Challenges and Opportunities for Adult Vaccine Coverage: Insights for Healthcare Professionals Focusing on Herpes Zoster in Mexico.

Herpes zoster (HZ) is a common disease in older adults and immunocompromised patients, and is frequently associated with long-term complications that impact quality of life. Fortunately, more than one vaccine against HZ is now available in Mexico. Two expert consensus groups discussed adult vaccination strategies in Mexico, focusing on HZ in older adults and immunocompromised individuals; their insights are reported here.

Integrated Modeling and Target Classification Based on mmWave SAR and CNN Approach.

This study presents a numerical modeling approach that utilizes millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave (FMCW) radar to reconstruct and classify five weapon types: grenades, knives, guns, iron rods, and wrenches. A dataset of 1000 images of these weapons was collected from various online sources and subsequently used to generate 3605 samples in the MATLAB (R2022b) environment for creating reflectivity-added images. Background reflectivity was considered to range from 0 to 0.

The Effects of Novel Co-Amorphous Naringenin and Fisetin Compounds on a Diet-Induced Obesity Murine Model.

Background/objective: In recent studies, it has been shown that dietary bioactive compounds can produce health benefits; however, it is not known whether an improvement in solubility can enhance their biological effects. Thus, the aim of this work was to study whether co-amorphous (CoA) naringenin or fisetin with enhanced solubility modify glucose and lipid metabolism, thermogenic capacity and gut microbiota in mice fed a high-fat, high-sucrose (HFSD) diet.

Methods: Mice were fed with an HFSD with or without CoA-naringenin or CoA-fisetin for 3 months.

Endophytic Fungi Co-Culture: An Alternative Source of Antimicrobial Substances.

Antimicrobial resistance is becoming a critical issue due to the widespread and indiscriminate use of antibiotics and antifungals to treat common infections, leading to a growing shortage of effective drugs. Moreover, the increase in antimicrobial resistance is enhancing the pathogenicity and virulence of various pathogens. Microorganisms are key sources of chemically diverse specialized metabolites, which are produced in the final stages of their growth cycle.

Phytochemical Study and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Along with Antitumor Activity of the Isolated -Tiliroside and Luteolin 4'--β-Xyloside.

Twelve compounds (-), kaempferol (), luteolin (), luteolin 4'--xyloside (), luteolin 4'--β-glucoside (), quercetin 4'--β-xyloside (), kaempferol-3--[6″--(E)-p-coumaroyl]-β-D-glucoside (-tiliroside) (), protocatechuic acid (), gallic acid (), methyl gallate (), ethyl gallate (), shikimic acid-3--gallate (), and 3,3',4'-tri--methyl-ellagic acid 4-sulfate (), were isolated and identified from the aerial parts of (Cav.) Pers (synonym: C. Presl.

Is Silver a Precious Metal for G-Quadruplex Stabilization Mediated by Porphyrins?

Cancer is a leading cause of death, so continuous efforts into cancer therapy are imperative. In tumor cells, telomerase and oncogene activity are key points for uncontrolled cell growth. Targeting these processes with ligands that inhibit telomerase and/or reduce oncogene expression has been identified as a promising cancer therapy.

Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Urea-Containing Carnosic Acid Derivatives with Anticancer Activity.

A series of novel carnosic acid derivatives incorporating urea moieties at the C-20 position was synthesized and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against the HCT116 colorectal cancer cell line. Most derivatives demonstrated enhanced antiproliferative activity compared to that of carnosic acid . The most promising derivatives were tested in other colorectal cancer cell lines (SW480, SW620, and Caco-2), melanoma (A375), and pancreatic cancer (MiaPaca-2).

Exploring Beliefs, Concerns, Prenatal Care Advice, and Sources of Information About Gestational Weight Gain Among Immigrant Central American Pregnant Women in the United States.

Gestational weight gain (GWG) is critical for maternal and neonatal health, but excessive GWG can lead to complications such as gestational diabetes, hypertension, and increased obesity risk later in life. Minoritized and immigrant women often face higher risks of excessive GWG. This cross-sectional study assessed Central American women's beliefs and concerns about GWG, the receipt of advice from healthcare providers, and sources of information for healthy weight management during pregnancy.

