DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF MICROSCOPIC COLITIS: POSITION PAPER ON BEHALF OF THE BRAZILIAN FEDERATION OF GASTROENTEROLOGY.

Background: Microscopic colitis (MC) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the colon, primarily characterized by watery diarrhea, with normal or near-normal endoscopic findings. It encompasses two main subtypes: lymphocytic colitis and collagenous colitis.

Objective: This position paper from the Brazilian Federation of Gastroenterology aims to review current evidence on the diagnosis and management of MC in Brazil, emphasizing the need for standardization across the country's healthcare systems.

ASSOCIATION OF "METABOLIC DYSFUNCTION-ASSOCIATED STEATOTIC PANCREAS DISEASE" (MASPD) AND INSULIN RESISTANCE.

Background: To investigate the association between metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic pancreas disease (MASPD) and insulin resistance (IR).

Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 157 participants diagnosed with MASPD based on ultrasonography criteria. Baseline demographic data were collected, including age, gender, and body mass index.

Use of text messages to promote medication adherence and reduce blood pressure in patients with hypertension: the ESSENCE study.

The ESSENCE study evaluated the effect of sending text messages with and without reminders of the time of medication use on adherence to medication treatment and the reduction of blood pressure in patients with hypertension. This was a randomized, crossover, double-blind, active-controlled clinical trial, which included patients aged 30-69 years, followed up at a community pharmacy. Messages were automatically sent using a software and were received on the participants' smartphones.

Early warning system using primary health care data in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era: Brazil nationwide case-study.

Syndromic surveillance using primary health care (PHC) data is a valuable tool for early outbreak detection, as demonstrated by the potential to identify COVID-19 outbreaks. However, the potential of such an early warning system in the post-COVID-19 era remains largely unexplored. We analyzed PHC encounter counter of respiratory complaints registered in the database of the Brazilian Unified National Health System from October 2022 to July 2023.

Nutritional Profiling of Wild Edible Plants: Quantification of Macronutrients and Minerals via Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) Fluorescence Spectroscopy.

The wild edible plants offer a valuable resource for food and human nutrition. The current study aimed to analyze the proximate composition and ethno-medicinal profiles of twenty selected wild edible plants from the Malakand District, Pakistan. The proximate composition (moisture, ash, crude protein, crude fat, and dietary fiber) was analyzed following Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (AOAC) protocols.

Mental health in the Tupinambá community of Serra do Padeiro, southern Bahia, Brazil: community and struggle as sources of health.

This work presents concepts and practices linked to mental health in the Tupinambá Indigenous community of Serra do Padeiro in southern Bahia, Brazil. This qualitative cartographic research mapped existing processes and relationships in the Tupinambá territory. Data production techniques were participant observation, semi-structured interviews, field diary, and bibliographic studies.

Anaphylaxis management: knowledge of Brazilian pediatricians.

Objective: To verify the level of knowledge of Brazilian pediatricians about anaphylaxis, identifying sociodemographic and educational characteristics of the professional which contribute to the adequate management of this clinical disorder.

Methods: A survey was carried out on the management of anaphylaxis using a questionnaire prepared and distributed by email to pediatricians in different states in Brazil. The level of knowledge about anaphylaxis was classified as: satisfactory; unsatisfactory; more than satisfactory; ideal, according to evaluation criteria adopted for the statements of clinical cases that addressed the drug of choice, route of administration, positioning of the patient with anaphylaxis and recognition of the clinical case with differential diagnosis.

Perceived mistreatment in patients with rheumatic diseases: The impact of the underlying diagnosis.

Background: Mistreatment is a complex problem that impacts people's quality of life, morbidity, and mortality. In aged people, it has been associated with female sex, poor general health, depression, functional and cognitive decline, and increased dependence levels, all of which are well-recognized characteristics of patients with rheumatic diseases (RMDs). The objective was to describe the mistreatment phenomenon in Mexican patients with RMDs.

