The Recreational Trail of the El Caminito del Rey Natural Tourist Attraction, Spain: Determination of Hikers' Flow.

Hiking is a very popular outdoor activity, and has led to an exponential increase in the number of visitors to natural spaces. The objective of this study was to analyze the circulation pattern of visitors to the Caminito del Rey trail, based on the three zones into which the trail can be divided. The sample consisted of 1582 hikers distributed into three different profiles.

Antioxidant Effect of a Probiotic Product on a Model of Oxidative Stress Induced by High-Intensity and Duration Physical Exercise.

This randomized double-blind and controlled single-center clinical trial was designed to evaluate the effect of a 6-week intake of a probiotic product (1 capsule/day) vs. a placebo on an oxidative stress model of physical exercise (high intensity and duration) in male cyclists (probiotic group, = 22; placebo, = 21). This probiotic included three lyophilized strains ( CECT 7347, CECT 9104, and CECT 8361).

Screen Time and Parents' Education Level Are Associated with Poor Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Spanish Children and Adolescents: The PASOS Study.

The aim of this study is to evaluate if screen time and parents' education levels are associated with adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern. This cross-sectional study analyzed a representative sample of 3333 children and adolescents (8 to 16 years) included in the Physical Activity, Sedentarism, lifestyles and Obesity in Spanish youth (PASOS) study in Spain (which ran from March 2019 to February 2020). Data on screen time (television, computer, video games, and mobile phone) per day, Mediterranean diet adherence, daily moderate or vigorous physical activity, and parents' education levels were gathered using questionnaires.

The Effect of Traditional Opposition Games on University Students' Mood States: The Score and Group Type as Key Aspects.

Playing traditional games has a direct impact on the mood states of the players, and this is the reason why physical education is an ideal setting for teaching how to recognize them and be aware about how they can swing. The objective of the study was to determine if participating in traditional opposition games causes changes to the participants' mood states. A total of 102 students participated.

Can open data increase younger generations' trust in democratic institutions? A study in the European Union.

Scholars and policy makers are giving increasing attention to how young people are involved in politics and their confidence in the current democratic system. In a context of a global trust crisis in the European Union, this paper examines if open government data, a promising governance strategy, may help to boost Millennials' and Generation Z trust in public institutions and satisfaction with public outcomes. First, results from our preliminary analysis challenge some popular beliefs by revealing that younger generations tend to trust in their institutions notably more than the rest of the European citizens.

Joy in Movement: Traditional Sporting Games and Emotional Experience in Elementary Physical Education.

Through games a motivating learning climate is provided, generating mainly positive emotions among the students by the very nature of the game. However, while the early stages are the most important for emotional well-being development, research about scientific knowledge of emotional physical education in children is still scarce. The aims of this study were to analyze the intensity of emotions (positive or negative) produced when players took part in games of different social structure, with or without competition (winner or loser), with or without sport experience and to examine the explanations given by the participants for these emotional experiences.

Effect of an injury prevention program on the lower limb stability in young volleyball players.

Background: Volleyball players have a high risk of injury in the lower limbs as a consequence of the specific characteristics of the sport, such as repetitive jumps and falls. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a multidisciplinary injury prevention program on lower limb stability in young volleyball players.

Methods: The experimental design was a non-randomized controlled trial.

Re-esterified DHA improves ventilatory threshold 2 in competitive amateur cyclists.

Background: Fish oils were studied as ergogenic aids in a number of mixed physical trial designs showing promising results. However, the heterogeneous purity of the studied supplements, combined with the variety of physical tests employed call for more studies to confirm these findings, ideally with standardised supplements. Our aim was to test a supplement highly concentrated in DHA (DHA:EPA ratio equal to approximately 8:1) on a maximal cycling test to elucidate performance improvements mainly due to DHA.

Relationship Between the Practice of Physical Activity and Physical Fitness in Physical Education Students: The Integrated Regulation As a Mediating Variable.

The practice of physical activity (PA) contributes to the prevention of chronic diseases such as obesity, metabolic syndrome or cardiovascular diseases, being also directly related to the individual's physical fitness. Therefore, it is necessary to measure and monitoring the levels of PA in childhood and adolescence, since it may be useful to describe their current health status and the association with physical fitness, as well as to reveal putative consequences in the future. Within the educational field, it has been shown that physical education (PE) classes are a favorable context for the creation of healthy physical-sports habits and self-determined motivation could be a key for explaining the level of PA practice.

Removal and toxicity evaluation of a diverse group of drugs from water by a cyclodextrin polymer/pulsed light system.

The presence of pharmaceutical compounds (PhCs) in the effluents of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is an ecological concern. The issue could be alleviated by trapping those substances by cyclodextrin (CD) polymers or photolyzing them by pulsed light (PL). Consequently, a sequential CD polymer/PL system was tested for the removal of PhCs.

