Perspectives on Conducting Behavioral Intervention With Adolescents Using a Virtual Platform-A Thematic Analysis From the Viewpoint of Study Coordinators.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic led to widespread adoption of virtual communication platforms. Virtual study visits were implemented in the pilot cluster randomized trial (CRT) stage of Teen Adherence in KidnEy transplant Improving Tracking To Optimize Outcomes (TAKE-IT TOO). The present study aimed to understand study coordinators' perspectives on conducting a behavioral intervention with adolescent kidney transplant recipients using virtual conferencing platforms.

Measurable residual disease and posttransplantation gilteritinib maintenance for patients with FLT3-ITD-mutated AML.

BMT CTN 1506 ("MORPHO"; NCT02997202) was a randomized phase 3 study of gilteritinib compared to placebo as maintenance therapy after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) for patients with FLT3-ITD-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML). A key secondary endpoint was to determine the impact on survival of pre- and/or post-HCT measurable residual disease (MRD), as determined using a highly sensitive assay for FLT3-ITD mutations. Generally, gilteritinib maintenance therapy was associated with improved relapse-free survival (RFS) for participants with detectable peri-HCT MRD, whereas no benefit was evident for those lacking detectable MRD.

Association between urate-lowering therapy and kidney failure in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Background: Hyperuricemia is a hallmark of gout and a suspected risk factor for the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the impact of urate-lowering therapy on CKD progression is subject to debate. The objective of the present study was to describe the prevalence of inappropriate urate-lowering therapy prescriptions and evaluate the association between urate-lowering therapy prescription and the progression of kidney disease in patients with CKD.

Cerebral compliance assessment from intracranial pressure waveform analysis: Is a positional shift-related increase in intracranial pressure predictable?

Real-time monitoring of intracranial pressure (ICP) is a routine part of neurocritical care in the management of brain injury. While mainly used to detect episodes of intracranial hypertension, the ICP signal is also indicative of the volume-pressure relationship within the cerebrospinal system, often referred to as intracranial compliance (ICC). Several ICP signal descriptors have been proposed in the literature as surrogates of ICC, but the possibilities of combining these are still unexplored.

Neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 alone or in combination with anti-TIGIT or an oncolytic virus in resectable stage IIIB-D melanoma: a phase 1/2 trial.

Neoadjuvant immunotherapies have shown antitumor activity in melanoma. Substudy 02C of the global, rolling-arm, phase 1/2, adaptive-design KEYMAKER-U02 trial is evaluating neoadjuvant pembrolizumab (anti-PD-1) alone or in combination, followed by adjuvant pembrolizumab, for stage IIIB-D melanoma. Here we report results from the first three arms: pembrolizumab plus vibostolimab (anti-TIGIT), pembrolizumab plus gebasaxturev (coxsackievirus A21) and pembrolizumab monotherapy.

Asciminib resistance of a new BCR::ABL1 p.I293_K294insSSLRD mutant detected in a Ph + ALL patient.

Chronic myeloid leukemia and Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients largely benefit from an expanding tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) toolbox that has improved the outcome of both diseases. However, TKI success is continuously challenged by mutation-driven acquired resistance and therefore, close monitoring of clonal genetic diversity is necessary to ensure proper clinical management and adequate response to treatment. Here, we report the case of a ponatinib-resistant Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph + ALL) patient harboring a BCR::ABL1 p.

What intensivists need to know about cytomegalovirus infection in immunocompromised ICU patients.

Purpose: Advances in therapeutic care are leading to an increase in the number of patients living with overt immunosuppression. These patients are at risk of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and disease that can lead to or develop during ICU admission. This manuscript aims to describe the clinical presentation, risk factors, and management of CMV infection and disease in this patient population.

Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction is prevalent but not associated with mortality in patients with septic shock.

Purpose: Prognostic impact of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) in septic shock patients has not been determined using current diagnostic guidelines. We assessed the relation between LVDD during the first 3 days following intensive care unit (ICU) admission for septic shock and Day-28 mortality.

Methods: This prospective, multicenter, observational study enrolled 402 patients (age: 63 ± 13 year; 59% male; SAPS II: 59 ± 20; SOFA: 9.

Best clinical model predicting extubation failure: a diagnostic accuracy post hoc analysis.

Purpose: Predicting extubation failure remains a clinical challenge. This study aimed to determine diagnostic accuracy of models used at the bed side.

Methods: Post hoc analysis of 2341 patients at all risk included in five multicenter randomized trials.

Modifiable Health Behaviours in Children with HCM: Lessons from the Heart Health Survey.

Obesity factors into hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)-related risk as a disease modifying environmental factor. Behaviours such as diet and sleep are seldom reported upon in children with HCM. It was our aim to report on these factors in this population.

Hyperandrogenism in polycystic ovary syndrome and adrenal hyperplasia: finding differences to make a specific diagnosis.

Purpose: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and Adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) are two pathologic conditions sharing several clinical features (hirsutism, acne, polycystic ovary morphology, metabolic alterations, ovulatory dysfunctions) and especially hyperandrogenism as a common clinical hallmark. Therefore, making a differential diagnosis of the two conditions still remains a great medical challenge.

