Bound-State Beta Decay of ^{205}Tl^{81+} Ions and the LOREX Project.

Stable ^{205}Tl ions have the lowest known energy threshold for capturing electron neutrinos (ν_{e}) of E_{ν_{e}}≥50.6  keV. The Lorandite Experiment (LOREX), proposed in the 1980s, aims at obtaining the longtime averaged solar neutrino flux by utilizing natural deposits of Tl-bearing lorandite ores.

SHORT AND CROOKED AWN, Encoding an Epigenetic Regulator EMF1, Promotes Barley Awn Development.

The awn is a bristle-like extension from the lemma of grass spikelets. In barley, the predominant cultivars possess long awns that contribute to grain yield and quality through photosynthesis. Barley is a useful cereal crop to investigate the mechanism of awn development as various awn morphological mutants are available.

A new rigid non-polarizable model for semi-heavy water: TIP4P/2005-SHW.

In molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of water, rigid non-polarizable models are still valuable and widely used because of their low computational cost and excellent performance. Most of such models have been for light water (H2O) for a long time, and a few have recently been reported for heavy water (D2O). The specific models of D2O are needed because of its notably slower dynamics and stronger hydrogen bond than H2O.

Anti-Poiseuille flow by spin Hall effect.

Hydrodynamics is known to emerge in electron flow when the electron-electron interaction dominates over the other momentum-nonconserving scatterings. The hydrodynamic equation that describes the electric current includes viscosity, extending beyond the Ohmic flow. The laminar flow of such a viscous electron fluid in a sample with finite width is referred to as the Poiseuille flow, where the flow velocity is maximum at the center and decreases towards the edges of the sample.

Nuclear Structure of Dripline Nuclei Elucidated through Precision Mass Measurements of ^{23}Si, ^{26}P, ^{27,28}S, and ^{31}Ar.

Using the Bρ-defined isochronous mass spectrometry technique, we report the first determination of the ^{23}Si, ^{26}P, ^{27}S, and ^{31}Ar masses and improve the precision of the ^{28}S mass by a factor of 11. Our measurements confirm that these isotopes are bound and fix the location of the proton dripline in P, S, and Ar. We find that the mirror energy differences of the mirror-nuclei pairs ^{26}P-^{26}Na, ^{27}P-^{27}Mg, ^{27}S-^{27}Na, ^{28}S-^{28}Mg, and ^{31}Ar-^{31}Al deviate significantly from the values predicted assuming mirror symmetry.

Intestinal butyric acid-mediated disruption of gut hormone secretion and lipid metabolism in vasopressin receptor-deficient mice.

Objectives: Arginine vasopressin (AVP), known as an antidiuretic hormone, is also crucial in metabolic homeostasis. Although AVP receptor-deficient mice exhibit various abnormalities in glucose and lipid metabolism, the mechanism underlying these symptoms remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the involvement of the gut hormones including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and microbiota as essential mediators.

Calcium signaling triggers early high humidity responses in .

Plants need to adapt to fluctuating atmospheric humidity and respond to both high and low humidity. Despite our substantial understanding of plant responses to low humidity, molecular mechanisms underlying the high humidity (HH) response are much less well understood. In this study, we investigated early responses to HH in .

Nitrogen deficiency influences strigolactone levels in basal parts of shoots and shoot branching phenotype in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Strigolactones (SLs) are allelochemicals attracting both symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and root parasitic plants and a novel class of phytohormones inhibiting lateral shoot branching. In general, nutrient deficiency significantly promotes SL production in roots and exudation into the rhizosphere, and also induces suppressed shoot branching phenotype in host plants of AM fungi including rice, tomato, maize, etc. Nutrient deficiencies also inhibit the shoot branching in Arabidopsis thaliana (hereafter Arabidopsis), a non-host of AM fungi, while the level of carlactone, a non-canonical SL and the SL precursor for the other SLs, was reported to be unaffected.

A mutation in DNA polymerase γ harbours a shortened lifespan and high sensitivity to mutagens in the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa.

Hyphal elongation is the vegetative growth of filamentous fungi, and many species continuously elongate their hyphal tips over long periods. The details of the mechanisms for maintaining continuous growth are not yet clear. A novel short lifespan mutant of N.

Discoveries by the genome profiling, symbolic powers of non-next generation sequencing methods.

