Understanding the Burden of Pediatric Traumatic Injury in Uganda: A Multicenter, Prospective Study.

Introduction: Traumatic injury is responsible for eight million childhood deaths annually. In Uganda, there is a paucity of comprehensive data describing the burden of pediatric trauma, which is essential for resource allocation and surgical workforce planning. This study aimed to ascertain the burden of non-adolescent pediatric trauma across four Ugandan hospitals.

Sustained Within-season Vaccine Effectiveness Against Influenza-associated Hospitalization in Children: Evidence From the New Vaccine Surveillance Network, 2015-2016 Through 2019-2020.

Background: Adult studies have demonstrated within-season declines in influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE); data in children are limited.

Methods: We conducted a prospective, test-negative study of children 6 months through 17 years hospitalized with acute respiratory illness at 7 pediatric medical centers during the 2015-2016 through 2019-2020 influenza seasons. Case-patients were children with an influenza-positive molecular test matched by illness onset to influenza-negative control-patients.

What Factors Correlate With Length of Stay and Readmission After Limb Lengthening Procedures? A Large-database Study.

Background: Indications and techniques for limb lengthening procedures have evolved over the past two decades. Although there are several case series reporting on the complications and efficacy of these techniques, limited data are available on length of stay and hospital readmission rates after these procedures.

Questions/purposes: (1) What is the median length of stay after lower limb lengthening procedures, and is variability in patient demographics, preoperative diagnosis, and surgical technique associated with length of stay? (2) What is the 1-year readmission rate after lower limb lengthening procedures? (3) Is variability in patient demographics, preoperative diagnosis, and surgical technique associated with varying rates of hospital readmission?

Methods: Patients who underwent femoral or tibial lengthening from 2005 to 2015 in seven states were identified using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) State Inpatient Databases.

A Meningococcal Outer Membrane Vesicle Vaccine with Overexpressed Mutant FHbp Elicits Higher Protective Antibody Responses in Infant Rhesus Macaques than a Licensed Serogroup B Vaccine.

MenB-4C (Bexsero; GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals) is a licensed meningococcal vaccine for capsular B strains. The vaccine contains detergent-extracted outer membrane vesicles (dOMV) and three recombinant proteins, of which one is factor H binding protein (FHbp). In previous studies, overexpression of FHbp in native OMV (NOMV) with genetically attenuated endotoxin (LpxL1) and/or by the use of mutant FHbp antigens with low factor H (FH) binding increased serum bactericidal antibody (SBA) responses.

A Phase 3 Randomized Trial of Voxelotor in Sickle Cell Disease.

Background: Deoxygenated sickle hemoglobin (HbS) polymerization drives the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease. Therefore, direct inhibition of HbS polymerization has potential to favorably modify disease outcomes. Voxelotor is an HbS polymerization inhibitor.

A novel nutritional intervention improves lung function in overweight/obese adolescents with poorly controlled asthma: the Supplemental Nutrition in Asthma Control (SNAC) pilot study.

Asthma in the obese is often severe, difficult to treat, and characterized by less eosinophilic inflammation than asthma in the nonobese. Obesity-associated metabolic dysregulation may be a causal factor. We previously reported that a nutrient- and fiber-dense bar [Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute (CHORI)-bar], which was designed to fill gaps in poor diets, improved metabolism in healthy overweight/obese (OW/OB) adults.

Revised WIC Food Package and Children's Diet Quality.

Background And Objectives: In October 2009, the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infant, and Children (WIC) food package was revised to include more fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lower-fat milk. We examined the impact of the WIC food package revisions on the diet quality of children in households using WIC.

Methods: A total of 1197 children aged 2 to 4 years from low-income households were studied from before and after the policy implementation (using the 2003-2008 and 2011-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey).

A B cell-dependent mechanism restrains T cell transendothelial migration.

A new study reveals that B cells restrict the transendothelial migration of T cells in physiological inflammation in response to adiponectin, but that this mechanism is compromised in autoimmunity and is hence a novel avenue for therapy development.