Executive Summary: Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Resistant Tuberculosis of the Spanish Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR) and the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (SEIMC).

The Spanish Society of Pneumology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR) and the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (SEIMC) have developed together Clinical Practice Guidelines (GPC) on the management of people affected by tuberculosis (TB) resistant to drugs with activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These clinical practice guidelines include the latest updates of the SEPAR regulations for the diagnosis and treatment of drug-resistant TB from 2017 and 2020 as the starting point. The methodology included asking relevant clinical questions based on PICO methodology, a literature search focusing on each question, and a systematic and comprehensive evaluation of the evidence, with a summary of this evidence for each question.

Executive summary: Clinical practice guidelines on the management of resistant tuberculosis of the Spanish Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR) and the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (SEIMC).

The Spanish Society of Pneumology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR) and the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (SEIMC) have developed together Clinical Practice Guidelines (GPC) on the management of people affected by tuberculosis (TB) resistant to drugs with activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These clinical practice guidelines include the latest updates of the SEPAR regulations for the diagnosis and treatment of drug-resistant TB from 2017 to 2020 as the starting point. The methodology included asking relevant clinical questions based on PICO methodology, a literature search focusing on each question, and a systematic and comprehensive evaluation of the evidence, with a summary of this evidence for each question.

Clinical characteristics and impact on patient-reported outcomes and quality of life of people with ambulatory secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: DISCOVER study.

Background: People with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (pwSPMS) experience increasing disability, which impacts negatively on their health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Our aims were to assess the impact of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) on functional status and HRQoL and describe the clinical profile in this population.

Methods: DISCOVER is an observational, cross-sectional, multicenter study with retrospective data collection in real-world clinical practice in Spain.

The impact of experimental diabetes on intracerebral haemorrhage. A preclinical study.

Although diabetes mellitus negatively affects post-ischaemic stroke injury and recovery, its impact on intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the effect of experimental diabetes (ED) on ICH-induced injury and neurological impairment. Sprague-Dawley rats were induced with ED 2 weeks before ICH induction.

Clinical and Microbiological Risk Factors for 30-Day Mortality of Bloodstream Infections Caused by OXA-48-Producing .

Bloodstream infections (BSI) caused by carbapenem-resistant are associated with high morbidity and mortality, and the therapy options available for their treatment are frequently scarce. The aim of this study was to analyze risk factors for 30-day mortality in patients with BSI caused by OXA-48-producing . The clinical and treatment features of the patients, who attended a single hospital over a five-year period, were retrospectively reviewed.

Proxy measures for the assessment of psychotic and affective symptoms in studies using electronic health records.

Background: There is a lack of standardised psychometric data in electronic health record (EHR)-based research. Proxy measures of symptom severity based on patients' clinical records may be useful surrogates in mental health EHR research.

Aims: This study aimed to validate proxy tools for the short versions of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS-6), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS-6) and Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS-6).

Juvenile Recurrent Parotitis: Video-Documented Sialendoscopy.

Juvenile recurrent parotitis (JRP) is characterised by recurrent episodes of painful parotid swelling in children. JRP is the second most common cause of parotitis in childhood, behind only paramyxovirus. The prevention of recurrent attacks represents the most dramatic and serious aspect of this pathology.

Sialendoscopy approach in treating juvenile recurrent parotitis: a systematic review.

Background: Juvenile recurrent parotitis (JRP) is characterized by recurrent episodes of painful parotid swelling in children. The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the diagnostic and therapeutic effectiveness of sialendoscopy in children affected by JRP.

Methods: A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus and the Cochrane Library until April 2022, without language restrictions or specified start date.

Clostridium paraputrificum bacteremia in a 64-year-old woman with colon carcinoma.

Here we report a case of bacteremia caused by Clostridium paraputrificum in a 64-year-old woman with colon carcinoma and gastrointestinal disease. Using the new EUCAST 2022 clinical breakpoints for Clostridium perfringens, the isolate was susceptible to metronidazole and vancomycin, but resistant to benzylpenicillin, meropenem, and clindamycin. Thus, treatment with metronidazole should be considered in all patients with Clostridium bacteremia until antibiotic susceptibility is determined to minimize the risk of treatment failure.

Alpha and gamma EEG coherence during on-task and mind wandering states in schizophrenia.

Objective: Electroencephalographic (EEG) coherence is one of the most relevant physiological measures used to detect abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia. The present study applies a task-related EEG coherence approach to understand cognitive processing in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls.

Methods: EEG coherence for alpha and gamma frequency bands was analyzed in a group of patients with schizophrenia and a group of healthy controls during the performance of an ecological task of sustained attention.

Nursing Education in a Real-Life Context: The Teaching Ward Round.

Education in nursing is continually changing. The didactic methods used in other fields may be useful for closing the gap between theoretical learning and the reality of practical nursing. This study aimed to determine the association between a teaching model centered on the reality of nursing care, which is individualized to each context, and knowledge acquisition.

The Role of Ultrasound as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Tool in Experimental Animal Models of Stroke: A Review.

