Interspecies Single-Cell RNA-Seq Analysis Reveals the Novel Trajectory of Osteoclast Differentiation and Therapeutic Targets.

Bone turnover is finely tuned by cells in the bone milieu, including osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes. Osteoclasts are multinucleated giant cells with a bone-resorbing function that play a critical role in regulating skeletal homeostasis. Osteoclast differentiation is characterized by dramatic changes in morphology and gene expression following receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) stimulation.

Cumulative live birth rate according to the number of receiving governmental subsidies for assisted reproductive technology in Saitama Prefecture, Japan: A retrospective study using individual data for governmental subsidies.

Purpose: We investigated the cumulative live birth rate (CLBR) in women receiving governmental subsidies for assisted reproductive technology (ART) in Saitama Prefecture, Japan.

Methods: Women who applied for subsidies from Saitama Prefectural Government for the first time in 2016 were enrolled and followed up until the end of 2017. Treatment information, including live birth, was obtained from the Japanese ART registry by linking it with unique identification numbers for treatment.

Risk of emergency surgery for complicated appendicitis: Japanese nationwide study.

Aim: Appendicitis is divided into two categories: complicated appendicitis (CA) and uncomplicated appendicitis (UA). In pediatric patients with CA, the use of interval appendectomy (IA), which is non-operative management followed by elective surgery, has decreased the number of postoperative complications. Before discussing the merit of IA for adult patients, we need to clarify whether the frequency and seriousness of the complication rate after emergency surgery is higher for CA than for UA.

Analysis of the safety of pretransplant corticosteroid therapy in patients with acute liver failure and late-onset hepatic failure in Japan.

Background And Aim: In Japan, corticosteroids have been commonly used as a part of multidisciplinary therapy for patients with acute liver failure and late-onset hepatic failure. However, there is controversy regarding the development of infections and other complications. In this study, the influence of corticosteroids on patient outcomes after liver transplantation was investigated.

Prevalence of Short Stature and Growth Hormone Deficiency and Factors Associated With Short Stature After Fontan Surgery.

Fontan circulation is characterized by many features commonly observed in heart failure that may affect physical growth regardless of pituitary gland dysfunction status. The aims of the present study were to investigate the prevalence of short stature and growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and determine the factors associated with short stature after Fontan surgery. On retrospective evaluation of 47 patients after Fontan surgery, a very high prevalence of short stature was observed (38.

Video-assisted thoracic surgery for a case of chronic progressive pulmonary aspergillosis undergoing haemodialysis complicated by anorexia nervosa: a case report.

We describe the case of a 37-year-old female with chronic progressive pulmonary aspergillosis (CPPA) with anorexia nervosa (AN) while undergoing haemodialysis for renal failure, who had video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) due to recurrent haemoptysis. She was referred to the Department of Respiratory Medicine for evaluation of an abnormal chest shadow. She was diagnosed with CPPA by serological examinations, radiological features, and bacterial culture.

Assisted reproductive technology in Japan: A summary report for 2018 by the Ethics Committee of the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology.

Purpose: Since 2007, the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology (JSOG) has collected cycle-based data for assisted reproductive technology (ART) in an online registry. Here, we present the characteristics and treatment outcomes of ART cycles registered during 2018.

Methods: The Japanese ART registry consists of cycle-specific information for all ART treatment cycles implemented at 621 participating facilities.

Secondary pulmonary hypertension due to pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis accompanied with panhypopituitarism.

A 65-year-old man presented to our hospital with complaint of acute dyspnoea. He smoked 30 cigarettes per day from age 20 to 52 years. Immunocytochemical findings revealed 6.

Severe gastritis due to pembrolizumab treatment in a lung cancer patient.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are known to induce gastrointestinal adverse events. Colitis occurs most frequently, and gastritis is less common. A few case reports of gastritis induced by ICIs have indicated that colitis induced by cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) resembles inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and that programmed death-1/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitor can also induce the same type of colitis.

Splenic mass of uncertain etiology in a 15-year-old male patient: a case report.

Background: There are few reports on spleen masses, and solitary splenic abscesses with abdominal pain have not been reported in younger age groups. We report a case of a splenic mass of uncertain etiology in a 15-year-old boy.

Case Presentation: A 15-year-old boy visited the emergency department with abdominal pain.

