[Suppression of alternative telomere lengthening in cancer cells with reverse transcriptase inhibitors].

Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme that elongates telomeres and therefore maintains chromosomal stability in germline, and in the majority of cancer cells, during cell doubling. However, up to 30 % of human tumors of different types do not express telomerase, but instead use an alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT). Here authors show that human tumor-derived ALT cell lines express a LINE-1 (L1) retrotransposon, which suggests its participation in telomere maintenance, possibly by a «slippage» mechanism of telomeric DNA synthesis.

[OPTIMIZATION OF REPARATIVE OSTEOGENESIS JAWS ON AGING (PRECLINICAL STUDIES)].

The article presents the results of pre-clinical studies of the possibility of optimization of reparative osteogenesis in postoperative bone cavities of the jaws in old rats with a peptide bioregulator of Kartalaks. Using histological and morphometric methods in the experimental study, it is shown that the use of Kartalaks positive effect on the course of the process of reparative osteogenesis of the mandible in old rats. The features of the Kartalaks drug investigated for optimization of reparative osteogenesis jaw during aging.

[Preventive geriatrics vs anti-aging medicine].

The article presents the main modern ideas of the new interdisciplinary direction at the junction of aesthetic medicine, geriatrics and valeology - preventive geriatrics, or the anti-aging medicine. Describes its purpose, namely effective individual programs of prevention of the development and progression of chronic diseases and age-related conditions; the overview of the diagnostic methods used in preventive geriatrics, individualized prevention programs with proven efficacy is given. Substantiates the importance of preventive geriatrics (anti-aging medicine) as a discipline with its own scientific methodological tools, points of application, and presents prospects of scientific study.

[Prevalence of stomalgy and its causes in people of different age].

On the basis of analysis of primary medical records of 9 158 (3 329 males and 5 829 females) patients of average, elderly and old age of outpatient clinics the prevalence of pain and paresthesys of the oral mucosa and tongue was studied. Profile of outpatient medical institutions, where people suffering from painful phenomena and paresthesys of the oral mucosa pass examination and treatment was defined. The causal factors that play a role in the origin and development of this disease in patients of older age groups were established.

[Ways of life quality improvement among elderly and older patients after phacoemulsification of cataract in postoperative period].

The article is devoted to the literature review of modern methods of diagnosis and surgical treatment of age-related cataract. The comparative analysis of morphologic characteristics of corneal endothelial cell before and after phacoemulsification in the age aspect has been given. The results of surgical treatment of this disease have been analyzed.

[Pinealon and Cortexin influence on behavior and neurochemical processes in 18-month aged rats within hypoxia and hypothermia].

The research of Cortexin and Pinealon within two models of stress, acute hypobaric hypoxia and mild hypothermia, within 18-month aged rats has been held. The peculiarities of peptide preparations' influence on behavior and neurochemical indeces have been identified. Cortexin shows a more pronounced effect on free radical processes and caspase 3 activity in brain than Pinealon.

[Suitable working conditions for elderly people with different degrees of compensation of dysfunctional blood circulation of eyes].

In dealing with complex problems in labor and social rehabilitation of elderly people with different degrees of compensation of dysfunctional blood circulation of eyes, a great role play methods of rational and qualitative analysis of appropriate employment. The analysis of 110 patients of 55-70 years of age (220 eyes) with dysfunctional blood circulation of eyes has been done. Professional abilities of elderly patients with dysfunctional blood circulation of eyes depend on the state of functioning vision and the level of blood circulation of the eye.

[Assessment of work ability index in evaluation of small peptides geroprotective effect].

We have conducted a comparative analysis of the work ability index (WAI) application in evaluation of the effectiveness of small peptides (cytogens) used as geroprotectors in the system of preventive medical nutrition of those working with occupational hazards. Our study revealed the necessity of an inclusion of small peptides into the system of preventive medical nutrition, health promotion in people working with occupational hazards and thus subjected to an accelerated aging. The combined application of peptide geroprotectors makes it possible to restore and enhance adaptive resources as well as to correct work ability and maintain health and well-being in different professional groups.

