Reshaping the Preterm Heart: Shifting Cardiac Renin-Angiotensin System Towards Cardioprotection in Rats Exposed to Neonatal High-Oxygen Stress.

Background: Approximately 10% of infants are born preterm. Preterm birth leads to short and long-term changes in cardiac shape and function. By using a rat model of neonatal high-oxygen (80%O) exposure, mimicking the premature hyperoxic transition to the extrauterine environment, we revealed a major role of the renin-angiotensin system peptide Angio II (angiotensin II) and its receptor AT1 (angiotensin receptor type 1) on neonatal O-induced cardiomyopathy.

Plasma copeptin is increased and associated with smaller kidney volume in young adults born very preterm.

Background: Plasma copeptin, a surrogate marker for vasopressin levels, is increased in neonates born preterm, particularly in those with a more severe neonatal course, as reflected by bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Copeptin levels in adulthood are unknown.

Methods: In this case-control study of 101 adults born very preterm (<30 weeks of gestation) and 105 control adults born full-term, a comprehensive clinical and biological assessment was performed, including blood pressure measurements, kidney ultrasound and determination of plasma copeptin, renin activity, angiotensin II, aldosterone, apelin, sodium and potassium, serum and morning urine osmolality.

Gaps in Prehospital Care for Patients Exposed to a Chemical Attack - A Systematic Review.

Introduction: The survivability of mass casualties exposed to a chemical attack is dependent on clinical knowledge, evidence-based practice, as well as protection and decontamination capabilities. The aim of this systematic review was to identify the knowledge gaps that relate to an efficient extraction and care of mass casualties caused by exposure to chemicals.

Methods: This systematic review was conducted from November 2018 through September 2020 in compliance with Cochrane guidelines.

Does Wait Time During Acute Care for Transfer to Rehabilitation Admission Impact the Outcomes After a Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury?: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: The objective of this study was to determine the impact of wait time in acute care for inpatient functional rehabilitation admission on the inpatient functional rehabilitation length of stay and functional outcome after a traumatic spinal cord injury.

Methods: A retrospective cohort including 277 patients admitted to a single level 1 spinal cord injury acute care center was completed. Partial correlations were used between wait time (in days) for transfer to inpatient functional rehabilitation, the inpatient functional rehabilitation length of stay, and the Spinal Cord Independence Measure total score in the chronic period, adjusting for confounding variables.

Changes in emerging adults' alcohol and cannabis use from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from a prospective birth cohort.

Objective: Prospective research is needed to better-understand changes in substance use from before to during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, among emerging adults (18-25 years), a high-risk group for substance use.

Method: = 1,096 (weighted sample = 1,080; 54% female) participants enrolled in the Québec Longitudinal Study of Child Development, who completed prepandemic (2019; 21 years) and COVID-19 (mid-March to mid-June 2020) surveys. COVID-19-related and preexisting factors were examined as moderators of change in substance use.

Articulating viewpoints to better define and respond to the needs of adolescents and young adult survivors of pediatric brain tumors.

Purpose: Adolescents and young adult survivors of pediatric brain tumors (AYA-PBTS) often experience difficulties with social skills, pursuit of studies and employment. This study explored pediatric long-term survivors' perspective on their post-treatment needs and ways to improve resources and interventions.

Methods: We used an original method of three sequential focus group interviews by adding the perspectives of survivors (15-22 years), parents and health professionals (total N = 22).

Exposure to high levels of oxygen in neonatal rats induce a decrease in hemoglobin levels.

Background: Anemia of prematurity is common in extremely preterm neonates, and oxygen exposure may participate to anemia by inhibiting erythropoietin secretion. We aimed to determine whether hyperoxia exerts an independent role in the occurrence of the anemia of prematurity.

Methods: Sprague-Dawley pups were exposed to 80% oxygen or room air from days 3 to 10 of life.

Early Clinical Prediction of Independent Outdoor Functional Walking Capacity in a Prospective Cohort of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury Patients.

Objective: The first objective was to identify a method for early prediction of independent outdoor functional walking 1 yr after a traumatic spinal cord injury using the motor and sensory function derived from the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury assessment during acute care. Then, the second objective was to develop a clinically relevant prediction rule that would be accurate, easy to use, and quickly calculated in clinical setting.

