The effects of risk factors on EEG and seizure in children with ADHD.

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most commonly seen developmental disorders in childhood. Its etiology, however, is not well known even though bio-psycho-social reasons have been thought to play a big role. The aims of this retrospective study are to identify the risk factors of ADHD in patients diagnosed with ADHD in childhood, analyze the relationship between clinical symptoms and risk factors to which they were exposed and determine their effects on prospective electrophysiological findings.

Challenges in pediatric chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy.

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy, a treatable immune-mediated disease of the peripheral nervous system is less common in childhood compared to adults. Despite different sets of diagnostic criteria, lack of a reliable biologic marker leads to challenges in diagnosis, follow-up and treatment. Our first aim was to review clinical presentation, course, response to treatment, and prognosis in our childhood patients.

Childhood Epilepsy with Occipital Paroxysm: Classification, Atypical Evolution and Long-Term Prognosis in 35 Patients.

We studied childhood epilepsy with occipital paroxysms (CEOP) with regard to typical and/or atypical ictal symptoms, EEG findings, as well as atypical evolution and outcome. This report focuses on the main clinical and EEG features of CEOP underlying its atypical symptoms and its management. Thirty-five patients with CEOP were subdivided into Panayiotopoulos syndrome (n=15), Gastaut syndrome (n=11), and mixed type (n=9).

Interleukin-8 and Its Receptors in Human Milk from Mothers of Full-Term and Premature Infants.

In addition to its nutritional benefits, human milk also has bioactive elements. Limited immunological functions of newborns are supported and altered by the immunological elements of mother milk. Chemokines are of importance among these immune factors.

Increased insulin-like growth factor-1 levels in cerebrospinal fluid of advanced subacute sclerosing panencephalitis patients.

Purpose: Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a progressive, lethal disease. Brain histopathology in certain SSPE patients shows, neurofibrillary tangles composed of abnormally phosphorylated, microtubule-associated protein tau (PHF-tau). Because the, phosphorylation of tau is inhibited by insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), we investigated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) insulin and IGF-1 levels in SSPE patients.

Increased urinary 6-hydroxymelatoninsulfate levels in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnosed children and adolescent.

There are some studies in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) which note altered circadian rhythms, suggesting abnormalities in melatonin physiology. In order to better characterize the possible melatonin alteration in ADHD, in this study we aimed to detect daytime, nighttime and 24 h levels of 6-hydroxymelatoninsulfate (6-OH MS) in the patients diagnosed with ADHD. Twenty-seven patients between 6 and 16 years-old, who had been diagnosed initially with ADHD, but without other physical and psychiatric disease history and who had not taken psychotropic pharmacotherapy for six months, plus 28 healthy volunteer controls, were included in the study.

Evaluation of 968 children with corrosive substance ingestion.

Background And Aims: The aim of the study was to evaluate the etiology, treatment, and prognosis in children who had presented at our clinic with corrosive substance ingestion and comparison of our results with the literature.

Materials And Methods: The patients were put on nil by mouth and broad-spectrum antibiotics were administered. Oral fluids were started for patients whose intraoral lesions resolved and who could swallow their saliva.

Survey of postoperative residual curarization, acute respiratory events and approach of anesthesiologists.

Background And Objectives: residual paralysis following the use of neuromuscular blocking drugs (NMBDs) without neuromuscular monitoring remains a clinical problem, even when NMBDs are used. This study surveys postoperative residual curarization and critical respiratory events in the recovery room, as well as the clinical approach to PORC of anesthesiologists in our institution.

Methods: This observational study included 415 patients who received general anesthesia with intermediate-acting NMBDs.

Efficacy and safety of pamidronate in children with vitamin D intoxication.

Background: Bisphosphonates are used in the treatment of vitamin D intoxication (VDI) after failure of conventional therapy including prednisolone. Safety concerns restrict the use of bisphosphonates from being used as first-line therapy for VDI in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pamidronate in comparison with prednisolone in children with VDI.

Genes that Affect Brain Structure and Function Identified by Rare Variant Analyses of Mendelian Neurologic Disease.

Development of the human nervous system involves complex interactions among fundamental cellular processes and requires a multitude of genes, many of which remain to be associated with human disease. We applied whole exome sequencing to 128 mostly consanguineous families with neurogenetic disorders that often included brain malformations. Rare variant analyses for both single nucleotide variant (SNV) and copy number variant (CNV) alleles allowed for identification of 45 novel variants in 43 known disease genes, 41 candidate genes, and CNVs in 10 families, with an overall potential molecular cause identified in >85% of families studied.

Acute forearm compartment syndrome in a newborn caused by reperfusion after spontaneous axillary artery thrombosis.

Acute compartment syndrome of the forearm in newborns is often misdiagnosed and can be disastrous if left untreated. Here, we report a full-term infant of a diabetic mother with underlying heterozygosity for MTHFR C677T and A1298C alleles. A spontaneous thrombosis occurred in the left axillary artery immediately after birth.

Utilizing the "Stable-to-be Vertebra" Saves Motion Segments in Growing Rods Treatment for Early-Onset Scoliosis.

Background: There is no consensus on the selection of distal instrumentation levels in growing rod surgery. Many surgeons utilize the stable zone of Harrington, but there is not overwhelming evidence to support this preference. The aim of this study was to determine the value of bending/traction radiographs in selection of distal instrumentation levels of a growing rod construct in children with idiopathic or idiopathic-like early-onset scoliosis (EOS).

Skinfold thickness of preterm newborns when they become late preterm infants.

