Cognitive Trajectories in Older Adults Diagnosed With Hematologic Malignant Neoplasms.

Importance: More people are surviving long-term after diagnosis with hematologic malignant neoplasm (HMN), yet there are limited data on cancer-related cognitive impairment in people with HMN. Better understanding cognitive outcomes after HMN in older adults is important for patient counseling and management.

Objective: To model cognitive trajectories and rates of cognitive decline before and after HMN diagnosis in older adults compared with a matched noncancer cohort.

Coupling of Slow Oscillations in the Prefrontal and Motor Cortex Predicts Onset of Spindle Trains and Persistent Memory Reactivations.

Sleep is known to drive the consolidation of motor memories. During nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, the close temporal proximity between slow oscillations (SOs) and spindles ("nesting" of SO-spindles) is known to be essential for consolidation, likely because it is closely associated with the reactivation of awake task activity. Interestingly, recent work has found that spindles can occur in temporal clusters or "trains.

Increased Hospital Encounters in Individuals With Spina Bifida Compared to the General Population: Statewide Health Care Utilization in California From 1995 to 2017.

Introduction: Our goal was to understand health care utilization by comparing hospital encounters among individuals with spina bifida and the general population and to identify the factors associated with utilization.

Methods: Using the Department of Health Care Access and Information database (1995-2017), individuals with spina bifida were identified and matched to controls by birth year. The primary outcome measures were the number of hospital encounters (stratified as ≤2 vs ≥3 encounters) and the time between the first and second encounters.

Mechanisms and efficacy of small molecule latency-promoting agents to inhibit HIV reactivation ex vivo.

Drugs that inhibit HIV transcription and/or reactivation of latent HIV have been proposed as a strategy to reduce HIV-associated immune activation or to achieve a functional cure, yet comparative studies are lacking. We evaluated 26 drugs, including drugs previously reported to inhibit HIV transcription (inhibitors of Tat-dependent HIV transcription, Rev, HSF-1/PTEF-b, HSP90, Jak/Stat, or SIRT1/Tat deacetylation) and other agents that were not tested before (inhibitors of PKC, NF-κB, SP-1, or histone acetyltransferase; NR2F1 agonists), elongation (inhibitors of CDK9/ PTEF-b), completion (inhibitors of PolyA-polymerase), or splicing (inhibitors of human splice factors). To investigate if those drugs would vary in their ability to affect different blocks to HIV transcription, we measured levels of initiated, elongated, midtranscribed, completed, and multiply spliced HIV RNA in PBMCs from antiretroviral therapy-suppressed individuals following ex vivo treatment with each drug and subsequent T cell activation.

Sexual and Urinary Health among Women following Bariatric Surgery.

Purpose: Women with obesity are more likely to experience bothersome urinary and sexual symptoms, but the long-term effect of metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) on these outcomes is poorly understood. We aimed to describe how MBS longitudinally impacted women's urinary and sexual health.

Methods: Patients who underwent MBS at the University of California, San Francisco Medical Center (UCSF) between 2009 and 2021 participated in a survey examining sexual health, pelvic organ prolapse (POP), and urinary health using three validated questionnaires: a modified version of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Distress Inventory 6 (POPDI-6), and the Urinary Distress Inventory 6 (UDI-6).

RPL22 is a tumor suppressor in MSI-high cancers and a splicing regulator of MDM4.

Microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) tumors are malignant tumors that, despite harboring a high mutational burden, often have intact TP53. One of the most frequent mutations in MSI-H tumors is a frameshift mutation in RPL22, a ribosomal protein. Here, we identified RPL22 as a modulator of MDM4 splicing through an alternative splicing switch in exon 6.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Type 2 Diabetes Outcomes in Veterans.

Importance: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom reduction is linked with lower risk of incident type 2 diabetes (T2D), but little is known about the association between PTSD and comorbid T2D outcomes. Whether PTSD is a modifiable risk factor for adverse T2D outcomes is unknown.

Objective: To determine whether patients with PTSD who improved and no longer met diagnostic criteria for PTSD had a lower risk of adverse T2D outcomes compared with patients with persistent PTSD.

Sex-specific role for the long noncoding RNA Pnky in mouse behavior.

The aberrant expression of specific long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) has been associated with cognitive and psychiatric disorders. Although a growing number of lncRNAs are now known to regulate neural cell development and function, relatively few lncRNAs have been shown to underlie animal behavior. Pnky is an evolutionarily conserved, neural lncRNA that regulates brain development.