Assisted reproductive technology in Japan: A summary report for 2017 by the Ethics Committee of the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology.

Purpose: The Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology (JSOG) has collected cycle-based assisted reproductive technology (ART) data in an online registry since 2007. Herein, we present the characteristics and treatment outcomes of ART cycles registered during 2017.

Methods: We collected cycle-specific information for all ART cycles implemented at participating facilities and performed descriptive analysis.

Preliminary study: Descriptive analysis of longitudinal data on the international session of the Japan Primary Care Association annual conference, 2012-2018.

Introduction: Japan Primary Care Association has launched an international session at annual conference since 2012. Longitudinal characteristics of the presentations were investigated.

Methods: Abstracts of the session were analyzed regarding type of presentation (oral/poster), category (research/clinical case/activity/review), and presenters' geographical location.

Primary Sjögren's syndrome with multiple calcifications in parotid glands.

Dispersed calcifications in bilateral parotid glands may strongly suggest Sjögren's syndrome (SS), since the occurrence of bilateral calcifications in other salivary gland diseases is rare. This association between parotid calcifications and SS would thus represent highly useful information for the diagnosis of SS.

A case of neck xanthogranulomatous inflammation-suspected malignant tumor.

Xanthogranulomatous inflammation (XGI) is an uncommon chronic inflammatory disease. A 59-year-old male presented with a neck mass which had been diagnosed as an undifferentiated carcinoma. From CD68 staining, XGI was confirmed.

Hepatitis B virus reactivation with corticosteroid therapy in patients with adrenal insufficiency.

Objective: Whether or not reactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) might occur during corticosteroid therapy in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative patients with adrenal insufficiency was investigated.

Patients And Methods: We consecutively enrolled 66 patients with adrenal insufficiency undergoing physiological corticosteroid replacement therapy at Saitama Medical University Hospital between June 2013 and June 2014, and 220 patients with rheumatic disease receiving a pharmacologic dose of corticosteroids served as the positive control group. The latter group was separated into 101 patients treated only with corticosteroids, and 119 patients given corticosteroids plus immunosuppressants and/or disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs).

Ectopic adrenal adenoma causing gross hematuria: Steroidogenic enzyme profiling and literature review.

Introduction: Aberrant cortical adrenal tissues are not generally identified in adults. Herein, we present a very rare case of an ectopic adrenal tumor located in the renal hilum that caused gross hematuria.

Case Presentation: A 33-year-old man suddenly presented with asymptomatic gross hematuria.

Mitochondrial complex deficiency by novel compound heterozygous variants and correlation with developmental delay, undescended testicle, and left ventricular noncompaction in a Japanese patient: A case report.

We identified novel compound heterozygous variants in a Japanese patient who had hyperlactacidemia, metabolic acidosis, hyperalaninemia, developmental delay, undescended testicle, and left ventricular noncompaction. The urinary organic acids profile revealed elevated levels of 3-MGA, and BN-PAGE/Western blotting analysis and ETC. activity confirmed complex V deficiency.

Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration as a procedure to improve liver function in patients with decompensated cirrhosis.

Aim: Portosystemic shunts aggravate liver function by decreasing portal blood flow. The usefulness of balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (B-RTO), a standardized therapeutic procedure for gastric fundal varices (GFV), for the improvement of liver function was evaluated in cirrhotic patients with or without varices.

Methods: The subjects were 161 patients with portosystemic shunts.

Postoperative complications after stapled and hand-sewn ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for familial adenomatous polyposis: A multicenter study.

Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) after total proctocolectomy (TPC) can be conducted with either hand-sewn or stapled anastomosis for patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Although stapled IPAA without mucosectomy has a higher risk for developing adenomas in the remnant mucosa, it is the simpler procedure with potential benefit in short-term outcomes. However, it remains controversial as to whether stapled IPAA has any advantages in reducing postoperative complications.

Necrotizing enterocolitis associated with in a Japanese man.

Case: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) caused by is common in neonates; however, a case of NEC in adults has not been previously reported. An 84-year-old Japanese man developed -related NEC during hospitalization for treatment of stab wounds to the left side of the neck and lower abdomen, without organ damage, and concomitant pneumonia.

Outcome: The patient developed acute onset of emesis accompanied by shock during his admission; partial resection of the small intestine was carried out due to necrosis.