Next-generation sequencing and other sequencing approaches have made significant progress in DNA analysis. However, there are indispensable advantages in the nonsequencing methods. They have their justifications such as being speedy, cost-effective, multi-applicable, and straightforward.

Thermoanalytical and Kinetic Studies for the Thermal Stability of Emerging Pharmaceutical Pollutants Under Different Heating Rates.

Emerging pharmaceutical pollutants like ciprofloxacin (CIP) and ibuprofen (IBU) are frequently detected in aquatic environments, posing risks to ecosystems and human health. Since pollutants rarely exist alone in the environment, understanding the thermal stability and degradation kinetics of these compounds, especially in mixtures, is crucial for developing effective removal strategies. This study therefore investigates the thermal stability and degradation kinetics of CIP and IBU, under different heating rates.

Accumulation of Acyl Plastoquinol and Triacylglycerol in Six Cyanobacterial Species with Different Sets of Genes Encoding Type-2 Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase-like Proteins.

Recently, acyl plastoquinol (APQ) and plastoquinone-B (PQ-B), which are fatty acid esters of plastoquinol and plastoquinone-C respectively, have been identified as the major neutral lipids in cyanobacteria. In Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, Slr2103 having homology with the eukaryotic enzyme for triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis, diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2), was identified as responsible for the synthesis of these plastoquinone-related lipids.

In vitro selection of dye-fluorescence-enhancing peptide aptamer by cDNA display.

Although Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) is useful and most widely used, steric hindrance due to its size and the time required for chromophore formation are complications. However, it is difficult to form chromophores with peptides to reduce the molecular weight. Therefore, we focused on peptides that can become fluorescent by binding to dyes.

Hydrogen peroxide concentration as an indicator of cyanobacterial response to diurnal variation in light intensity.

We measured diurnal variations in oxidative stress conditions of cyanobacteria utilizing field observations and laboratory experiments in order to evaluate photoinhibition effects. On clear summer days, transparent bottles filled with surface water were set up at several depths and were collected every three hours together with the measurement of the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). In the laboratory experiment, two cyanobacterial species were exposed to gradually increasing and then decreasing light intensities.

Translocation mechanism and the role of aerenchyma in nanoplastic translocation in Myriophyllum sp. "Roraima" and physiological responses.

Nanoplastics have become a growing concern due to their potential impact on freshwater vegetation. The uptake, translocation, and effects of 0.05-µm nanoplastics on Myriophyllum sp.

Production of extracellular superoxide contributes to photosynthesis via elimination of reducing power and regeneration of NADP in the red-tide-forming raphidophyte Chattonella marina complex.

The raphidophyte Chattonella marina complex (hereafter Chattonella) consists of noxious red-tide-forming algae that are damaging to fish farms. Chattonella produces and secretes large amounts of the superoxide anion (•O), and the production of extracellular •O has been associated with fish mortality. We reported previously that photosynthetic electron transport is correlated with the production of •O in the genus Chattonella.

Modeling the dynamics of contextual cueing effect by reinforcement learning.

Humans use environmental context for facilitating object searches. The benefit of context for visual search requires learning. Modeling the learning process of context for efficient processing is vital to understanding visual function in everyday environments.

Structural insights into the recognition of tetrapyrrole substrates by ancestral class II chelatase CfbA.

Nickel-chelatase CfbA, unlike descendant chelatases, is an ancestral class II chelatase with a symmetric active site architecture. CfbA utilizes sirohydrochlorin (SHC) as a physiological substrate in the biosynthesis of coenzyme F430. CbiX, a structural analog of CfbA, can use uroporphyrin III (UPIII) and uroporphyrin I (UPI) as non-physiological substrates.

Spin injection from a magnetically near-compensated state in GdFeCo and inverse spin Hall effect in electron-hole compensated metal YH.

Rare-earth-transition-metal (RE-TM) ferrimagnets are excellent materials for spin encode/decode operations via spin transport in nonmagnetic regions. This superior performance stems from two key factors. First, the antiferromagnetic coupling between RE4f and TM3d sublattices reduces both the spin-transfer-torque switching time and inter-device magnetic-coupling.

Explicit description of viral capsid subunit shapes by unfolding dihedrons.

Viral capsid assembly and the design of capsid-based nanocontainers critically depend on understanding the shapes and interfaces of constituent protein subunits. However, a comprehensive framework for characterizing these features is still lacking. Here, we introduce a novel approach based on spherical tiling theory that explicitly describes the 2D shapes and interfaces of subunits in icosahedral capsids.