop osteoporotic fractures versus control patients without CLD.

Early Pulmonary Metastasis After a Surgical Resection of Glioblastoma Multiforme. A Case Report.

BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme is one of the most aggressive types of tumors that affect the central nervous system. It has an extremely high morbidity and mortality rate despite immediate treatment and advances in chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. In the natural history of the disease, extracranial metastases of glioblastoma multiforme are a rare complication that can be localized in the lungs, bone, liver, and lymph nodes.

Influence of flavonoids on long-term bonding stability on caries-affected dentin.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of experimental dentin pre-treatment solutions formulated with different flavonoids on microtensile bond strength (μTBS), nanohardness (NH) and ultra-morphological characteristics of artificial caries-affected dentin (CAD) bonded using a universal bonding system.

Methods: A microbiological method was used to create an artificial CAD in 91 human molars. Five experimental pre-treatment solutions were created using the following flavonoids: quercetin (QUE); hesperidin (HES); rutin (RUT); naringin (NAR), or proanthocyanidin (PRO).