Pharmacological inhibition of key metabolic pathways attenuates Leishmania spp infection in macrophages.

Macrophages represent a fundamental component of the innate immune system that play a critical role in detecting and responding to pathogens as well as danger signals. Leishmania spp. infections lead to a notable alteration in macrophage metabolism, whereby infected cells display heightened energy metabolism that is linked to the integrity of host mitochondria.

Latine Patients' Beliefs, Attitudes, and Experience With Psoriasis.

Importance: In the US, Latine patients disproportionately experience severe psoriasis, limited access to care, and poor disease-related quality of life. However, little is known about psoriasis in this growing US population.

Objectives: To explore Latine patients' perception of their illness and their attitudes toward and experiences with the health care system, treatment, and research.

Tuberculosis healthcare service disruptions during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, India and South Africa: A model-based analysis of country-level data.

Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading infectious disease cause of death worldwide. In recent years, stringent measures to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2 have led to considerable disruptions of healthcare services for TB in many countries. The extent to which these measures have affected TB testing, treatment initiation and outcomes has not been comprehensively assessed.

Bayesian polygenic risk estimation approach to nuclear families with discordant sib-pairs for myelomeningocele.

Myelomeningocele (MMC) is the most severe and disabling form of spina bifida with chronic health multisystem complications and social and economic family and health systems burden. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the genetic risk estimate for MMC in a cohort of 203 Mexican nuclear families with discordant siblings for the defect. Utilizing a custom Illumina array, we analyzed 656 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of 395 candidate genes to identify a polygenic risk profile for MMC.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on HIV testing in Peru: an interrupted time series analysis from 2014 to 2022.

Objectives: Our objective was to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on the proportion of past-year HIV testing in Peru.

Methods: Utilizing data from the National Demographic and Health Survey of Peru from 2014 to 2022, we conducted an interrupted time series analysis. The proportion of past-year HIV testing per quarter of each year was considered our unit of analysis.

Recommended antibiotic treatment agreement between infectious diseases specialists and ChatGPT.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a global threat to public health. Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT) is a language model tool based on artificial intelligence. ChatGPT could analyze data from antimicrobial susceptibility tests in real time, especially in places where infectious diseases (ID) specialists are not available.

Tracing the Dispersal Pathway of HIV-1 Subtype C to Bahia: Phylogenetic Connections to Southern Brazil.

The HIV-1 epidemic in Brazil is predominantly characterized by subtype B, except in the southern states, where subtype C (HIV-1C) is more prevalent. Continuous monitoring of this profile is essential to maintain an accurate understanding of the molecular landscape of the HIV epidemic in Brazil. In this study, we isolated and sequenced seven new HIV-1C strains from the state of Bahia, located in the Northeast region of Brazil.

Cardiac Biomarkers in a Brazilian Indigenous Population Exposed to Arboviruses: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Arthropod-borne viral diseases are acute febrile illnesses, sometimes with chronic effects, that can be debilitating and even fatal worldwide, affecting particularly vulnerable populations. Indigenous communities face not only the burden of these acute febrile illnesses, but also the cardiovascular complications that are worsened by urbanization. A cross-sectional study was conducted in an Indigenous population in the Northeast Region of Brazil to explore the association between arboviral infections (dengue, chikungunya, and Zika) and cardiac biomarkers, including cardiotrophin 1, growth differentiation factor 15, lactate dehydrogenase B, fatty-acid-binding protein 3, myoglobin, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, cardiac troponin I, big endothelin 1, and creatine kinase-MB, along with clinical and anthropometric factors.

Evaluation of QuantiFERON-TB Gold for the Diagnosis of Infection in HTLV-1-Infected Patients.

