Responses to salinity in the littoral earthworm genus Pontodrilus.

The cosmopolitan littoral earthworm Pontodrilus litoralis is distributed in tropical and sub-tropical coastal habitats, whereas P. longissimus is reported only in the Thai-Malay coastal line. In the present study, we examined the difference in salinity effect on the survival rate, wet weight (hereafter weight) change, behaviour, and osmolality of these two Pontodrilus species.

Efficacy of oil combination with leaf and pericarps against canine demodicosis.

Background And Aim: Canine demodicosis is a skin disease that is a major global health problem in dogs. Ivermectin is a drug of choice for treatment, but it may cause toxicity in dogs carrying multidrug resistance mutation-1 gene mutations. Hence, alternative herbal medicines are used instead of the drug, such as oil (YN oil), leaf (WC), and pericarps (MG) extracts.

Opisthorchis viverrini and Strongyloides stercoralis mono- and co-infections: Bayesian geostatistical analysis in an endemic area, Thailand.

Parasitic infections caused by Opisthorchis viverrini and Strongyloides stercoralis remain a major public health threat in the Greater Mekong Sub-region. An understanding of climate and other environmental influences on the geographical distribution and emergence of parasitic diseases is a crucial step to guide targeted control and prevention programs. A parasitological survey was conducted from 2008 to 2013 and included 12,554 individuals (age between 20 and 60 years) from 142 villages in five districts in Khon Kaen Province, Thailand.

Evidence of cryptic diversity in freshwater Macrobrachium prawns from Indochinese riverine systems revealed by DNA barcode, species delimitation and phylogenetic approaches.

The diversity of Indochinese prawns in genus Macrobrachium is enormous due to the habitat diversification and broad tributary networks of two river basins: the Chao Phraya and the Mekong. Despite long-standing interest in SE-Asian decapod diversity, the subregional Macrobrachium fauna is still not yet comprehensively clarified in terms of taxonomic identification or genetic diversification. In this study, integrative taxonomic approaches including morphological examination, DNA barcoding, and molecular species delimitation were used to emphasize the broad scale systematics of Macrobrachium prawns in Indochina.

Improving ensiling characteristics by adding lactic acid bacteria modifies in vitro digestibility and methane production of forage-sorghum mixture silage.

Improving the nutrition of livestock is an important aspect of global food production sustainability. This study verified whether lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculant could promote ensiling characteristics, nutritive value, and in vitro enteric methane (CH) mitigation of forage sorghum (FS) mixture silage in attacking malnutrition in Zebu beef cattle. The FS at the soft dough stage, Cavalcade hay (CH), and cassava chip (CC) were obtained.

First reported quantitative microbiota in different livestock manures used as organic fertilizers in the Northeast of Thailand.

Northeastern Thailand relies on agriculture as a major economic activity, and has used high levels of agrochemicals due to low facility, and salty sandy soil. To support soil recovery and sustainable agriculture, local farmers have used organic fertilizers from farmed animal feces. However, knowledge about these animal fecal manures remains minimal restricting their optimal use.

Molecular phylogeny and species delimitation of the freshwater prawn species group, with descriptions of three new species from Thailand.

Specific status and species boundaries of several freshwater prawns in the species group remain ambiguous, despite the taxonomic re-description of type materials and additional specimens collected to expand the boundaries of some species. In this study, the "" species group of sensu Johnson (1958) was studied using specimens collected from montane streams of Thailand. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of three molecular markers (COI, 16S and 18S rRNA) were performed.

Reduction of Reinfection Rates with Opisthorchis viverrini through a Three-Year Management Program in Endemic Areas of Northeastern Thailand.

To clarify the reinfection profile associated with risk factors of opisthorchiasis, we conducted an epidemiological study on the chemotherapeutic effects on reinfection with O. viverrini in the endemic areas of Northeastern Thailand for 3 years. A total of 3,674 fecal samples were collected from participants in villages of 5 provinces.

Highly Soluble Indigo Derivatives as Practical Diesel Absorption Markers.

This work describes the practical production of novel indigo derivatives from commercially available and economically friendly indigo and investigation for their potential use as diesel markers. Introduction of solubilizing long alkyl chains into an indigo molecule via formation of arylimino moieties at its carbonyl sites and amidation at its amino groups greatly enhances the solubility in diesel and several common organic solvents. Effects of the number and position of the alkyl chains on the absorption behavior of the compounds are discussed.

Bayesian spatial analysis of cholangiocarcinoma in Northeast Thailand.

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignant neoplasm of the biliary tract. Thailand reports the highest incidence of CCA in the world. The aim of this study was to map the distribution of CCA and identify spatial disease clusters in Northeast Thailand.

Recent advances on the immunobiology of Bithynia spp. hosts of Opisthorchis viverrini.

This article reviews the past and present scientific reports regarding Bithynia spp. focusing on the biology, ecology and life cycle of Bithynia snails and their responses to Opisthorchis viverrini infection. Moreover, new data regarding comparative molecular genomics and proteomic approaches have recently revealed novel molecular components involved in the immune defence responses from Bithynia spp.

Biological and physiological responses of Perionyx excavatus to abamectin.

Biological and behavioral responses of the tropical earthworm Perionyx excavatus towards different concentrations of abamectin were evaluated. Abamectin significantly reduced the biomass and reproduction (cocoon production) of P. excavatus as well as inducing histopathological alterations in the cuticle.

Size variation and geographical distribution of the luminous earthworm (Grube, 1855) (Clitellata, Megascolecidae) in Southeast Asia and Japan.

