Effects of 3-day fasting on secretory IgA concentration in the saliva and lymphotoxin alpha expression in healthy volunteers: a proof of concept study.

Background: animal studies have shown that enteral stimuli play an important role in modulating gut-associated lymphoid tissue.

Objective: the main objectives of this study were 1) to evaluate the effect of 3-day fasting on secretory immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) in parotid saliva and 2) to determine the levels of lymphotoxin (LT) transcription in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) from healthy volunteers as a proxy for studying GALT health.

Methods: these adult volunteers had fasted for three days as part of a cultural ritual.

Interorganisational emergency management coordination challenges in a resource-scarce environment: a case study of El Salvador post COVID-19.

The COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic pinpointed the vulnerability of nations to disasters regardless of their relative level of development. The coordination of their emergency management response organisations was seen as extremely important in not only dealing with the global health emergency, but also with respect to natural hazards and public health threats in the future. Coming to these conclusions and working to enhance a country's coordination of emergency management actors are, however, two very different things.

Emotional and Cognitive Processes Underlying Persuasion, Moderating Factors, and Physiological Reactions: A Systematic Review.

Persuasion is a type of social influence aiming to produce changes in others' attitudes or behaviors. This study explores the relationship between emotions and persuasion, principal moderating factors, and physiological reactions during persuasive attempts. Following PRISMA guidelines, 28 empirical articles were analyzed, addressing emotions, affective/cognitive orientations, framing effects, and psychophysiological reactions.

[Good practices in epidemiological surveillance for the sustainability of measles, rubella, and congenital rubella syndrome elimination in El Salvador, 2019-2023Boas práticas de vigilância epidemiológica para a sustentabilidade da eliminação do sarampo, da rubéola e da síndrome da rubéola congênita em El Salvador, 2019-2023].

Objective: Describe good practices in epidemiological surveillance implemented in El Salvador between 2019 and 2023 to sustain the elimination of measles, rubella, and congenital rubella syndrome.

Methods: Special descriptive report on the implementation of good epidemiological and laboratory surveillance practices for measles, rubella, and congenital rubella syndrome from 2019 to 2023.

Results: During the period 2019 to 2023, El Salvador reported no confirmed cases of measles, rubella, or congenital rubella syndrome.

The Potential of Automated Assessment of Cognitive Function Using Non-Neuroimaging Data: A Systematic Review.

The growing incidence of cognitive impairment among older adults has a significant impact on individuals, family members, caregivers, and society. Current conventional cognitive assessment tools are faced with some limitations. Recent evidence suggests that automating cognitive assessment holds promise, potentially resulting in earlier diagnosis, timely intervention, improved patient outcomes, and higher chances of response to treatment.

Impact of Plant-Based School Meals on Gut spp. Abundance and Health Outcomes in Schoolchildren from Bahia, Brazil.

Plant-based diets have been linked to various health benefits, including an improved gut microbiota composition, potentially influencing non-communicable diseases. This study investigates the impact of a school meal intervention on the gut microbiota, specifically the abundance of spp. (BIF), in Brazilian schoolchildren.

Antiprotozoal Activity Against and of Cyclopeptides Isolated from Saff.

Diseases caused by intestinal parasites such as protozoa represent a worldwide problem mainly for developing countries. From morbidity in different groups of people to cases of mortality in children and/or immunocompromised patients. In addition to the above, there is growing resistance to the drugs used in the treatment of these diseases, as well as undesirable side effects in patients.

Agathisflavone Modulates Reactive Gliosis After Trauma and Increases the Neuroblast Population at the Subventricular Zone.

Background: Reactive astrogliosis and microgliosis are coordinated responses to CNS insults and are pathological hallmarks of traumatic brain injury (TBI). In these conditions, persistent reactive gliosis can impede tissue repopulation and limit neurogenesis. Thus, modulating this phenomenon has been increasingly recognized as potential therapeutic approach.

Detecting Sensitive Spectral Bands and Vegetation Indices for Potato Yield Using Handheld Spectroradiometer Data.

Remote sensing is a valuable tool in precision agriculture due to its spatial and temporal coverage, non-destructive method of data collection, and cost-effectiveness. In this study, we measured the canopy reflectance of potato ( L.) crops on a plant-by-plant basis with a handheld spectrometer instrument.

Quantitative Assessment of Volatile Profile and Sensory Perception of Artisan Bread Made in the City of Valencia.

Artisan bread, known for its simple recipes, natural ingredients, and traditional techniques, has seen a surge in demand, especially following the COVID-19 pandemic. Small bakeries emphasize extended fermentation processes and prioritize sensory qualities in their products. However, the impact of ingredients on the quality characteristics of artisan bread remains underexplored.

Antibiotic Residues in Raw Cow's Milk: A Systematic Review of the Last Decade.

The inappropriate use of antimicrobials in dairy animals can lead to residues in raw milk and in dairy products. Foods containing residues of this nature, whether in the short, medium, or long term, cause serious health harm. Absence of these compounds in foods should be a premise for declaring safety.

Analysis of the Sensitivity and Specificity of Histopathological Findings for Diagnosing Lupus Nephritis.

Background: Since the introduction of the SLICC criteria in 2012, biopsy-proven lupus nephritis (LN) has been the only independent diagnostic criterion for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This was reaffirmed by the EULAR/ACR in 2019, emphasizing the importance of renal biopsy in LN. However, the current classification lacks specific histopathological criteria for defining LN.

Versican Proteolysis by ADAMTS: Understanding Versikine Expression in Canine Spontaneous Mammary Carcinomas.