[The influence of hyperhomocysteinemia on monoaminoergic systems of hypothalamus and hippocampus of female rats at aging].

The data presented have shown the different effect of hyperhomocysteinemia (induced by 0,12-0,15 mg of methionine loading per os during 30 days) on monoamines content in hypothalamus and hippocampus of young (6-7 month) and old (20-22 month) female rats. It has been established that the level of catecholamines (noradrenaline, dopamine), 5 oxitryptamine and 5 oxyindolacetic acid in hypothalamic areas responsible for synthesis and secretion of gonadoliberin (medial preoptic area and medial eminence with arcuate nuclei) is considerable less in old animals compared with young ones. These data are in agreement with the low content of gonadoliberin found by us in medial eminence with arcuate nuclei.

[Signal molecules of endometrium: gerontological and general pathhological aspects].

The review describes neuro-immuno-endocrine signal molecules expression in human endometrial cells in the normal conditions, in the pathology and during aging. Human endometrial cells synthesizes estrogen, progesterone, estradiol, progestin, cell adhesion molecules (integrines α1β1, α4β1, αVβ3, L-selectin, Е-catgerin, MUC1), grow factors (TGF, EGF, HB-EGF, IGF), cytokines (IL-1, IL-2, INF-α, IL-12, СХСL10, CXCL11, CXCR3), various immune cells markers (CD68, CD105, CD163, CD16, CD56, CD4, CD8), heat shock proteins (HSP60, HSP70, HSP90, VEGF, MMP). Changes of this molecules expression level are the base of the social significant diseases as endometriosis, endometrial cancer and infertility.

[Analysis of indicators of primary disability due to cerebrovascular diseases in people of retirement age according to the results of medical and social examination in St. Petersburg].

The article presents data on the primary disability due to cerebrovascular disease in elderly patients based on the results of the survey in the Bureau of Medical and Social Expertise of Saint-Petersburg from 2005 to 2014. The analysis showed a reduction in the indicators of primary disability due to cerebrovascular disease and the increase in the share of persons with disabilities of the first and third groups in its structure.

[Treatment of elderly patients with combination of coronary artery disease and aortic valve pathology].

Increasingly, there are patients with concomitant coronary artery disease and aortic valve, especially in elderly patients, who often have severe comorbidities and high surgical risk, which is undoubtedly a certain effect on the choice of method and tactics of treatment. Today, there are several approaches to the treatment of patients in this category, and all of them have certain advantages and disadvantages.

[Adhesion molecule JAM-A, its function and mechanism of epigenetic regulation].

The article represents evidence about structures, properties and functions of adhesion molecule JAM-A/1 belonging to JAM subfamily. This protein plays an important role in epithelial tight junction formation and immune function. Current article focuses on the role of JAM-A protein in pathogenesis associated to ageing: atherosclerosis, apoplexy, thrombosis, hypertension, ophthalmological pathology.

[Demographic aspects of population aging in Saint-Petersburg at the end of XX-the beginning of XXI century. Part I. Conventional aging measures].

The paper represents the first part of the series of two articles on demographic aspects of population aging in Saint-Petersburg in 1990-2010 compared to the situation in the Russian Federation as a whole. In the first part, the situation with the population aging in Saint-Petersburg and Russia is considered based on traditional aging measures - the proportion of elderly in the total population, aging index, old age dependency rate and the parents support ratio. In the second part, a number of prospective aging indicators that take account of remaining life expectancy, will be studied.

[Molecular aspects of immunoprotective activity of peptides in spleen during the ageing process].

Vilon, Timogen, Crystagen and R-1 short peptides possess various immunoprotective effects in spleen during its ageing. Both R-1 and Vilon peptides activate T-helpers. The effect of Vilon is provided by decreased level of apoptosis, as well as the effect of R-1 peptide is provided by increased proliferation and differentiation processes.