The luminous earthworm (Grube, 1855) occurs in a very wide range of subtropical and tropical coastal areas. Morphometrics on size variation (number of segments, body length and diameter) and genetic analysis using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene sequence were conducted on 14 populations of from Southeast Asia and Japan. Statistical inference on morphometric data revealed significantly different size variations in the body length and diameter among these 14 populations of .

Anticancer activity of synthetic (±)-kusunokinin and its derivative (±)-bursehernin on human cancer cell lines.

Kusunokinin is a potent lignan compound with a several biological properties including antitrypanosomal and anticancer. In this study, (±)-kusunokinin and its derivative, (±)-bursehernin, were synthesized and investigated for their anticancer activities on cell viability, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in cancer cell lines including breast cancer (MCF-7, MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231), colon cancer (HT-29) and cholangiocarcinoma (KKU-K100, KKU-M213 and KKU-M055) cells. The result showed that (±)-kusunokinin and (±)-bursehernin represented the strongest growth inhibition against breast cancer (MCF-7) and cholangiocarcinoma (KKU-M213) cells with the IC values of 4.

Untangling a mess of worms: Species delimitations reveal morphological crypsis and variability in Southeast Asian semi-aquatic earthworms (Almidae, Glyphidrilus).

Semi-aquatic freshwater earthworms in the genus Glyphidrilus from Southeast Asia are characterized by both an extreme morphological crypsis among divergent phylogenetic lineages and a high morphological variability within the same phylogenetic lineages. The present study provides a new taxonomic framework for this problematic genus in SE Asia by integrating DNA sequence and morphological data. When single-locus and multilocus multispecies coalescent-based (MSC) species delimitation methods were applied to DNA sequence data, they usually yielded highly incongruent results compared to morphology-based species identifications.

Annotated checklist of the terrestrial molluscs from Laos (Mollusca, Gastropoda).

The land area of Laos is composed of a large variety of undisturbed habitats, such as high mountainous areas, huge limestone karsts and the lower Mekong Basin. Therefore, Laos is expected to have a high species diversity, especially for the land snails. However, with respect to research on malacology, Laos is probably the least well-researched area for land snail diversity in Indochina (including Laos) over the past few centuries.

Ecological Niche Model based on Maximum Entropy for mapping distribution of Bithynia siamensis goniomphalos, first intermediate host snail of Opisthorchis viverrini in Thailand.

The snail Bithynia siamensis goniomphalos acts as first intermediate host of the liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini, which causes opisthorchiasis in humans. In this study, we used a geographic information system (GIS), remote sensing (RS) and software using the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) algorithm to predict the distribution of B. s.

MaxEnt modeling of soil-transmitted helminth infection distributions in Thailand.

Infections due to soil-transmitted helminths (STHs), i.e. Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, hookworms, and Strongyloides stercoralis, are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas in which approximately 1.

New species of semi-aquatic freshwater earthworm genus Horst, 1889 from Thailand and Laos (Oligochaeta, Almidae).

Seven new species of semi-aquatic freshwater earthworms belonging to the genus Horst, 1889 are described from Thailand and Laos, Chanabun & Panha , Chanabun & Panha , Chanabun & Panha , Chanabun & Panha , Chanabun & Panha , Chanabun & Panha , and Chanabun & Panha The species are characterized by their external and internal morphological characteristics, as well as body sizes. Other morphological character differences between these seven species were also compared, and an identification key is provided. The relationships of the new species to congeners are discussed.

Preconcentration and trace determination of copper (II) in Thai food recipes using FeO@Chi-GQDs nanocomposites as a new magnetic adsorbent.

This study describes the preparation, characterization, and application of a new magnetic chitosan-graphene quantum dots (FeO@Chi-GQDs) nanocomposite as an adsorbent for the preconcentration of Cu(II) in Thai food recipes or the so-called "Som Tam" (green papaya salad) prior to determination by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. The spectroscopic and magnetic properties along with the morphology and thermal property were analyzed using FTIR, EDX, XRD, TGA, VSM, and TEM. Preconcentration optimizations including pH, dosage of adsorbent, adsorption-desorption time, concentration and volume of elution solvent, sample volume and enrichment factor, and reusing time were investigated.

A new xanthone from the fungus Apiospora montagnei.

A new xanthone derivative, methyl 8-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethylxanthone-1-carboxylate (1), and seven known compounds, 8-hydroxy-3-methylxanthone-1-carboxylate (2), methyl 8-hydroxy-6-methylxanthone-1-carboxylate (3), ergosterol (4), cyathisterone (5), ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one (6), calvasterone (7) and 2-hexyl-3-methylmaleic anhydride (8) were first isolated from the fungus Apiospora montagnei. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis (UV, IR, MS, 1D, and 2D NMR). Compounds 5 and 6 showed weak to very weak cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines, NCI-H187 and KB.

Thermoelectric Properties of Indium and Gallium Dually Doped ZnO Thin Films.

We investigated the effect of single and multidopants on the thermoelectrical properties of host ZnO films. Incorporation of the single dopant Ga in the ZnO films improved the conductivity and mobility but lowered the Seebeck coefficient. Dual Ga- and In-doped ZnO thin films show slightly decreased electrical conductivity but improved Seebeck coefficient.

La/Sm/Er Cation Doping Induced Thermal Properties of SrTiO3 Perovskite.

The La/Sm/Er cations with different radii doping SrTiO3 (STO) as model Sr0.9R0.1TiO3 (R = La, Sm, Er) were designed to investigate structural characteristics and thermal properties by the molecular dynamics simulation with the Green-Kubo relation at 300-2000 K.