The present study investigates VKINE, a bioactive proteolytic fragment of the proteoglycan VCAN, as a novel and significant element in the tumor extracellular matrix (ECM). Although VKINE has been recognized for its immunomodulatory potential in certain tumor types, its impact on ECM degradation and prognostic implications remains poorly understood. : This study aimed to evaluate VCAN proteolysis and its association with ADAMTS enzymes involved in extracellular matrix remodeling in spontaneous canine mammary gland cancer.

Cardiac Myosin Inhibitors for Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trials.

Background: Cardiac myosin inhibitors (CMI) have emerged as the first disease-specific, noninvasive therapy with promising results in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. However, its role in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (oHCM) remains uncertain, especially in secondary endpoints of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Clinicaltrials.

Perceptions related to the layout of Visual Abstracts among physicians and medical students.

Introduction: Visual Abstract is a visual summary of the most relevant information from a scientific article, presented as an infographic. Despite the growing use of Visual Abstracts by journals around the world, studies evaluating their components to guide their development remain scarce.

Objective: The primary objective of this study is to identify the aesthetic perceptions of Visual Abstracts components by physicians and medical students.

Disrupted uromodulin trafficking is rescued by targeting TMED cargo receptors.

The trafficking dynamics of uromodulin (UMOD), the most abundant protein in human urine, play a critical role in the pathogenesis of kidney disease. Monoallelic mutations in the UMOD gene cause autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease (ADTKD-UMOD), an incurable genetic disorder that leads to kidney failure. The disease is caused by the intracellular entrapment of mutant UMOD in kidney epithelial cells, but the precise mechanisms mediating disrupted UMOD trafficking remain elusive.

A common form of dominant human IFNAR1 deficiency impairs IFN-α and -ω but not IFN-β-dependent immunity.

Autosomal recessive deficiency of the IFNAR1 or IFNAR2 chain of the human type I IFN receptor abolishes cellular responses to IFN-α, -β, and -ω, underlies severe viral diseases, and is globally very rare, except for IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 deficiency in Western Polynesia and the Arctic, respectively. We report 11 human IFNAR1 alleles, the products of which impair but do not abolish responses to IFN-α and -ω without affecting responses to IFN-β. Ten of these alleles are rare in all populations studied, but the remaining allele (P335del) is common in Southern China (minor allele frequency ≈2%).

Therapeutic effect of GP543 strain of Bacillus thuringiensis against Amblyomma cajennense ticks in vitro and in naturally infested cattle.

The current study was focused on evaluating the in vitro effect of the spore-crystal complex of GP543 Bacillus thuringiensis strain on the viability of Amblyomma cajennense, and the in vivo reduction of the parasite load of this ectoparasite on naturally infested cattle. In vitro, 30 adult ticks were treated with 1.2 mg/ml of B.

A spatial threshold for astrocyte calcium surge.

Astrocytes are active cells involved in brain function through the bidirectional communication with neurons, in which astrocyte calcium plays a crucial role. Synaptically evoked calcium increases can be localized to independent subcellular domains or expand to the entire cell, i.e.

Association between Food Insecurity, Socioeconomic Status of the Household Head, and Hypertension and Diabetes in Maputo City.

Metabolic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes are increasingly recognized as not just medical issues, but as complex conditions influenced by various factors. This study aimed to explore the association between food insecurity (FI) and hypertension and diabetes and how socioeconomic status influences this relationship. Based on a cross‑sectional study of 1,820 participants conducted in Maputo City, FI was measured using a modified version of the US Department of Agriculture scale; metabolic diseases were assessed using self‑reports of the actual diagnoses, and data were analyzed through multinomial regression and interaction terms.

Transforming the Health Research Workforce in Mozambique: Achievements of the Mozambique Institute for Health Education and Research (MIHER) over a 13‑Year Journey.

African research capacity is challenged by insufficient infrastructure to solicit and manage grants from local and international funding agencies. The manuscript provides an overview and discusses lessons learned about the pioneering role of the Mozambique Institute for Health Education and Research (MIHER) as the first research support center (RSC) in supporting the management of research grants in Mozambique, emphasizing its impact on research capacity development. Using mixed methods, data were comprehensively collected to identify MIHER's primary achievements from 2010 to 2023.

Clinical-Epidemiological Profile of Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Treated at the Pneumology Outpatient Clinic of a Brazilian University Hospital.

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a significant illness that affects many Brazilians. It is a complex and extremely prevalent disease, and thus, understanding the clinical-epidemiological profile of the patients afflicted with this disease is of utmost importance for the adequate management of these patients by multidisciplinary teams. Objective The aim of the study was to describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of COPD patients in a specialized outpatient clinic.

An experimental and numerical model of the behavior of cytosine in aqueous solution under gamma radiation. Relevance in prebiotic chemistry.

Cytosine is an essential chemical molecule in living systems, such as DNA and RNA, it is essential in astrobiology to study how it behaves under probable primitive conditions. We looked at how cytosine broke down in aqueous solutions exposed to high radiation levels to learn more about how stable it might have been on the early Earth. We conducted various types of analysis, such as ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and high-pressure liquid chromatography.

LPDE biodegradation promoted by a novel additive based on silica nanoparticles: Structural, microbial and ecotoxicological characterization.

This study developed a biodegrading additive based on nanosilica and modified by cellulase enzyme in the presence of citric acid and sodium citrate. The additive was tested as a facilitator for biodegradation of the commercial low-density polyethylene (LDPE) in soil. Enzyme immobilization was confirmed by enzymatic assays.