[Effect of peptide bioregulators and cytokines on life span and age-related changes of hemostasis].

The review considers literature data and own results of research of cytokines functions and their effects on hemostatic system and life span. The data of age-related changes in the hemostatic system is presented in this article. A big part of the review is devoted to the action of regulatory peptides (RP) on various body systems.

[Nordic walking: the prospects of improving the quality of life in the elderly].

The article represents a review of foreign studies of positive effect on health and quality of life of such a new physical activity as Nordic walking. Advantages of Nordic walking for health make this activity very promising for further studies in the group of elderly people and its introduction into the geriatric practice to make elderly people more physically active, to promote healthy life style and proper attitude towards health.

[Evaluation of effectiveness of cardiologic educational program for elderly patients with heart failure].

This study determines the role of educational programs in the elderly with heart failure outpatients' treatment. 86 elder patients with chronic heart failure NYHA functional class II were investigated. Age features of the use of educational programs are presented.

[Morphological and mechanical peculiarities of erythrocytes and neutrophils from patients of different age groups with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma].

Modern scanning probe microscopy methods make possible to study the peculiarities of the cell response in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, as well as to diagnose the severity of the diseases which is important in senile age, particularly.

[Hybrid methods in the treatment of heart disease in elderly and senile patients].

Hybrid technologies are becoming increasingly strong position in modern cardiac surgery. New standards and expanding the indications for use of these techniques are delivered. The advantages of hybrid interventions are to a substantial reduction in trauma patients during surgery, reducing the risk of both intra- and postoperative complications, death, the most important for the elderly and senile age.

[Correction of age related bladder function decrease with peptide geroprotector in women].

A randomized blind study to assess effectiveness of peptide bioregulator Chitomur® in aged female patients with hyperactive bladder was conducted. The drug influence on urodynamic parameters and life quality of women with hyperactive bladder of the age of 48-80 years was researched. It was stated that Chitomur® administration cause not only to the decrease of imperative feelings of urination and episodes of urgent incontinention but significant improvement of bladder condition.

[The tetrapeptide pankragen forte efficiency in elderly people with prediabetic state].

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of tetrapeptide pankragen-forte in older people with prediabetic state. A total of 150 healthy people of different ages, including 39 young people (20-39 years), 42 people. middle-aged (40-59 years) and 69 older adults (60 years and older).

[TREATMENT OF CHEMICAL STOMATITIS IN PEOPLE OF ADVANCED AND SENILE AGE].

The author presents the results of the surveillance of medical rehabilitation of 22 elderly patients suffering from chemical stomatitis combined with medication sialadenopathys that occurred after combined treatment of malignant tumors of oropharyngeal area. It is shown that the inclusion in the conventional regimen chemical stomatitis peptide bioregulator Vezugen and dietary supplement Algiklam enhances the effectiveness of the treatment gerontostomatologic patients suffering from chemical stomatitis combined with medication sialadenopathys.

[Features of clinical flow of odontogenic periostitis of maxilla and jaw in the people of different age].

This article presents the results of medical reports retrospective analysis of 605 patients that came to multisectoral maxillofacial hospital with acute odontogenic periostitis of maxilla and jaw by emergency or according to urgent indications in 2008-2011. The age-related features of prevalence and principal reasons of development and clinical aspects of localization of odontogenic periostitis of maxilla and jaw within the people of different age are shown.

[Effect of peptide geroprotectors on the navigation system learning and caspase-3 in brain structures in rats of different age].

The study of the effects of peptide geroprotectors cortexin and pinealon on the system of caspase-3 in the brain structures and training of rats of different ages was held. Regional changes in activity and the content of caspase-3 in the cerebral cortex and brainstem of young and old rats under the influence of peptides were identified. It is suggested that the functional state of caspase-3 in the brain is one of the reasons that determines the animals' ability to learn.