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is associated with an increased risk of tuberculosis (TB). This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the QuantiFERON-TB Gold (QFT) test for the diagnosis of (MTB) infection in HTLV-1-infected individuals. HTLV-1-infected participants were divided into four groups: HTLV-1-infected individuals with a history of tuberculosis (HTLV/TB), individuals with positive HTLV and tuberculin skin tests (HTLV/TST+) or negative TST (HTLV/TST-), and HTLV-1-negative individuals with positive TST results (HN/TST+).

Challenges and Opportunities for Adult Vaccine Coverage: Insights for Healthcare Professionals Focusing on Herpes Zoster in Mexico.

Herpes zoster (HZ) is a common disease in older adults and immunocompromised patients, and is frequently associated with long-term complications that impact quality of life. Fortunately, more than one vaccine against HZ is now available in Mexico. Two expert consensus groups discussed adult vaccination strategies in Mexico, focusing on HZ in older adults and immunocompromised individuals; their insights are reported here.

Integrated Modeling and Target Classification Based on mmWave SAR and CNN Approach.

This study presents a numerical modeling approach that utilizes millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave (FMCW) radar to reconstruct and classify five weapon types: grenades, knives, guns, iron rods, and wrenches. A dataset of 1000 images of these weapons was collected from various online sources and subsequently used to generate 3605 samples in the MATLAB (R2022b) environment for creating reflectivity-added images. Background reflectivity was considered to range from 0 to 0.

The Effects of Novel Co-Amorphous Naringenin and Fisetin Compounds on a Diet-Induced Obesity Murine Model.

Background/objective: In recent studies, it has been shown that dietary bioactive compounds can produce health benefits; however, it is not known whether an improvement in solubility can enhance their biological effects. Thus, the aim of this work was to study whether co-amorphous (CoA) naringenin or fisetin with enhanced solubility modify glucose and lipid metabolism, thermogenic capacity and gut microbiota in mice fed a high-fat, high-sucrose (HFSD) diet.

Methods: Mice were fed with an HFSD with or without CoA-naringenin or CoA-fisetin for 3 months.

Endophytic Fungi Co-Culture: An Alternative Source of Antimicrobial Substances.

Antimicrobial resistance is becoming a critical issue due to the widespread and indiscriminate use of antibiotics and antifungals to treat common infections, leading to a growing shortage of effective drugs. Moreover, the increase in antimicrobial resistance is enhancing the pathogenicity and virulence of various pathogens. Microorganisms are key sources of chemically diverse specialized metabolites, which are produced in the final stages of their growth cycle.

Phytochemical Study and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Along with Antitumor Activity of the Isolated -Tiliroside and Luteolin 4'--β-Xyloside.

Twelve compounds (-), kaempferol (), luteolin (), luteolin 4'--xyloside (), luteolin 4'--β-glucoside (), quercetin 4'--β-xyloside (), kaempferol-3--[6″--(E)-p-coumaroyl]-β-D-glucoside (-tiliroside) (), protocatechuic acid (), gallic acid (), methyl gallate (), ethyl gallate (), shikimic acid-3--gallate (), and 3,3',4'-tri--methyl-ellagic acid 4-sulfate (), were isolated and identified from the aerial parts of (Cav.) Pers (synonym: C. Presl.

Is Silver a Precious Metal for G-Quadruplex Stabilization Mediated by Porphyrins?

Cancer is a leading cause of death, so continuous efforts into cancer therapy are imperative. In tumor cells, telomerase and oncogene activity are key points for uncontrolled cell growth. Targeting these processes with ligands that inhibit telomerase and/or reduce oncogene expression has been identified as a promising cancer therapy.

Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Urea-Containing Carnosic Acid Derivatives with Anticancer Activity.

A series of novel carnosic acid derivatives incorporating urea moieties at the C-20 position was synthesized and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against the HCT116 colorectal cancer cell line. Most derivatives demonstrated enhanced antiproliferative activity compared to that of carnosic acid . The most promising derivatives were tested in other colorectal cancer cell lines (SW480, SW620, and Caco-2), melanoma (A375), and pancreatic cancer (MiaPaca-2).