Ultrasound is a noninvasive technique that provides real-time imaging with excellent resolution, and several studies demonstrated the potential of ultrasound in acute ischemic stroke monitoring. However, only a few studies were performed using animal models, of which many showed ultrasound to be a safe and effective tool also in therapeutic applications. The full potential of ultrasound application in experimental stroke is yet to be explored to further determine the limitations of this technique and to ensure the accuracy of translational research.

Diagnosis and Non-Surgical Management of Urinary Incontinence - A Literature Review with Recommendations for Practice.

Urinary incontinence (UI) is a bothersome symptom with population studies suggesting a prevalence of 13.1% in women and 5.4% in men.

Local Oscillatory Brain Dynamics of Mind Wandering in Schizophrenia.

A number of studies have focused on brain dynamics underlying mind wandering (MW) states in healthy people. However, there is limited understanding of how the oscillatory dynamics accompanying MW states and task-focused states are characterized in clinical populations. In this study, we explored EEG local synchrony of MW associated with schizophrenia, under the premise that changes in attention that arise during MW are associated with a different pattern of brain activity.

Healthcare workers hospitalized due to COVID-19 have no higher risk of death than general population. Data from the Spanish SEMI-COVID-19 Registry.

Aim: To determine whether healthcare workers (HCW) hospitalized in Spain due to COVID-19 have a worse prognosis than non-healthcare workers (NHCW).

Methods: Observational cohort study based on the SEMI-COVID-19 Registry, a nationwide registry that collects sociodemographic, clinical, laboratory, and treatment data on patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in Spain. Patients aged 20-65 years were selected.

Severity Scores in COVID-19 Pneumonia: a Multicenter, Retrospective, Cohort Study.

Background: Identification of patients on admission to hospital with coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia who can develop poor outcomes has not yet been comprehensively assessed.

Objective: To compare severity scores used for community-acquired pneumonia to identify high-risk patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.

Design: PSI, CURB-65, qSOFA, and MuLBSTA, a new score for viral pneumonia, were calculated on admission to hospital to identify high-risk patients for in-hospital mortality, admission to an intensive care unit (ICU), or use of mechanical ventilation.

Supplemented ERA-EDTA Registry data evaluated the frequency of dialysis, kidney transplantation, and comprehensive conservative management for patients with kidney failure in Europe.

The aims of this study were to determine the frequency of dialysis and kidney transplantation and to estimate the regularity of comprehensive conservative management (CCM) for patients with kidney failure in Europe. This study uses data from the ERA-EDTA Registry. Additionally, our study included supplemental data from Armenia, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Kosovo, Luxembourg, Malta, Moldova, Montenegro, Slovenia and additional data from Israel, Italy, Slovakia using other information sources.

Cumulative Occupational Exposures and Lung-Function Decline in Two Large General-Population Cohorts.

Few longitudinal studies have assessed the relationship between occupational exposures and lung-function decline in the general population with a sufficiently long follow-up. To examine the potential association in two large cohorts: the ECRHS (European Community Respiratory Health Survey) and the SAPALDIA (Swiss Cohort Study on Air Pollution and Lung and Heart Diseases in Adults). General-population samples of individuals aged 18 to 62 were randomly selected in 1991-1993 and followed up approximately 10 and 20 years later.

Association of Hypertension with All-Cause Mortality among Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19.

It is unclear to which extent the higher mortality associated with hypertension in the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is due to its increased prevalence among older patients or to specific mechanisms. Cross-sectional, observational, retrospective multicenter study, analyzing 12226 patients who required hospital admission in 150 Spanish centers included in the nationwide SEMI-COVID-19 Network. We compared the clinical characteristics of survivors versus non-survivors.

Identification of brain structures and blood vessels by conventional ultrasound in rats.

Background: Ultrasound is a safe, non-invasive and affordable imaging technique for the visualization of internal structures and the measurement of blood velocity using Doppler imaging. However, despite all these advantages, no study has identified the structures of the rat brain using conventional ultrasound.

Methods: A 13 MHz high frequency transducer was used to identify brain structures in the rat.

Novel Gene Mutations in a Boy with Crigler-Najjar Syndrome Type II.

In this article, we reported a patient with Crigler-Najjar syndrome type II with high-unconjugated bilirubin levels that decreased after phenobarbital treatment. The patient had two novel missense mutations in the gene and a promoter variant in one allele. One mutation was c.

Biological variation of metabolic cardiovascular risk factors in haemodialysis patients and healthy individuals.

Background: Maintenance haemodialysis (HD) is associated with a very high cardiovascular risk and the assessment of metabolic cardiovascular risk factors is essential for an adequate diagnosis and management. The aim of the study has been to estimate the biological variation (BV) of serum lipids, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, 25-OH vitamin D, C-reactive protein and plasma intact parathyroid hormone (PTHi) and total homocysteine, to evaluate whether HD alter the homeostatic set-point of these magnitudes.

Methods: Blood samples were collected from 18 HD patients in steady-state conditions, one per month during 6 months, and from 11 healthy volunteers at weekly intervals over 5 weeks.