Methods: In particular, the comparison discussed in this review referred to non-classical form of adrenal hyperplasia (NCAH), which regards the adult population, and the Endocrine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS), following the new set of PCOS diagnostic criteria proposed by the Experts Group on Inositol and Clinical Research, and on PCOS (EGOI-PCOS).

Association between diabetes mellitus and fetal and maternal outcomes during and after pregnancy-a nationwide study.

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) affects both the mother and fetus during and after pregnancy. Multiple studies have shown the prognostic impact of DM on maternal and fetal outcomes, but studies at the national level are limited. Therefore, we aimed to conduct this nationwide study.

Educational interventions to improve pediatric emergency care: A qualitative assessment of the perspectives of African healthcare workers.

Pediatric emergency care (PEC) training for health care workers (HCWs) is commonly offered in the form of short courses. This study gathers the perspectives of HCWs from eight African countries on how to best deliver and implement short training courses in PEC. This is a qualitative study using semi-structured key informant (KI) interviews.

Deep CRISPR mutagenesis characterizes the functional diversity of TP53 mutations.

The mutational landscape of TP53, a tumor suppressor mutated in about half of all cancers, includes over 2,000 known missense mutations. To fully leverage TP53 mutation status for personalized medicine, a thorough understanding of the functional diversity of these mutations is essential. We conducted a deep mutational scan using saturation genome editing with CRISPR-mediated homology-directed repair to engineer 9,225 TP53 variants in cancer cells.

Safety and efficacy of the therapeutic DNA-based vaccine VB10.16 in combination with atezolizumab in persistent, recurrent or metastatic HPV16-positive cervical cancer: a multicenter, single-arm phase 2a study.

Background: Second-line treatment options for persistent, recurrent or metastatic (r/m) cervical cancer are limited. We investigated the safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity of the therapeutic DNA-based vaccine VB10.16 combined with the immune checkpoint inhibitor atezolizumab in patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)16-positive r/m cervical cancer.

The effects of recent stressful life events on outcomes in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis: results from the longitudinal EU-GEI high-risk study.

Background: Recent stressful life events (SLE) are a risk factor for psychosis, but limited research has explored how SLEs affect individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis. The current study investigated the longitudinal effects of SLEs on functioning and symptom severity in CHR individuals, where we hypothesized CHR would report more SLEs than healthy controls (HC), and SLEs would be associated with poorer outcomes.

Methods: The study used longitudinal data from the EU-GEI High Risk study.

Comparison of the lethal triad and the lethal diamond in severe trauma patients: a multicenter cohort.

Background: To reduce the number of deaths caused by exsanguination, the initial management of severe trauma aims to prevent, if not limit, the lethal triad, which consists of acidosis, coagulopathy, and hypothermia. Recently, several studies have suggested adding hypocalcemia to the lethal triad to form the lethal diamond, but the evidence supporting this change is limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the lethal triad and lethal diamond for their respective associations with 24-h mortality in severe trauma patients receiving transfusion.

Extending the Lund-Malmö creatinine-based GFR equation to cystatin C - validation results from the European Kidney Function Consortium (EKFC) cohort of children and adults.

The aim of the present study was to extend the creatinine-based Lund-Malmö GFR equation for use with rescaled cystatin C (r-LMR) and validate it against measured GFR (mGFR) in the EKFC cystatin C cohort of children ( = 2,293) and adults ( = 7,727). Rescaling was obtained by dividing each biomarker by a Q-value, representing the population-specific median biomarker level among healthy individuals. Validation included median bias/precision/accuracy (percent estimates within ±30% of mGFR, P).

Prognostic Value of Cardiac MRI Late Gadolinium Enhancement Granularity in Participants with Ischemic Cardiomyopathy.

Background Ischemic late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) assessed with cardiac MRI is a well-established prognosticator in ischemic cardiomyopathy. However, the prognostic value of additional LGE parameters, such as extent, transmurality, location, and associated midwall LGE, remains unclear. Purpose To assess the prognostic value of ischemic LGE features to predict all-cause mortality in ischemic cardiomyopathy.

Predictive Efficacy of Dual Therapies Combining Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors with Second-Generation Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors Following HIV-1 Treatment Failure in Cameroon: Implications for the Use of a Long-Acting Therapeutic Strategy in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

Dual therapies (DT) combining integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) with second-generation non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (2nd-Gen-NNRTIs) offer new possibilities for HIV treatment to improve adherence. However, drug resistance associated mutations (RAMs) to prior antiretrovirals may jeopardize the efficacy of DT. We herein describe the predicted efficacy of DT combining INSTIs + 2nd-Gen-NNRTI following treatment failure among Cameroonian patients.

Isothermal Nucleic Acid Amplification for Point-of-Care Primary Cervical Cancer Screening.

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a significant global health concern linked to various cancers, particularly cervical cancer. Timely and accurate detection of HPV is crucial for effective management and prevention strategies. Traditional laboratory-based HPV testing methods often suffer from limitations such as long turnaround times, restricted accessibility, and the need for trained personnel, especially in resource-limited settings.