Probiotic Microorganisms in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Live Biotherapeutics as Food.

(1) Background: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are characterized by chronic and complex inflammatory processes of the digestive tract that evolve with frequent relapses and manifest at any age; they predominantly affect young individuals. Diet plays a direct role in maintaining the gut mucosal integrity and immune function. Regarding the diet, the administration of probiotics stands out.

Air Quality Prediction Based on Singular Spectrum Analysis and Artificial Neural Networks.

Singular spectrum analysis is a powerful nonparametric technique used to decompose the original time series into a set of components that can be interpreted as trend, seasonal, and noise. For their part, neural networks are a family of information-processing techniques capable of approximating highly nonlinear functions. This study proposes to improve the precision in the prediction of air quality.

Preferential Genetic Pathways Lead to Relapses in Adult B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Adult B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is characterized by genetic heterogeneity and a high relapse rate, affecting over 40% of adults. However, the mechanisms leading to relapse in adults are poorly understood. Forty-four adult B-ALL patients were studied at both diagnosis and relapse by next-generation sequencing (NGS).

Inbreeding and Gallbladder Cancer Risk: Homozygosity Associations Adjusted for Indigenous American Ancestry, BMI, and Genetic Risk of Gallstone Disease.

Latin Americans have a rich genetic make-up that translates into heterogeneous fractions of the autosomal genome in runs of homozygosity (F) and heterogeneous types and proportions of indigenous American ancestry. While autozygosity has been linked to several human diseases, very little is known about the relationship between inbreeding, genetic ancestry, and cancer risk in Latin Americans. Chile has one of the highest incidences of gallbladder cancer (GBC) in the world, and we investigated the association between inbreeding, GBC, gallstone disease (GSD), and body mass index (BMI) in 4029 genetically admixed Chileans.

Case Report: Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome in a pediatric patient after percutaneous treatment of aortic re-coarctation.

A female patient in middle childhood was diagnosed with coarctation of the aorta at one month of age and underwent a successful cortectomy. At 11 years old, she developed re-coarctation, which was managed through interventional cardiology. Shortly after the procedure, she experienced a sudden and severe clinical decline, presenting with hypoperfusion of the lower extremities, gastrointestinal bleeding, acute kidney injury, and pancreatitis.

Predictive Markers of Incident Tuberculosis in Close Contacts in Brazil and India.

There are insufficient predictors of progression to tuberculosis among contacts. A case-control study within RePORT-Brazil matched 20 QuantiFERON-positive progressors and 40 non-progressors by sex, age, and exposure duration. Twenty-nine cytokines were measured by Luminex in QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus supernatants collected at baseline and evaluated using machine learning for tuberculosis prediction.

Genome-wide association study on overweight in Brazilian children with asthma: Old stories and new discoveries.

Introduction: Overweight and obesity are chronic and multifactorial diseases with a strong genetic component contributing to weight gain across all age groups. This study aimed to conduct a Genome-wide Association Study (GWAS) on a cohort of 1,004 Brazilian children (5-11 years old) to identify specific DNA regions associated with susceptibility to overweight.

Methods: The GWAS was performed on children participating in the SCAALA (Asthma and Allergy Social Changes in Latin America) program, with participants classified as either overweight or non-overweight.

Computational condensed matter science contributions to addressing water emerging contaminant pollution: A comprehensive review.

The study of emerging contaminants (ECs) in water resources has garnered significant attention due to their potential risks to human health and the environment. This review examines the contribution from computational approaches, focusing on the application of machine learning (ML) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to understand and optimize experimental applications of ECs adsorption on carbon-based nanomaterials. Condensed matter physics plays a crucial role in this research by investigating the fundamental properties of materials at the atomic and molecular levels, enabling the design and engineering of materials optimized for contaminant removal.

Is Income and Racial Residential Segregation Associated with 13-Year Changes in Body Mass Index? A Longitudinal Analysis in the Brazilian Pró-Saúde Cohort Study.

