Early Transpyloric Tube Feeding in Preventing Adverse Respiratory Events in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants.

Background: It has been demonstrated that aspiration during endotracheal intubation in preterm infants with gastroesophageal reflux is a contributing factor in the worsening of lung diseases and the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). This study aims to compare the safety and efficacy of early transpyloric (TP) tube feeding with that of nasogastric (NG) tube feeding in relation to BPD.

Methods: The study population consisted of 39 extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWIs) with mechanical ventilation and an enteral feeding volume of 50 mL/kg/day, which were randomly assigned to different groups based on the method of tube feeding.

Examination of endoscopic intracanal observation with an ultrafine-diameter scope.

Objectives: The endoscopic channel can be damaged by instruments during use and cleaning, leading to contamination, infection, and increased repair costs. However, few devices are available to observe the inside of the endoscopic channel. This study employed an ultrafine-diameter scope to examine damage in the endoscopic channel.

Single-Molecule Oxidoreductase Activity Analysis for Activity-Based Diagnosis Based on Proteoform Alterations.

We developed a single-molecule enzyme activity assay platform for NAD(P)-dependent oxidoreductases, leveraging a new NAD(P)H-responsive fluorogenic probe optimized for microdevice-based fluorometric detection. This platform enabled the detection of enzyme activities in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), including lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and hexokinases. We demonstrate its potential for activity-based diagnosis by detecting altered populations of enzyme activity species in blood and CSF from liver damage in brain tumor patients.

Concurrent Onset of Osimertinib-Induced Heart Failure and Metronidazole-Induced Encephalopathy During Brain Abscess Treatment: A Report of a Rare Case.

We report a rare case of concurrent onset of osimertinib-induced heart failure and metronidazole-induced encephalopathy during treatment of a brain abscess. A 78-year-old female with lung adenocarcinoma presented with neurological symptoms and was diagnosed with a brain abscess. During treatment, she developed heart failure and encephalopathy, linked to osimertinib and metronidazole, respectively.

Mini-open periacetabular cementoplasty for periacetabular bone metastasis: a report of two cases.

Bone metastasis in the periacetabular region usually causes severe pain and functional disability. Some surgical procedures, such as the Harrington surgery and percutaneous cementoplasty, have been reported as treatment options for periacetabular bone metastases with limited efficacy. The former is highly invasive, while the latter may not allow the injection of a sufficient amount of cement.

Utilizing infectious disease surveillance for epidemic warnings of respiratory syncytial virus infections in Japan from 2015 to 2019.

Japan's National Epidemiological Surveillance of Infectious Diseases (NESID) has implemented a warning system for detecting epidemics in smaller districts, such as public health center (PHC) areas. This system is applied to influenza and pediatric infectious diseases but not to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, whose incorporation is essential for early epidemic detection. We aimed to propose criterion values for the epidemic warning system of RSV infection within PHC areas.

Improvement in Atrial Fibrillation Detection by Pulse Checking of Patients with Non-Cardioembolic Stroke in Rehabilitation Hospitals: The ESCORT Study.

Background: Rehabilitation therapists are sometimes unaware of the possibility of undiagnosed atrial fibrillation (AF) and the importance of AF detection. Thus, we aimed to increase awareness among rehabilitation therapists of the importance of AF detection at rehabilitation hospitals during regular pulse checks of patients with ischemic stroke.

Methods: In this multicenter prospective observational study, we enrolled patients with noncardiac stroke.

Helicobacter pylori-Related Chronic Gastritis as a Risk Factor for Lower Bone Mineral Density.

We evaluated the role of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-related chronic gastritis in the development of osteoporosis in a population-based study. A total of 1690 subjects in the cohort of the Research on Osteoarthritis/ osteoporosis Against Disability (ROAD) were investigated, and the association between gastritis and osteoporosis was evaluated by the presence of serologically assessed H.

Clinical Differences Between Survivors and Non-Survivors of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: The Roles of Sulbactam/Ampicillin and Methicillin-Resistant .

Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the most lethal complications in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. However, critical issues of non-survivors vary and are still unclear in VAP patients.

Methods: The clinical differences between survivors and non-survivors of VAP were retrospectively analyzed in patients hospitalized from April 2023 to March 2024.

A multicenter study on TROP2 as a potential targeted therapy for extramammary Paget disease in Japan.

Extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) is a rare skin cancer that typically occurs in the anogenital area of older people. Since efficacy of treatments for metastatic or unresectable EMPD remains poor, development of a novel therapeutic approach is strongly desired. However, the lack of EMPD models has hampered investigation of EMPD.

Impact of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic on the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children in Yamanashi, Japan.

It has been hypothesized that the biopsychosocial stress associated with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, in combination with the immunological effects of SARS-CoV-2 and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, may contribute to the onset of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in children. In this study, we documented the incidences of T1D in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan, from 1986 to 2018, and expanded the analysis to include cases from 2019 to 2022 to evaluate the potential influence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on T1D incidence. The COVID-19 pandemic period was defined as 2020 to 2022.

Cardiovascular Prognosis in Limb Ischemia Patients with Heart Failure and Systolic Dysfunction Following Major Amputation.

Chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI), the severest stage of peripheral artery disease, frequently necessitates amputation. In CLTI patients, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) markedly raises mortality risk, with increased peripheral vascular resistance contributing to this exacerbation. This investigation aimed to assess the impact of major amputation (MA) on the cardiovascular (CV) prognosis in CLTI patients with HFrEF by lowering peripheral vascular resistance.