Design: A prospective cohort of 159 traumatic spinal cord injury patients was analyzed.

Who Recovers Independent Bowel Management During the First Year After a Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury?: A Case-Control Study.

Objectives: The aims of the study were (1) to document the characteristics of patients with impaired bowel functioning during the subacute and chronic phases and (2) to identify factors associated with recovery of independent bowel functioning during the first year after traumatic spinal cord injury in patients who present impaired bowel functioning during the subacute phase, when bowel rehabilitation is completed.

Design: This is a case-control study on 123 adult traumatic spinal cord injury patients. Bowel function assessments using item 7 of the Spinal Cord Independence Measure III were obtained 3 mos after traumatic spinal cord injury and during the early chronic phase.

Neurodevelopmental Outcome of Children with Congenital Heart Disease: A Cohort Study from Infancy to Preschool Age.

Objective: To characterize the neuropsychological outcome of children with congenital heart disease (CHD) at age 5 years; the stability of cognitive and language abilities across childhood; and to identify early neurodevelopmental markers of neuropsychological outcomes in these children.

Study Design: Five-year-old children (n = 55) with complex CHD were assessed using standardized and comprehensive neuropsychological measures. Stability of language and cognitive performance was assessed by comparing standardized scores between ages 1, 2, and 5 years old.

Self-healing, stretchable, and highly adhesive hydrogels for epidermal patch electrodes.

Flexible, self-healing and adhesive conductive materials with Young's modulus matching biological tissues are highly desired for applications in bioelectronics. Here, we report self-healing, stretchable, highly adhesive and conductive hydrogels obtained by mixing polyvinyl alcohol, sodium tetraborate and a screen printing paste containing the conducting polymer Poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) and diol additives. The as prepared hydrogels exhibited modelling ability, high adhesion on pig skin (1.

Health perception by young adults born very preterm.

Aim: This study assessed the self-reported health perception and use of health care by adults born very preterm before 30 weeks of gestation.

Methods: The participants were part of a cross-sectional observational study that assessed the global health of young adults aged 18-29 years born very preterm in Quebec, Canada. Health perception was explored from 2011 to 2016 using the second Short-Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36v2), and objective health measures were obtained.

Repurposing proscillaridin A in combination with decitabine against embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma RD cells.

Purpose: Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (eRMS) is the most common type of rhabdomyosarcoma in children. eRMS is characterized by malignant skeletal muscle cells driven by hyperactivation of several oncogenic pathways including the MYC pathway. Targeting MYC in cancer has been extremely challenging.

Early Predictors of Neurological Outcomes After Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review and Proposal of a Conceptual Framework.

Background: Neurological outcomes after traumatic spinal cord injury are variable and depend on patient-, trauma-, and treatment-related factors as well as on spinal cord injury characteristics, imaging, and biomarkers.

Objective: The aims of the study were to identify and classify the early predictors of neurological outcomes after traumatic spinal cord injury.

Data Sources: The Medline, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Database were searched using medical subject headings.

Gain-of-function variants in SYK cause immune dysregulation and systemic inflammation in humans and mice.

Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is a critical immune signaling molecule and therapeutic target. We identified damaging monoallelic SYK variants in six patients with immune deficiency, multi-organ inflammatory disease such as colitis, arthritis and dermatitis, and diffuse large B cell lymphomas. The SYK variants increased phosphorylation and enhanced downstream signaling, indicating gain of function.

Substrate Oxidation Is Altered by Obesity During Submaximal Cycling in Prepubertal and Early Pubertal Children: A Quality Study.

Background: To examine substrate oxidation in prepubertal and early pubertal children as a function of body weight, body composition, and sex during an exhaustive cycling test.

Methods: This study included 320 children in prepubertal and early puberty (Tanner stage 1 or 2; n = 188 males) who completed a minimum of 4 stages (2-5 min/stage) of an adapted version of the McMaster exhaustive exercise protocol on an upright cycle ergometer. Substrate utilization, relative to individual VO2peak, was determined using VO2 and VCO2 data, obtained with breath-by-breath gas analysis during exercise.