The suffering measurement instruments in palliative care: A systematic review of psychometric properties.

Background: The relief of suffering is considered one of the main goals to reach at the end of life, and nurses play an essential role in the prevention and relief of suffering. Validated instruments for assessing suffering can be useful, and selection of the most appropriate measure is crucial. To date, no systematic review has been performed that contrasts the measurement properties of instruments assessing suffering in the palliative care population, according to the most up-to-date COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement INstruments methodology.

Effect of Supplements on Endurance Exercise in the Older Population: Systematic Review.

Background: Ageing is associated with changes of physical and physiological parameters, but there is evidence that regular physical activity could minimize these effects. Additionally, the older population presents a great risk of suboptimal nutrition. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to review the evidence of nutritional strategies and endurance exercises in the older population.

Eating Disorders in Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women: A Systematic Review.

Pregnancy is a stage associated with various biopsychosocial changes. These changes, along with concerns about keeping an adequate weight, can modulate an individual's risk for psychological disorders, especially eating disorders (EDs). The aim of this review was to investigate the prevalence, associated risks, and consequences of eating disorders in pregnancy and in breastfeeding mothers.

Tridimensional upper airway assessment in male patients with OSA using oral advancement devices modifying their vertical dimension.

Study Objectives: Mandibular advancement devices (MADs) constitute an alternative treatment in selected patients with OSA. A mandibular advanced position has been suggested to be beneficial, whereas its combination with an increased bite-raise may increase its adverse effects. The objective of this study was to assess upper airway (UA) volume and inspiratory pressure gradient variations in a group of 17 patients with OSA.

Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of hydroxytyrosol are dependent on the food matrix in humans.

Purpose: Several studies have demonstrated the properties of hydroxytyrosol, a phenolic compound present in olive oils and olives with a well-characterized impact on human health. Nevertheless, some knowledge gaps remain on its bioavailability and metabolism; overall concerning to the real rate per cent of absorption and biovailability of dietary hydroxytyrosol and the influence of the dietary food-containing hydroxytyrosol on it.

Methods: A double-blind study was performed including 20 volunteers who ingested 5 mg of hydroxytyrosol through diverse food matrices, to discover the influence on pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of HT metabolites (hydroxytyrosol acetate, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), tyrosol, and homovanillic alcohol) of the distinct matrices by UHPLC-ESI-QqQ-MS/MS.

Ultrasound of iliotibial band syndrome.

Iliotibial band syndrome or friction syndrome is an overuse disorder of the lateral knee. It is commonly reported in athletes, such as runners and cyclists, and refers to pain related to physical activity. The diagnosis is based on clinical history and physical assessment.

Bioavailable phytoprostanes and phytofurans from Gracilaria longissima have anti-inflammatory effects in endothelial cells.

Background: An array of bioactive compounds with health-promoting effects has been described in several species of macroalgae. Among them, phytoprostanes (PhytoPs) and phytofurans (PhytoFs), both autoxidation products of α-linolenic acid, have been seen to exert immunomodulatory and antiinflammatory activities in vitro. The purpose of this study was to explore the bioaccesibility, bioavailability, and bioactivity of PhytoPs and PhytoFs obtained from the edible red algae Gracilaria longissima, and to gain insight into the anti-inflammatory activity of their bioavailable fraction in human endothelial cells.

Fin type and flutter technique: a study to optimise the oxygen consumption in divers.

The purpose of this research was to assess the variability of the oxygen consumption (VO) depending on fin type and the flutter technique used for the different divers' profile. Twenty-three SCUBA divers took part in four 2.5 hour sessions to evaluate a total of six fin models and two flutter techniques.

Correction: Marhuenda, J., et al. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial to Determine the Effectiveness a Polyphenolic Extract ( and ) in the Reduction of Body Fat Mass in Healthy Subjects. 2020, (1), 55.

The authors wish to make the following correction to this paper [...

A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial to Determine the Effectiveness a Polyphenolic Extract ( and ) in the Reduction of Body Fat Mass in Healthy Subjects.

The location and quantity of body fat determine the health risks, limiting people with obesity. Recently, polyphenols have attracted the attention of the scientific community because of their potential use for the reduction of obesity. A proprietary formula comprised of a blend of and has been recognized for its high content of polyphenols, powerful antioxidant molecules that may prevent weight gain and could be helpful for the treatment of obesity, as proven previously by in vivo models.

Pomegranate Extract Improves Maximal Performance of Trained Cyclists after an Exhausting Endurance Trial: A Randomised Controlled Trial.

The efficacy of pomegranate () extract (PE) for improving performance and post-exercise recovery in an active population was equivocal in previous studies. In this study, a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, balanced, cross-over trial with two arms was conducted. Eligibility criteria for participants were as follows: male, amateur cyclist, with a training routine of 2 to 4 sessions per week (at least one hour per session).