The Social, Mental, and Physical Health Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on People With HIV: Protocol of an Observational International Multisite Study.

As the COVID-19 pandemic spread across the world, immunocompromised individuals such as people with HIV (PWH) may have faced a disproportionate impact on their health and HIV outcomes, both from COVID-19 and from the strategies enacted to contain it. Based on the SPIRIT guidelines, we describe the protocol for an international multisite observational study being conducted by The International Nursing Network for HIV Research, with the Coordinating Center based at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) School of Nursing. Site Principal Investigators implement a standardized protocol to recruit PWH to complete the study online or in-person.

Exploring the impact of COVID-19 on reported maternal and neonatal complications and access to maternal health care in five government health facilities in Blantyre, Malawi.

Background: There is a dearth of studies assessing the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the healthcare system and access to care, especially in lower- and middle-income countries such as Malawi. We aimed to assess the impacts of COVID-19 on reported maternal and neonatal complications as well as potential changes in maternal care access to care among five primary care health facilities in Blantyre, Malawi.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study assessed maternal and neonatal register data from five participating health centers in Blantyre, Malawi using the Malawi District Health Information Software 2 (DHIS2) to compare outcomes from 15 months before COVID-19 emerged, defined as the pre-Covid period (January 2019 -March 2020) with nine months after COVID-19 (April 2020 -December 2020).

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Resilience, Physical Activity, and Depression in Women Living With HIV in the San Francisco Bay Area: A Cross-sectional Study.

There is a lack of literature on the effects of physical activity and depression on resilience in women living with HIV. This cross-sectional study examined the associations of sociodemographic factors, physical activity, and depression on resilience among 97 women living with HIV using linear regression models. Among these women, the mean resilience score was 70.

Development of an online curriculum for California early care and education providers on healthy beverages.

Background: Children's consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages is associated with obesity, diabetes, and dental decay. California's Healthy Beverages in Child Care Act (AB 2084) requires all licensed child care centers and family child care homes to comply with healthy beverages standards, however many licensed providers in California are unaware of the law and few are fully compliant with the law's requirements. The aim of the current project is to describe the development of a self-paced online training on best practices and implementation of AB 2084 in English and Spanish for family child care home and child care center providers; and to evaluate the feasibility, defined as being accessible, acceptable, and satisfactory to providers, of this new online course.

Comparing substance use and mental health among sexual and gender minority and heterosexual cisgender youth experiencing homelessness.

Youth homelessness has been demonstrated to disproportionately affect sexual and gender minority (SGM) youth compared to heterosexual cisgender peers. In this context, we aimed to compare health risks between service-seeking SGM and heterosexual cisgender youth experiencing homelessness, including harmful risks stemming from substance use and severity of symptoms of mental health disorders. We recruited 100 racially diverse, unstably housed participants aged 18-24 who access services at an urban non-profit organization in San Francisco, CA.

Trauma, substance use, and mental health symptoms in transitional age youth experiencing homelessness.

Objective: This descriptive study examined the prevalence and correlates of trauma, substance use, and mental health symptoms in homeless transitional age youth (TAY) in San Francisco.

Design & Sample: One hundred homeless TAY were recruited from a community-based organization to complete a survey on trauma, mental health symptoms, and substance use.

Measurements: We used these measures: National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)-Modified Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) for frequency and risk level of substance use; the 10-item Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) for prevalence of trauma; the Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms; Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale for depression symptoms; and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item for anxiety symptoms.

How Should Global Tobacco Control Efforts Be Prioritized to Protect Children in Resource-Poor Regions?

The tobacco industry's aggressive marketing of tobacco products and electronic (e-)cigarettes is well documented. Yet existing restrictions on tobacco and e-cigarette marketing are poorly implemented in most low- and middle-income countries. Ongoing challenges include weak implementation and enforcement of some aspects of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control and a lack of consensus among health professionals on how to address the tobacco industry's health claims related to e-cigarettes and other novel tobacco products.

Nursing Case Management Strategies for Adults with Serious Mental Illness Seeking Dental Services.

A university-community partnership initiated a dental screening and nursing case management program for Medicaid-insured adults with serious mental illness (SMI). Forty-three adults with SMI participated in dental screening; 72% participated in case management. Per client, an average of six case management contacts was made.

A Modified Trier Social Stress Test for Vulnerable Mexican American Adolescents.

The Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) is a well validated and widely used social stressor that has been shown to induce a 2-4 fold increase in cortisol, the biological output produced by the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis in humans. While studies have explored how modifications to the TSST influence stress responsivity, few studies have created a modified TSST appropriate for vulnerable youth that elicits a significant cortisol stress response. Thus, the current study sought to modify or adjust the TSST in a culturally sensitive way for a vulnerable sample of 14 year-old adolescents.

Effects of IV Acetaminophen on Core Body Temperature and Hemodynamic Responses in Febrile Critically Ill Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To determine the effects of IV acetaminophen on core body temperature, blood pressure, and heart rate in febrile critically ill patients.

Design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Setting: Three adult ICUs at a large, urban, academic medical center.

The relationship between maternal responsivity, socioeconomic status, and resting autonomic nervous system functioning in Mexican American children.

Adversity, such as living in poor socioeconomic conditions during early childhood, can become embedded in children's physiology and deleteriously affect their health later in life. On the other hand, maternal responsivity may have adaptive effects on physiology during early childhood development. The current study tested both the additive and interactive effects of socioeconomic status (SES) and maternal responsivity measured at 1year of age on resting autonomic nervous system (ANS) function and trajectory during the first 5years of life.

Body temperature and mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Background: Little is known about the relationship between body temperature and outcomes in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). A better understanding of this relationship may provide evidence for fever suppression or warming interventions, which are commonly applied in practice.

Objective: To examine the relationship between body temperature and mortality in patients with ARDS.

Current approaches to integrating elements of cultural competence in nursing education.

Cultural competence in nursing education is receiving renewed emphasis. Curricular input to incorporate such knowledge, attitudes, and skills encompasses a wide variety of teaching and learning methods. Five are described here: specialty focus, required courses, models, immersion experiences, and distance learning or simulation.

Garment workers in California: health outcomes of the Asian Immigrant Women Workers Clinic.

In this cross sectional descriptive study, the demographics, risk factors, and health outcomes of a volunteer, symptomatic sample of monolingual Cantonese garment workers in the Oakland, California Chinatown area are documented. Methods included a questionnaire and clinical examination and treatment at the Asian Immigrant Women Workers Clinic, a free clinic providing culturally focused occupational health consultation and treatment for painful musculoskeletal disorders. Because garment work involves highly repetitious, sustained awkward postures, focused education on stretching and ergonomics also was provided.

A pilot study of the relationship between discomfort and agitation in patients with dementia.

People with dementia often have painful conditions that go unnoticed because of their communication problems. Signs of pain in this population may include agitation and observable behaviors associated with discomfort. Agitation, discomfort, and severity of dementia were evaluated in 33 Veterans Affairs nursing home patients using the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory, the Discomfort Scale, and the Global Deterioration Scale, respectively.