The Association of Echocardiographically Measured Donor Left Ventricular Mass and 1-Year Outcomes After Heart Transplantation.

Background: Donor-recipient heart size matching is crucial in heart transplantation; however, the often-used predicted heart mass (PHM) ratio may be inaccurate in the setting of obesity.

Objectives: In this study, the authors sought to investigate the association between echocardiographically measured donor left ventricular mass (LVM) for heart size matching and the risk of the primary 1-year composite outcome of death or retransplantation.

Methods: The Donor Heart Study was a prospective, multicenter, observational cohort study that collected echocardiograms from brain-dead donors.

Overcoming therapeutic inertia in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: Protocol of a randomized, quality improvement trial.

Therapeutic inertia, the delay in the appropriate initiation and intensification of recommended therapies, is a major contributor to the lack of improvement in type 2 diabetes outcomes over the past decade. Therapeutic inertia during the period following diagnosis, when improvements in glycemic control can have lasting benefits, is often overlooked. Technology and team-based care approaches can effectively address therapeutic inertia.

Consent to advanced imaging in antenatal pulmonary embolism diagnostics: Prevalence, outcomes of nonconsent and opportunities to mitigate delayed diagnosis risk.

Background: Nonconsent to pulmonary vascular (or advanced) imaging for suspected pulmonary embolism (PE) in pregnancy can delay diagnosis and treatment, increasing risk of adverse outcomes. We sought to understand factors associated with consent and understand outcomes after nonconsent.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study was undertaken across 21 community hospitals from October 1, 2021, through March 31, 2023.

Creating a Culture of an Awake and Walking Intensive Care Unit: In-Hospital Strategies to Mitigate Post-Intensive Care Syndrome.

The ABCDEF bundle and Awake and Walking intensive care unit (ICU) approach aim to prevent the long-term consequences of critical illness (ie, post-intensive care syndrome) by promoting patient wakefulness, cognition, and mobility. Humanizing the ICU experience is the key, preserving patients' function and autonomy. Successful implementation requires cultivating an ICU culture focused on avoiding sedatives and initiating prompt mobilization, addressing organizational barriers through tailored strategies.

Outcome Factors for Women Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement.

Women with severe aortic stenosis undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) have a higher burden of symptoms, are older at the time of the TAVR procedure, and have unique anatomic features that increase the periprocedural risk. However, long-term outcomes including mortality are favorable for women compared with men. Careful attention is needed in considering the vascular access route and choice of valve platform to mitigate complications.

Inequities in Inpatient Pediatric Patient Safety Events by Category.

Objectives: Few studies have analyzed potential inequities in both pediatric patient safety events (PSEs) and adverse events (AEs) - PSEs leading to harm - nor in PSEs by event type. We sought to examine potential inequities in rates of pediatric PSEs overall, by severity, and by category based on race and ethnicity, insurance payor, and language as measured using voluntary incident reports (IRs).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of pediatric hospitalizations between January 19, 2012 through December 31, 2019 at a US urban, tertiary care children's hospital.

Abdominal Pain-Specific Legal Risk.

Abdominal pain accounts for approximately 10% of emergency department visits and 4% to 6% of litigation. Clinical history and examination are important, as all diagnostic testing has limitations. Specific pathologies, such as appendicitis, warrant a review of factors increasing risk.

Decision Support Intervention and Anticoagulation for Emergency Department Atrial Fibrillation: The O'CAFÉ Stepped-Wedge Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Oral anticoagulation for adults with atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter (AFF) who are at elevated stroke risk reduces the incidence of ischemic stroke but remains underused. Efforts to increase anticoagulation initiation on emergency department (ED) discharge have yielded conflicting results.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a multipronged intervention supporting anticoagulation initiation for eligible adult ED patients.

Ovarian Sex Cord-Stromal Neoplasms: An Overview of Molecular Events and How to Correlate Morphology With Molecular Findings.

Since the discovery in 2009 that missence pathogenic variants/mutations in FOXL2 are extremely common in ovarian adult granulosa cell tumours, the last 2 decades have witnessed significant developments in our understanding of the molecular events underlying the pathogenesis of other ovarian sex cord-stromal tumours (SCSTs). In this review, we cover the molecular events in ovarian SCSTs and provide practical guidance to the reporting pathologist as to how and when molecular testing may be useful in diagnosis. We stress the need to correlate the morphology and molecular since most of the molecular events are not entirely specific for a particular tumour type and our knowledge is continually evolving with the elucidation of "new" molecular events.

Lessons learned: strategies for implementing and the ongoing use of LI-RADS in your practice.

The establishment of the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) in 2011 provided a comprehensive approach to standardized imaging, interpretation, and reporting of liver observations in patients diagnosed with or at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Each set of algorithms provides criteria pertinent to the various components of HCC management including surveillance, diagnosis, staging, and treatment response supported by a detailed lexicon of terms applicable to a wide range of liver imaging scenarios. Before its widespread adoption, the variability in the terminology of diagnostic criteria and definitions of imaging features led to significant challenges in patient management and made it difficult to replicate findings or apply them consistently.

Risk of Infection in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes With Relaxed Glycemic Control.

Objective: To compare the risk of hospitalization for infection among patients who achieve intensive versus relaxed glycemic control.

Research Design And Methods: This retrospective cohort study included adults age ≥65 years with type 2 diabetes from an integrated health care delivery system. Negative binomial models were used to estimate incidence rates and relative risk (RR) of hospitalization for infections (respiratory; genitourinary; skin, soft tissue, and bone; and sepsis), comparing two levels of relaxed (hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] 7% to <8% and 8% to <9%) with intensive (HbA1c 6% to <7%) glycemic control from 1 January 2019 to 1 March 2020.

Hypertensive Blood Pressure in Adolescent Females With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with hypertension in women, but few population studies have examined findings among adolescents. This retrospective study examines PCOS and hypertensive blood pressure in a large adolescent population receiving routine healthcare.

Methods: Among females aged 13-17 years who had a well-child visit with systolic/diastolic blood pressure measured in a Northern California healthcare system (2013-2019), the outcome of hypertensive blood pressure (≥130/80 mmHg) was examined.

THE FIGHT INHERITED RETINAL BLINDNESS! PROJECT: A New Treatment Outcome and Natural History Registry for Inherited Retinal Disease.

Purpose: To design and build a new disease registry to track the natural history and outcomes of approved gene therapy in patients with inherited retinal diseases.

Methods: A core committee of six members was convened to oversee the construction of the Fight Inherited Retinal Blindness! module. A further 11 experts formed a steering committee, which discussed disease classification and variables to form minimum datasets using a consensus approach.

The Impact of Hormone Therapy on Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Transgender and Nonbinary Individuals.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a global healthcare problem that affects around 3 million people in the United States. Although the impact of gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) on IBD severity has been studied in cisgender patients, there is currently no literature on the impact of exogenous hormone therapy (HT) in transgender and nonbinary (TGNB) individuals.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of TGNB adults diagnosed with IBD and treated with HT for gender dysphoria at Johns Hopkins Hospital (2015-2022).