Background: Nutrition of very low-birth-weight newborns is important for a good physical and neurologic outcome. Body composition assessment, together with anthropometric measurements, is considered necessary to monitor adequate nutrition and growth. Objectives of this study were to assess body fat changes in newborns ≤32 weeks gestation by weekly skinfold thickness (SFT) measurements and to compare them with those of late preterm infants born at 34, 35, and 36 weeks once they reached 34, 35, and 36 weeks corrected age (CA).

Assessment of left ventricular functions with tissue Doppler, strain, and strain rate echocardiography in patients with familial Mediterranean fever.

Objective: This study assessed the early changes in regional and global systolic and diastolic myocardial functions in patients with familial Mediterranean fever without any cardiovascular symptoms using tissue Doppler and strain and strain rate echocardiography and compared them to the results of a control group.

Methods: This study has a cross-sectional and observational design. FMF patients with normal left ventricular function were included in the study.

CT-angiography protocol with low dose radiation and low volume contrast medium for non-cardiac chest pain.

Aim: To evaluate the diagnostic quality of a new multiple detector-row computed tomography angiography (MDCT-A) protocol using low dose radiation and low volume contrast medium techniques for evaluation of non-cardiac chest pain.

Methods: Forty-five consecutive patients with clinically suspected noncardiac chest pain and requiring contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography (CT) were examined. The patients were assigned to the protocol, with 80 kilovolt (peak) (kV[p]) and 150 effective milliampere-second (eff mA-s).

Novel sonographic clues for diagnosis of antral gastritis and Helicobacter pylori infection: a clinical study.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to find out whether transabdominal sonography may have a predictive role for detection of antral gastritis and Helicobacter pylori infection in the antrum.

Methods: A total of 108 patients and 54 control participants were allocated into 3 groups: group 1, controls without any symptoms or findings of antral gastritis and H pylori infection; group 2, patients with symptoms and endoscopic findings consistent with gastritis in the absence of documented H pylori infection; and group 3, patients with symptoms and endoscopic findings consistent with gastritis and documented H pylori infection. These groups were compared in terms of demographics, antral wall thickness, mucosal layer (together with muscularis mucosa) thickness, and mucosal layer-to-antral wall thickness ratio.

Neuronal loss is an early component of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.

Objective: We performed diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies in a group of patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) in order to estimate the pathologic process underlying the phenotypic variability.

Methods: Patients with SSPE who had MRI including DTI and MRS examinations were evaluated according to their clinical status as determined by the SSPE Scoring System and their mental age as determined by tests appropriate for age and developmental level. Comparisons of fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and metabolite ratios of frontal periventricular white matter, parieto-occipital periventricular white matter, and globus pallidus in both hemispheres were made between control and SSPE groups, and between SSPE subgroups.

A modified technique for real time ultrasound guided pediatric percutaneous renal biopsy: the angled tangential approach.

Aim: Pediatric renal biopsy may result in serious hemorrhagic complications, requiring additional diagnostic procedures, blood transfusion, vascular interventions, and prolongation of hospitalization. The aim of the present study was to propose the angled tangential approach technique for real-time ultrasound-guided pediatric percutaneous renal biopsy.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 166 percutaneous biopsies from June 2004 to May 2009 was performed.

Serial derotational casting in congenital scoliosis as a time-buying strategy.

Background: Serial casting is an effective treatment modality in early-onset idiopathic scoliosis; however, the role of this method in congenital scoliosis is not well studied.

Methods: A total of 11 patients with progressive congenital scoliosis were treated with serial cast application. Age at initial cast application, magnitudes of the congenital, compensatory and sagittal deformities, coronal balance, T1 to T12 height, number of casts and time-in cast per patient, subsequent surgical interventions, and complications were evaluated.

Congenital keratoglobus with multiple cardiac anomalies: a case presentation and literature review.

Keratoglobus is a rare condition of bilateral corneal ectasia, which results in high myopia, irregular astigmatism, scarring, and rarely spontaneous globe rupture. Globoid protrusion of a clear, diffusely thin cornea is the pathology. The congenital form has been associated with blue sclera in which there is a systemic connective tissue disorder with abnormal collagen synthesis like Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Marfan syndrome, and osteogenesis imperfecta.

Three-item Direct Observation Screen (TIDOS) for autism spectrum disorder.

We compared ratings on the Three-Item Direct Observation Screen test for autism spectrum disorders completed by pediatric residents with the Social Communication Questionnaire parent reports as an augmentative tool for improving autism spectrum disorder screening performance. We examined three groups of children (18-60 months) comparable in age (18-24 month, 24-36 month, 36-60 preschool subgroups) and gender distribution: n = 86 with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.

An evaluation of heart rate variability and its modifying factors in children with type 1 diabetes.

Objective: To evaluate heart rate variability by Holter monitoring in type 1 diabetic children compared with a healthy control group and determine the factors modifying heart rate variability.

Methods: This was designed as a prospective study comparing 28 patients, diagnosed with type 1 diabetes and under follow-up, with 27 healthy control group subjects.

Results: The patients were aged 9.

Treatment of adolescent pilonidal disease with a new modification to the Limberg flap: symmetrically rotated rhomboid excision and lateralization of the Limberg flap technique.

Background/purpose: Pilonidal disease is a common and frustrating problem among adolescents due to its high recurrence rate. The rhomboid excision and Limberg flap techniques promise successful results, but the lower part of the incision left on the intergluteal sulcus is prone to recurrences. Consequently, we have developed a new modification to this technique and have designed a descriptive prospective study to evaluate its efficiency.

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy After a Single Dose of Dexamethasone in a Preterm Infant.

Dexamethasone is widely used in preterm infants with severe pulmonary disease. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a transient side effect observed after multiple doses of dexamethasone. We report a preterm infant with myocardial hypertrophy after a single dose of dexamethasone (0.