Prognostic factors in patients with bone metastasis of lung cancer after immune checkpoint inhibitors: A retrospective study.

Background: Accurate data on the prognosis of bone metastases are necessary for appropriate treatment. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are widely used in the treatment of gene mutation-negative non-small cell lung cancer (GMN-NSCLC).

Aim: To investigate the prognostic factors in patients with bone metastases from GMN-NSCLC following ICI use.

Three-Dimensional Sectional Measurements of Shoulder Muscle Volume and Computed Tomography Density to Monitor Serial Postoperative Volume Changes in the Transverse Force Couple of Shoulder Muscles in Anterior Shoulder Instability.

Purpose: In this study, we evaluated serial changes in shoulder muscle volume and computed tomography (CT) density of the transverse force couple (i.e., subscapularis (Ssc) vs.

Recovery of the Medial Elbow Joint in the 24-Hour Period After Repetitive Pitching in High School Players.

Background: Repetitive pitching causes immediate changes in the medial elbow joint. However, the recovery process from these changes is not clear.

Purpose/hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to investigate the recovery of the medial elbow joint in the 24-hour period after pitching.

Prognostic Impact of Preoperative Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction in Older Adult Patients With Gastric Cancer.

Background/aim: The effect of left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD), a risk factor for postoperative mortality, in older adult patients with gastric cancer has not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of low preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) on short- and long-term outcomes in older adult patients with gastric cancer.

Patients And Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 237 older adult patients with gastric cancer (≥75 years old) who underwent preoperative echocardiography and curative gastrectomy.

Proactive Symptom Monitoring by Pharmacists Using a Cancer Patient Support App in Out-patient Oral Multi-kinase Inhibitor Therapy: Feasibility Study of a Small Patient Population.

Background/aim: Measures to control adverse events (AEs) in the use of oral multi-kinase inhibitors (OMI) are important for the continuation of treatment.

Patients And Methods: In this study, oncology pharmacists monitored symptoms of patients receiving outpatient therapy with OMIs in real-time using a smartphone Web app for the early detection/early treatment of AEs. This feasibility study evaluated the effects of using the app in 10 patients compared with data from 10 patients who did not use the app.

In vivo kinematic analysis of failure cases after nonanatomical anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a preliminary study.

Background: Nonanatomical anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction occasionally induces ACL failure without an evident injury episode, necessitating revision surgery. Although the in vivo kinematics of ACL deficiency before primary ACL reconstruction are well documented, the kinematics of ACL failure after nonanatomical reconstruction remain unexplored. The aim of this study is to investigate ACL failure kinematics following nonanatomical reconstruction.

Health Utility of Pain Response Versus Nonresponse to Palliative Radiation Therapy for Symptomatic Bone Metastases: Analyses Based on Real-World Data from 26 Centers.

Utility values of responders and nonresponders are essential inputs in cost-effectiveness studies of radiation therapy for painful bone metastases but, to our knowledge, they have not been reported separately. We sought to determine the utility values of responders and nonresponders using data from a prospective observational study on bone metastases. The original prospective observational study was conducted at 26 centers in Japan.

Evaluation of the Efficacy and Accuracy of Super-Flexible Three-Dimensional Heart Models of Congenital Heart Disease Made via Stereolithography Printing and Vacuum Casting: A Multicenter Clinical Trial.

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is an advanced technology for accurately understanding anatomy and supporting the successful surgical management of complex congenital heart disease (CHD). We aimed to evaluate whether our super-flexible 3D heart models could facilitate preoperative decision-making and surgical simulation for complex CHD. The super-flexible heart models were fabricated by stereolithography 3D printing of the internal and external contours of the heart from cardiac computed tomography (CT) data, followed by vacuum casting with a polyurethane material similar in elasticity to a child's heart.

Non-Traumatic Shoulder Pain Affects Proprioception and Dynamic Stability in Female High School Volleyball Players.

Context: Nontraumatic shoulder pain (NSP) is common in volleyball, affecting performance and well-being. It is more prevalent in female players. Previous studies lack comprehensive assessments of shoulder pain that consider multiple factors, including range of motion, muscle strength, joint position sense, dynamic stability, and volleyball-specific mechanics.

Feasibility and Clinical Outcomes of Vasa Vasorum Embolization for Atypical Type 2 or Type 5 Endoleaks after Endovascular Aneurysm Repair.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and clinical outcomes of vasa vasorum embolization for preventing continuous aneurysmal expansion after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent vasa vasorum embolization between August 2018 and May 2022. Vasa vasorum embolization was attempted in cases of continuous aneurysmal expansion after EVAR, where the vasa vasorum was identified through catheter angiography.

Klotho supplementation decreases blood pressure and albuminuria in mice with lupus nephritis.

Klotho deficiency is prevalent in various chronic kidney diseases. Although klotho is known to bind transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) receptor 1 to antagonize renal fibrosis, TGFβ also maintains regulatory T cells with inducing forkhead box protein P3 (FOXP3). Female New Zealand Black/White F (NZBWF1) mice were divided into two groups (n = 10 for each): one group was treated with daily subcutaneous injection of klotho protein (30 μg/kg/day) for 8 weeks, and the other only received vehicle.