Drug Development.

Background: The therapeutic management of dementia with Lewy bodies (LBD) is a challenge given the high sensitivity to drugs in this disease. This is particularly sensitive with regard to the management of parkinsonism. In particular, treatment of motor symptoms with levodopa or dopaminergic agonists poses a risk of worsening cognitive and behavioral symptoms.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: The World Health Organization forecasts a population of 2,000 million people over 60 years by the year 2050, with 7% of this population suffering from dementia. Making a constant clinical-technological evaluation of older adults allows early detection of the disease and provides a better quality of life for the patient. In this sense, the research and development of innovative technological systems for the early detection of the disease, its monitoring and management of the growing number of patients with cognitive diseases has increased in recent years, integrating data collection and its automatic processing based on geriatric metrics into these systems using artificial intelligence (AI) methods.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a clinical syndrome characterized by progressive changes in behavior, executive function, or language. In Latin America, persons with FTD are underrecognized or diagnosed late. There is a lack of knowledge about the experiences have on families.

Dementia Care Practice.

Background: Advances in the development of e-health applications enhance the availability of preventive tools and the adherence to certain treatments in old age (Roberts et al., 2015; Granath et al., 2023).

Transcending Time and Space in the Search for Synthesis: A Commentary on Paranjpe's Understanding Yoga Psychology: Indigenous Knowledge with Global Relevance.

This volume makes a notable contribution with a deep and extensive analysis to achieve the movement from Yoga Philosophy to Yoga Psychology for the promotion of integration with Modern Psychology, a task hitherto unrealized despite the burgeoning attention to Yoga. This commentary is constrained by my own limited knowledge of traditional Indian philosophy in making a thorough examination of Paranjpe's contribution beyond attention to selected concepts and sporadic illustrations from the original volume. Yoga practice is, Paranjpe informs us, just the tip of an immense consolidation of knowledge, deep intellectual thought and theoretical consideration about the embodied sense of self, health and well-being.

Efficacy outcomes of CDK4/6 inhibitors in combination with endocrine therapy treatment in hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative advanced breast cancer according to PAM50 intrinsic subtype: Primary results of SOLTI-1801 CDK-PREDICT study.

Introduction: The prognostic value of PAM50 intrinsic subtypes (IS), cell cycle, and immune-related gene expression in HR+ /HER2- advanced breast cancer (BC) treated with CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) and endocrine therapy (ET) in a first-line metastatic setting is unclear. This study evaluates these biomarkers in metastatic biopsies from patients diagnosed with HR+ /HER2- advanced BC.

Methods: CDK-PREDICT study is a multicentric, ambispective observational cohort study conducted in six Spanish hospitals.

Microbial activity of the inoculum determines the impact of activated carbon, magnetite and zeolite on methane production.

The conversion of organic matter to methane through anaerobic digestion (AD) process can be enhanced by different materials. However, literature reports show inconsistent results on the effect of materials in different AD systems. In this study, we evaluated the influence of the inoculum's activity on methane production (MP) efficiency in the presence of different materials (activated carbon (AC), magnetite (Mag), and zeolite (Zeo)).

Hyper-CVAD and Modified CALGB-10403 Regimens in Adult Patients With Philadelphia-Negative Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Comparative Study.

Objective: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has a higher incidence in Latin America, with adult patients experiencing worse long-term outcomes despite high complete remission (CR) rates. When treated with adult regimens, 3-year overall survival (OS) is approximately 20%. However, adopting pediatric-inspired regimens (PIRs) has shown improved outcomes.

Analysis of small abdominal aortic aneurysms with the radiotracer technetium-99m- 6-hydrazinylnicotinoyl-C-C-chemokine receptor-2 ligand (Tc-HYNIC-CCR2-L) with single-photon emission computed tomography.

Purpose: Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) plays a key role for infiltration of monocytes/macrophages and studies have demonstrated that the MCP-1/C-C chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) axis might be involved in the pathogenesis and progression of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). Molecular imaging has shown potential for human clinical research studies. We evaluated the expression of CCR2 in patients with small AAA using single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with the technetium-99m-6-hydrazinylnicotinoyl-C-C-chemokine receptor-2 ligand (Tc-HYNIC-CCR2-L).

Impact of different treatments for chronic pain on cognitive function: A systematic review.

Introduction: Experimental evidence supports the hypothesis of reciprocal influence between neural systems involved in cognition and central pain processing circuits. Furthermore, studies have demonstrated bidirectional communication between central pain processing areas and the immune system, leading to changes in behaviour, sensory perception, mood, and cognition. However, the academic community has not yet reached a consensus on whether effective analgesic interventions can mitigate or reverse cognitive deterioration.

Relationship between sexually transmitted infections knowledge and the sexual behavior of Brazilian future doctors.

Background: The prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) remains alarming, especially among young people and college students, highlighting the vulnerability of this population. In the academic context, it is worth investigating whether medical students, despite their access to information, also engage in risky sexual behaviors.

Objective: The present study aims to describe the sexual behavior of Brazilian medical students, analyzing their level of knowledge about HIV/AIDS and other STIs, as well as examining potential correlations between this knowledge and risky behaviors.

Zinc-L-Selenomethionine Improves Growth and Hemato-Biochemical Parameters at Low but not at High Stocking Density for Nile Tilapia Males.

The study aimed to examine the interaction between diets supplemented with zinc-L-selenomethionine (ZnSeMet) and two stocking densities (SD) on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) males. Four extruded diets were formulated: 0.0, 0.

DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF MICROSCOPIC COLITIS: POSITION PAPER ON BEHALF OF THE BRAZILIAN FEDERATION OF GASTROENTEROLOGY.

