Effectiveness of inactivated influenza and COVID-19 vaccines in hospitalized children in 2022/23 season in Japan - The first season of co-circulation of influenza and COVID-19.

We have analyzed the inactivated vaccine effectiveness (VE)for preventing influenza hospitalization by test-negative design in the 2022/23 season. This is the first season of co-circulation of influenza and COVID-19, and a unique period because all inpatients received COVID-19 screening. Among 536 children hospitalized with fever, none were positive for both influenza and SARS-CoV-2.

Fibroblast growth factor 23 levels in cord and peripheral blood during early neonatal period as possible predictors of affected offspring of X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets: report of three female cases from two pedigrees.

Objectives: The role of serum fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) level in early neonatal period on the diagnosis of X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH) remains unclear.

Case Presentation: Two female patients from the first pedigree had an affected mother, and the other female from the second pedigree had an affected father. In all three cases, FGF23 levels were high in cord blood and peripheral blood at day 4-5.

Incidence and factor analysis for the heat-related illness on the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games.

Introduction: Among the 43 venues of Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games (OG) and 33 venues of Paralympic Games (PG) were held, the heat island effect was highly expected to cause heat-related illnesses in the outdoor venues with maximum temperatures exceeding 35°C. However, the actual number of heat-related illness cases during the competition was lower than that was initially expected, and it was unclear under what conditions or environment-related heat illnesses occurred among athletes.

Object: To clarify the cause and factors contributing to the occurrence of heat-related illness among athletes participating in the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games.

Clinical characteristics and potential association to Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies in patients with major depressive disorder who received maintenance electroconvulsive therapy: a retrospective chart review study.

Background: Maintaining remission after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is clinically relevant in patients with depression, and maintenance ECT has been introduced in patients who fail to maintain remission after ECT. However, the clinical characteristics and biological background of patients who receive maintenance ECT are poorly understood. Thus, this study aimed to examine the clinical background of patients who underwent maintenance ECT.

Intraoperative Neuromonitoring of Hypoglossal Nerves Using Transcranial and Direct Electrical Stimulation During Extracranial Internal Carotid Artery Surgery.

Background: We explored whether the electromyogram (EMG) and the motor evoked potential (MEP) are useful for monitoring the function of the hypoglossal nerve during surgery targeting the cervical segment of the internal carotid artery.

Methods: The present study included 6 patients with internal carotid arterial stenosis (1 patient underwent bilateral surgeries) and 1 patient with a cervical carotid artery aneurysm. In 5 of the 8 procedures, the EMGs were recorded.

Prognostic Impact of Main Lymph Node Metastasis in Patients with Colon Cancer.

Background: Although extended lymph node dissection during colon cancer surgery is recommended in both Western and Eastern countries, the perception and clinical significance of main lymph node metastasis (MLNM) remains controversial.

Methods: In total, 1557 patients with colon cancer who underwent curative resection with D3 dissection were retrospectively analyzed. Clinicopathological factors associated with MLNM were analyzed.

Prediction of need for bowel resection in acute superior mesenteric artery occlusion: A retrospective study of 48 Japanese patients.

Aim: This study aimed to predict cases of acute superior mesenteric artery (SMA) occlusion requiring bowel resection using occlusion site and time from symptom onset to diagnosis at five Japanese institutions. Advances in imaging, endovascular treatment, and perioperative management have improved the clinical outcomes of patients with acute SMA occlusion; however, in clinical practice it remains difficult to effectively determine patients requiring bowel resection.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 48 patients (mean age: 82.

Long-term efficacy and safety profile of splenectomy for pediatric chronic immune thrombocytopenia.

There are few reports of the long-term efficacy of splenectomy in children with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). In a 33-year period, we performed splenectomies in 23 pediatric patients with ITP at a single institution in Japan. The age at surgery was 5-22 years with a median of 10 years.

Impact of accumulative smoking exposure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on COVID-19 outcomes: report based on findings from the Japan COVID-19 task force.

Objectives: Smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are risk factors for severe COVID-19. However, limited literature exists on the effect of COPD and smoking on COVID-19 outcomes. This study examined the impact of smoking exposure in pack-years (PY) and COPD on COVID-19 outcomes among smokers in Japan.

Most Important Things and Associated Factors With Prioritizing Daily Life in Patients With Advanced Lung Cancer.

Purpose: Patients' values and priorities in their lives should be appreciated from an early phase of incurable diseases such as advanced cancer. However, studies examining these characteristics have been lacking. This study attempted to determine what patients with advanced lung cancer valued most, once they had been diagnosed, and any associated factors.

Seasonal variation in vitamin D status of Japanese infants starts to emerge at 2 months of age: a retrospective cohort study.

Vitamin D seasonality has been reported in adults and children, suggesting that sunlight exposure has effects on 25(OH)D production. While vitamin D deficiency among infants has received significant attention, little is known about the extent to which vitamin D status during early infancy is affected by sunlight exposure. Here, we retrospectively analysed serum 25(OH)D levels of 692 samples obtained from healthy infants aged 1-2 months born at Saitama City Hospital, Japan (latitude 35·9° North) between August 2017 and September 2021.

Early reperfusion with hemoglobin vesicles into tracheal subepithelial capillaries in a mouse tracheal transplant model.

Hemoglobin vesicles (HbVs), liposomes containing concentrated hemoglobin extracted from outdated human red blood cells (RBC), are artificial oxygen carriers with a small particle size. To evaluate the reperfusion of capillaries with HbVs in a tracheal transplant model and compare it with that of RBC. Isogenic mice were used as donors and recipients in a parallel trachea transplant model.

Clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of 21-hydroxylase deficiency (2021 revision).

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is a category of disorders characterized by impaired adrenocortical steroidogenesis. The most frequent disorder of congenital adrenal hyperplasia is 21-hydroxylase deficiency, which is caused by pathogenic variants of and is prevalent between 1 in 18,000 and 20,000 in Japan. The clinical guidelines for 21-hydroxylase deficiency in Japan have been revised twice since a diagnostic handbook in Japan was published in 1989.

Clinical utility of whole body diffusion-weighted imaging in an immunocompetent adult with atypical cat scratch disease.

Background: Cat scratch disease (CSD) is an infectious disease caused by Bartonella henselae. CSD follows a typical course, characterized by regional lymphadenopathy. In atypical CSD, the lesions spread to systemic organs and can cause fever of unknown origin (FUO).