Neighborhoods or residential environments have physical and social attributes which may contribute to inequalities in the overweight and obesity pandemic. We examined the longitudinal associations of baseline neighborhood-level income and racial residential segregation (using the Gi* statistic: low, medium, high) with changes in body mass index (BMI in kg/m), using geocoded data from 1821 civil servants in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, followed-up for approximately 13 years (baseline wave 1: 1999, wave 2: 2001-2002, wave 3: 2006-2007, wave 4: 2012-2013). Linear mixed effects models using BMI measured in all four study waves were performed, accounting for gender, race, length of residence, education and time-dependent age, and per capita family income.

Deauville Score-Based Evaluation of Interim PET/CT in Follicular Lymphoma: A Prognostic Factor Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtype, posing challenges in prognostication. While interim PET/CT is a recognized response assessment tool in other lymphoma subtypes, its prognostic value for FL remains uncertain. This study aims to evaluate the significance of interim PET results, which were assessed using the Deauville Score.

Impact of strategic public health interventions to reduce tuberculosis incidence in Brazil: a Bayesian structural time-series scenario analysis.

Background: Despite government efforts, tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health threat in Brazil. In 2023, TB incidence was 39.8 cases per 100,000 population, far above the WHO's target of 6.

Investigations into the growth and formation of biofilm by at temperatures encountered during infection.

The genus comprises unique atypical spirochete bacteria that includes the etiological agent of leptospirosis, a globally important zoonosis. Biofilms are microecosystems composed of microorganisms embedded in a self-produced matrix that offers protection against hostile factors. Leptospires form biofilms in rice fields and unsanitary urban areas, and while colonizing rodent kidneys.

Exploring retinal conditions through blue light reflectance imaging.

Blue light reflectance (BLR) imaging offers a non-invasive, cost-effective method for evaluating retinal structures by analyzing the reflectance and absorption characteristics of the inner retinal layers. By leveraging blue light's interaction with retinal tissues, BLR enhances visualization beyond the retinal nerve fiber layer, improving detection of structures such as the outer plexiform layer and macular pigment. Its diagnostic utility has been demonstrated in distinct retinal conditions, including hyperreflectance in early macular telangiectasia, hyporeflectance in non-perfused areas indicative of ischemia, identification of pseudodrusen patterns (notably the ribbon type), and detection of peripheral retinal tears and degenerative retinoschisis in eyes with reduced retinal pigment epithelial pigmentation.

The display and advertising of roll-your-own tobacco at points-of-sale in Argentina, Guatemala, Mexico, and Peru.

Introduction: While roll-your-own tobacco consumption is highest in Europe, increased sales are reported in Latin America. We are unaware of any research that explores the display and advertising of roll-your-own tobacco in this region.

Methods: An observational study was conducted at tobacco-selling points-of-sale (N=2,081) near schools in cities in Argentina, Guatemala, Mexico, and Peru between April and July 2023.

Association between a geriatric measure tool and adverse outcomes among older adults treated in an emergency department: a retrospective cohort study.

The COVID-19 pandemic provided an ideal scenario for studying the care of the elderly population, we implemented a tool named the Geriatric Measure (GM) tool to determine the severity and need for hospitalization. The objective of the study is to evaluate if the results of a brief Geriatric Measure tool are associated with mortality and other outcomes among older adults with COVID-19 treated in the emergency department. Retrospective observational cohort study.

TRACE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS AND PHOTOSENSITIZING ACTIVITY IN SALVADORAN SURFACE AND TAP WATER SOURCES: A FIRST LOOK.

Despite their potential risks to human health and the environment at ng/L to μg/L concentrations, there has been relatively little effort to measure trace organic compounds (TOrCs) in surface waters of Central America. The concentrations of eighteen TOrCs detected at eleven surface water sites in the Lempa River basin of El Salvador and four sources of drinking water for the cities of San Salvador, Antiguo Cuscatlán, Soyapango, and Santa Tecla are reported here. All samples were analyzed via liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).