Background: Microscopic colitis (MC) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the colon, primarily characterized by watery diarrhea, with normal or near-normal endoscopic findings. It encompasses two main subtypes: lymphocytic colitis and collagenous colitis.

Objective: This position paper from the Brazilian Federation of Gastroenterology aims to review current evidence on the diagnosis and management of MC in Brazil, emphasizing the need for standardization across the country's healthcare systems.

ASSOCIATION OF "METABOLIC DYSFUNCTION-ASSOCIATED STEATOTIC PANCREAS DISEASE" (MASPD) AND INSULIN RESISTANCE.

Background: To investigate the association between metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic pancreas disease (MASPD) and insulin resistance (IR).

Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 157 participants diagnosed with MASPD based on ultrasonography criteria. Baseline demographic data were collected, including age, gender, and body mass index.

Use of text messages to promote medication adherence and reduce blood pressure in patients with hypertension: the ESSENCE study.

The ESSENCE study evaluated the effect of sending text messages with and without reminders of the time of medication use on adherence to medication treatment and the reduction of blood pressure in patients with hypertension. This was a randomized, crossover, double-blind, active-controlled clinical trial, which included patients aged 30-69 years, followed up at a community pharmacy. Messages were automatically sent using a software and were received on the participants' smartphones.

Early warning system using primary health care data in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era: Brazil nationwide case-study.

Syndromic surveillance using primary health care (PHC) data is a valuable tool for early outbreak detection, as demonstrated by the potential to identify COVID-19 outbreaks. However, the potential of such an early warning system in the post-COVID-19 era remains largely unexplored. We analyzed PHC encounter counter of respiratory complaints registered in the database of the Brazilian Unified National Health System from October 2022 to July 2023.

Nutritional Profiling of Wild Edible Plants: Quantification of Macronutrients and Minerals via Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) Fluorescence Spectroscopy.

The wild edible plants offer a valuable resource for food and human nutrition. The current study aimed to analyze the proximate composition and ethno-medicinal profiles of twenty selected wild edible plants from the Malakand District, Pakistan. The proximate composition (moisture, ash, crude protein, crude fat, and dietary fiber) was analyzed following Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (AOAC) protocols.

Mental health in the Tupinambá community of Serra do Padeiro, southern Bahia, Brazil: community and struggle as sources of health.

This work presents concepts and practices linked to mental health in the Tupinambá Indigenous community of Serra do Padeiro in southern Bahia, Brazil. This qualitative cartographic research mapped existing processes and relationships in the Tupinambá territory. Data production techniques were participant observation, semi-structured interviews, field diary, and bibliographic studies.

Anaphylaxis management: knowledge of Brazilian pediatricians.

Objective: To verify the level of knowledge of Brazilian pediatricians about anaphylaxis, identifying sociodemographic and educational characteristics of the professional which contribute to the adequate management of this clinical disorder.

Methods: A survey was carried out on the management of anaphylaxis using a questionnaire prepared and distributed by email to pediatricians in different states in Brazil. The level of knowledge about anaphylaxis was classified as: satisfactory; unsatisfactory; more than satisfactory; ideal, according to evaluation criteria adopted for the statements of clinical cases that addressed the drug of choice, route of administration, positioning of the patient with anaphylaxis and recognition of the clinical case with differential diagnosis.

Perceived mistreatment in patients with rheumatic diseases: The impact of the underlying diagnosis.

Background: Mistreatment is a complex problem that impacts people's quality of life, morbidity, and mortality. In aged people, it has been associated with female sex, poor general health, depression, functional and cognitive decline, and increased dependence levels, all of which are well-recognized characteristics of patients with rheumatic diseases (RMDs). The objective was to describe the mistreatment phenomenon in Mexican patients with RMDs.

Pharmacological inhibition of key metabolic pathways attenuates Leishmania spp infection in macrophages.

Macrophages represent a fundamental component of the innate immune system that play a critical role in detecting and responding to pathogens as well as danger signals. Leishmania spp. infections lead to a notable alteration in macrophage metabolism, whereby infected cells display heightened energy metabolism that is linked to the integrity of host mitochondria.

Latine Patients' Beliefs, Attitudes, and Experience With Psoriasis.

Importance: In the US, Latine patients disproportionately experience severe psoriasis, limited access to care, and poor disease-related quality of life. However, little is known about psoriasis in this growing US population.

Objectives: To explore Latine patients' perception of their illness and their attitudes toward and experiences with the health care system, treatment, and research.

Tuberculosis healthcare service disruptions during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, India and South Africa: A model-based analysis of country-level data.

Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading infectious disease cause of death worldwide. In recent years, stringent measures to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2 have led to considerable disruptions of healthcare services for TB in many countries. The extent to which these measures have affected TB testing, treatment initiation and outcomes has not been comprehensively assessed.

Bayesian polygenic risk estimation approach to nuclear families with discordant sib-pairs for myelomeningocele.

Myelomeningocele (MMC) is the most severe and disabling form of spina bifida with chronic health multisystem complications and social and economic family and health systems burden. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the genetic risk estimate for MMC in a cohort of 203 Mexican nuclear families with discordant siblings for the defect. Utilizing a custom Illumina array, we analyzed 656 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of 395 candidate genes to identify a polygenic risk profile for MMC.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on HIV testing in Peru: an interrupted time series analysis from 2014 to 2022.

Objectives: Our objective was to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on the proportion of past-year HIV testing in Peru.

Methods: Utilizing data from the National Demographic and Health Survey of Peru from 2014 to 2022, we conducted an interrupted time series analysis. The proportion of past-year HIV testing per quarter of each year was considered our unit of analysis.