Spatial 3D genome organization controls the activity of bivalent chromatin during human neurogenesis.

The nuclear genome is spatially organized into a three-dimensional (3D) architecture by physical association of large chromosomal domains with subnuclear compartments including the nuclear lamina at the radial periphery and nuclear speckles within the nucleoplasm. However, how spatial genome architecture regulates human brain development has been overlooked owing to technical limitations. Here, we generate high-resolution maps of genomic interactions with the lamina and speckles in cells of the neurogenic lineage isolated from midgestational human cortex, uncovering an intimate association between subnuclear genome compartmentalization, chromatin state and transcription.

Comparing Federal Communications Commission and Microsoft Estimates of Broadband Access for Mental Health Video Telemedicine Among Veterans: Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of telemedicine in health care. However, video telemedicine requires adequate broadband internet speeds. As video-based telemedicine grows, variations in broadband access must be accurately measured and characterized.

HIV-1 interaction with an -glycan-specific bacterial lectin enhances virus infectivity and resistance to neutralizing antibodies.

Bacteria dysbiosis and its accompanying inflammation or compromised mucosal integrity is associated with an increased risk of HIV-1 transmission. However, HIV-1 may also bind bacteria or bacterial products to impact infectivity and transmissibility. This study evaluated HIV-1 interactions with bacteria through glycan-binding lectins.

Leveraging the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research to Develop the American College of Rheumatology's Toolkit for Implementation of Rheumatoid Arthritis Outcome Measures in Clinical Practice: A Qualitative Study.

Objective: Despite the recognized benefits of collecting rheumatoid arthritis (RA) outcomes measures, their use in routine care is inconsistent. Using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), we conducted semistructured interviews with US rheumatologists and practice personnel to assess workflows, opportunities, and challenges in collecting RA outcome measures. Using insights from interviews, we developed the RA Measures Toolkit to enhance their use in clinical practice.

The osteocytic actions of glucocorticoids on bone mass, mechanical properties, or perilacunar remodeling outcomes are not rescued by PTH(1-34).

Glucocorticoids (GC) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) are widely used therapeutic endocrine hormones where their effects on bone and joint arise from actions on multiple skeletal cell types. In osteocytes, GC and PTH exert opposing effects on perilacunar canalicular remodeling (PLR). Suppressed PLR can impair bone quality and joint homeostasis, including in GC-induced osteonecrosis.

Patterns of Infliximab Biosimilar Uptake for Medicare, Medicaid, and Private Insurance from 2016 to 2022.

Objective: Biosimilars have the potential to reduce spending on biologic drugs, yet uptake has been slower than anticipated. We investigated how successive introductions of infliximab biosimilars influenced their adoption by major US insurance providers.

Methods: Data came from the Rheumatology Informatics System for Effectiveness, a national registry with electronic health records from more than 1,100 US rheumatologists.

Blockchain-Based Healthcare Credentialing: A Solution to High Costs and Administrative Burdens.

This article proposes a blockchain-based system to address the inefficiencies of the current healthcare credentialing process that contribute to workforce shortages. Leveraging blockchain's unique features, the proposed system aims to reduce time, cost, and labor, offering significant time savings, increased trustworthiness, and enhanced staffing resilience. Real-world blockchain examples demonstrate the feasibility of this approach.

Overexpression of PRDM16 improves muscle function after rotator cuff tears.

Background: Muscle atrophy, fibrosis, and fatty infiltration are commonly seen in rotator cuff tears (RCTs), which are critical factors that directly determine the clinical outcomes for patients with this injury. Therefore, improving muscle quality after RCT is crucial in improving the clinical outcome of tendon repair. In recent years, it has been discovered that adults have functional beige/brown adipose tissue (BAT) that can secrete batokines to promote muscle growth.

Innate and adaptive effector immune drivers of cytomegalovirus disease in lung transplantation: a double-edged sword.

Up to 90% of the global population has been infected with cytomegalovirus (CMV), a herpesvirus that remains latent for the lifetime of the host and drives immune dysregulation. CMV is a critical risk factor for poor outcomes after solid organ transplant, though lung transplant recipients (LTR) carry the highest risk of CMV infection, and CMV-associated comorbidities compared to recipients of other solid organ transplants. Despite potent antivirals, CMV remains a significant driver of chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD), re-transplantation, and death.