Mediation analysis of chronic kidney disease risk factors using kidney biomarkers in women living with HIV.

Objective: Novel urinary biomarkers reflecting kidney tubule health are associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk in persons living with HIV. However, it is unknown whether these biomarkers provide mechanistic insight into the associations between clinical risk factors for CKD and subsequent CKD risk.

Methods: Among 636 women living with HIV in the Women's Interagency HIV Study with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) >60 ml/min/1.

Evaluation of plasma sphingolipids as mediators of the relationship between kidney disease and cardiovascular events.

Background: Sphingolipids are a family of circulating lipids with regulatory and signaling roles that are strongly associated with both eGFR and cardiovascular disease. Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at high risk for cardiovascular events, and have different plasma concentrations of certain plasma sphingolipids compared to patients with normal kidney function. We hypothesize that circulating sphingolipids partially mediate the associations between eGFR and cardiovascular events.

Urinary Biomarkers of Kidney Tubule Health and Mortality in Persons with CKD and Diabetes Mellitus.

Key Points: Among adults with diabetes and CKD, biomarkers of kidney tubule health were associated with a greater risk of death, independent of eGFR, albuminuria, and additional risk factors. Higher urine levels of YKL-40 and KIM-1 were associated with a greater risk of death. For cause-specific death, UMOD was independently and inversely associated with the risk of cardiovascular death.